Citation: Li Xiaowei, Wang Bin, Yin Wenxuan, Di Jun, Xia Jiexiang, Zhu Wenshuai, Li Huaming. Cu²⁺ Modified g-C₃N₄ Photocatalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2020, 36(3): 190200. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201902001 shu

Cu²⁺ Modified g-C₃N₄ Photocatalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Xia Jiexiang, xjx@ujs.edu.cn Zhu Wenshuai, zhuws@ujs.edu.cn
Received Date: 1 February 2019
Revised Date: 3 May 2019
Accepted Date: 13 May 2019
Available Online: 17 March 2019
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21576122the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21722604Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2017M611726the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722604, 21576122), Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611726) and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (SJKY19_2573)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China SJKY19_2573

Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C₃N₄ and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu²⁺. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ and pure g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C₃N₄ and Cu/g-C₃N₄ demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C₃N₄. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB and CIP over Cu/g-C₃N₄ may be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate by copper. The photoelectric test showed that the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ could reduce the electron-hole recombination rate of g-C₃N₄ and accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance indicated that the synergistic effect of superoxide radicals (O₂^•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes could increase the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ materials.
- Cu/g-C₃N₄,
- Photocatalytic,
- Visible light,
- Active species,
- RhB,
- CIP
1. [1]
  Hochbaum, A. I.; Yang, P. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 527. doi: 10.1021/cr900075v doi: 10.1021/cr900075v
2. [2]
  Zou, Z. G.; Ye, J. H.; Sayama, K.; Arakawa, H. Nature 2001, 414, 625. doi: 10.1038/414625a doi: 10.1038/414625a
3. [3]
  Shi, R.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Zhang, T. Solar Rrl. 2017, 1, 1700126. doi: 10.1002/solr.201700126 doi: 10.1002/solr.201700126
4. [4]
  Cao, S.; Li, H.; Tong, T.; Chen, H.; Yu, A.; Yu, J.; Chen, H. M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 180216932. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201802169 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201802169
5. [5]
  弓程, 向思弯, 张泽阳, 孙岚, 叶陈清, 林昌健.物理化学学报, 2019, 35, 616. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201805082 doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201805082
6. [6]
  Guo, X.; Li, X.; Qin, L.; Kang, S.; Li, G. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 243, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.030 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.030
7. [7]
  Casillas, J. E.; Tzompantzi, F.; Castellanos, S. G.; Mendoza-Damian, G.; Perez-Hernandez, R.; Lopez-Gaona, A.; Barrera, A. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 208, 161. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.030 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.030
8. [8]
  Lops, C.; Ancona, A.; Di Cesare, K.; Dumontel, B.; Garino, N.; Canavese, G.; Hernandez, S.; Cauda, V. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 243, 629. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.078 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.078
9. [9]
  Jin, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Hu, L.; Chen, J.; Cheng, X.; Zeng, Y.; Ruan, S.; Ohno, T. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 205, 569. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.069 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.069
10. [10]
  Jelinska, A.; Bienkowski, K.; Jadwiszczak, M.; Pisarek, M.; Strawski, M.; Kurzydlowski, D.; Solarska, R.; Augustynski, J. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 10573. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03497 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03497
11. [11]
  Chen, Y.; Zhu, G.; Hojamberdiev, M.; Gao, J.; Zhu, R.; Wang, C.; Wei, X.; Liu, P. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 344, 42. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.015
12. [12]
  Yamaguchi, Y.; Usuki, S.; Kanai, Y.; Yamatoya, K.; Suzuki, N.; Katsumata, K.; Terashima, C.; Suzuki, T.; Fujishima, A.; Sakai, H.; et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 31393. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07786 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07786
13. [13]
  Guo, S.; Tang, Y.; Xie, Y.; Tian, C.; Feng, Q.; Zhou, W.; Jiang, B. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 218, 664. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.022 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.022
14. [14]
  Weon, S.; Kim, J.; Choi, W. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 220, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.036 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.036
15. [15]
  Liu, J.; Zhang, C.; Ma, B.; Yang, T.; Gu, X.; Wang, X.; Zhang, J.; Hu, C. Nano Energy. 2017, 38, 271. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.052 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.052
16. [16]
  Wang, B.; Di, J.; Zhang, P.; Xia, J.; Dai, S.; Li, H. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 206, 127. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.049 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.049
17. [17]
  Wang, B.; Di, J.; Liu, G.; Yin, S.; Xia, J.; Zhang, Q.; Li, H. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2017, 507, 310. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.094 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.094
18. [18]
  Teixeira, I. F.; Barbosa, E. C. M.; Tsang, S. C. E.; Camargo, P. H. C. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7783. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00479j doi: 10.1039/c8cs00479j
19. [19]
  Huang, D.; Yan, X.; Yan, M.; Zeng, G.; Zhou, C.; Wan, J.; Cheng, M.; Xue, W. ACS Appl Mater Inter. 2018, 10, 21035. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b03620 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b03620
20. [20]
  Yu, H.; Shi, R.; Zhao, Y.; Bian, T.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, C.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Wu, L.; Tung, C.; Zhang, T. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 160514816. doi: 10.1002/adma.201605148 doi: 10.1002/adma.201605148
21. [21]
  Zhou, C.; Shi, R.; Shang, L.; Wu, L.; Chen-Ho, T.; Tierui, Z. Nano Res. 2018, 11, 3462. doi: 10.1007/s12274-018-2003-2 doi: 10.1007/s12274-018-2003-2
22. [22]
  Han, C.; Li, J.; Ma, Z.; Xie, H.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Ye, L.; Zhang, T. Sci. China Mater. 2018, 61, 1159. doi: 10.1007/s40843-018-9245-y doi: 10.1007/s40843-018-9245-y
23. [23]
  Zhao, H.; Ding, X.; Zhang, B.; Li, Y.; Wang, C. Sci. Bull. 2017, 62, 602. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.005 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.005
24. [24]
  Xia, P.; Antonietti, M.; Zhu, B.; Heil, T.; Yu, J.; Cao, S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1900093. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201900093 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201900093
25. [25]
  Wu, M.; Zhang, J.; He, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, R.; Gong, Y. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2019, 241, 159. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.037 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.037
26. [26]
  Xu, Y.; Ge, F.; Chen, Z.; Huang, S.; Wei, W.; Xie, M.; Xu, H.; Li, H. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2019, 469, 739. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.062 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.062
27. [27]
  Cao, S.; Huang, Q.; Zhu, B.; Yu, J. J. Power Sources. 2017, 351, 151. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.089 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.089
28. [28]
  Zheng, Y.; Lin, L.; Wang, B.; Wang, X. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2015, 54, 12868. doi: 10.1002/anie.201501788 doi: 10.1002/anie.201501788
29. [29]
  Yang, L.; Li, H.; Yu, Y.; Yu, H.Catal. Commun. 2018, 110, 51. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.03.014 doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.03.014
30. [30]
  Jiang, L.; Yuan, X.; Pan, Y.; Liang, J.; Zeng, G.; Wu, Z.; Wang, H. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2017, 217, 388. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.003 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.003
31. [31]
  Jiang, J.; Cao, S.; Hu, C.; Chen, C. Chin. J. Catal. 2017, 38, 1981. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62936-X doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62936-X
32. [32]
  Zhang, H.; Guo, L.; Wang, D.; Zhao, L.; Wan, B. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2015, 7, 1816. doi: 10.1021/am507483q doi: 10.1021/am507483q
33. [33]
  Yan, Y.; Yu, Y.; Huang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, X.; Yin, S.; Cao, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 1089. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07180 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07180
34. [34]
  Mao, Z.; Chen, J.; Yang, Y.; Wang, D.; Bie, L.; Fahlman, B. D. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 12427. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b00370 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b00370
35. [35]
  Wang, X.; Maeda, K.; Thomas, A.; Takanabe, K.; Xin, G.; Carlsson, J. M.; Domen, K.; Antonietti, M. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 76. doi: 10.1038/NMAT2317 doi: 10.1038/NMAT2317
36. [36]
  Tian, N.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X.; Xiao, K.; Du, X.; Dong, F.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Zhang, T.; Huang, H. Nano Energy 2017, 38, 72. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.038 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.038
37. [37]
  Sun, Z.; Zhu, M.; Fujitsuka, M.; Wang, A.; Shi, C.; Majima, T. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 30583. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b06386 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b06386
38. [38]
  Kong, C.; Tang, L.; Zhang, X.; Sun, S.; Yang, S.; Song, X.; Yang, Z. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2014, 2, 7306. doi: 10.1039/c4ta00703d doi: 10.1039/c4ta00703d
39. [39]
  Wang, W.; Li, G.; An, T.; Chan, D. K. L.; Yu, J. C.; Wong, P. K. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2018, 238, 126. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.004 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.004
40. [40]
  Zheng, Y.; Liu, J.; Liang, J.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Energy Environ Sci. 2012, 5, 6717. doi: 10.1039/C2EE03479D doi: 10.1039/C2EE03479D
41. [41]
  Akbarzadeh, R.; Fung, C. S. L.; Rather, R. A.; Lo, I. M. C. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 341, 248. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.02.042 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.02.042
1. [1]
  Kai Han , Guohui Dong , Ishaaq Saeed , Tingting Dong , Chenyang Xiao . Morphology and photocatalytic tetracycline degradation of g-C3N4 optimized by the coal gangue. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100208-100208. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100208
2. [2]
  Li Li , Fanpeng Chen , Bohang Zhao , Yifu Yu . Understanding of the structural evolution of catalysts and identification of active species during CO₂ conversion. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109240-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109240
3. [3]
  Lang Gao , Cen Zhou , Rui Wang , Feng Lan , Bohang An , Xiaozhou Huang , Xiao Zhang . Unveiling inverse vulcanized polymers as metal-free, visible-light-driven photocatalysts for cross-coupling reactions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108832-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108832
4. [4]
  Chao-Long Chen , Rong Chen , La-Sheng Long , Lan-Sun Zheng , Xiang-Jian Kong . Anchoring heterometallic cluster on P-doped carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in water and air ambient. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108795-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108795
5. [5]
  Lei Shen , Yang Zhang , Linlin Zhang , Chuanwang Liu , Zhixian Ma , Kangjiang Liang , Chengfeng Xia . Phenylhydrazone anions excitation for the photochemical carbonylation of aryl iodides with aldehydes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108742-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108742
6. [6]
  Feng Cui , Fangman Chen , Xiaochun Xie , Chenyang Guo , Kai Xiao , Ziping Wu , Yinglu Chen , Junna Lu , Feixia Ruan , Chuanxu Cheng , Chao Yang , Dan Shao . Scalable production of mesoporous titanium nanoparticles through sequential flash nanocomplexation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108681-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108681
7. [7]
  Haojie Song , Laiyu Luo , Siyu Wang , Guo Zhang , Baojiang Jiang . Advances in poly(heptazine imide)/poly(triazine imide) photocatalyst. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109347-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109347
8. [8]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . 两步焙烧法制备大比表面积和结晶性增强超薄g-C₃N₄纳米片及其高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
9. [9]
  Liang Ma , Zhou Li , Zhiqiang Jiang , Xiaofeng Wu , Shixin Chang , Sónia A. C. Carabineiro , Kangle Lv . Effect of precursors on the structure and photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 for NO oxidation and CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(11): 100416-100416. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100416
10. [10]
  Yi Liu , Zhe-Hao Wang , Guan-Hua Xue , Lin Chen , Li-Hua Yuan , Yi-Wen Li , Da-Gang Yu , Jian-Heng Ye . Photocatalytic dicarboxylation of strained C–C bonds with CO₂ via consecutive visible-light-induced electron transfer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109138-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109138
11. [11]
  Zhi Zhu , Xiaohan Xing , Qi Qi , Wenjing Shen , Hongyue Wu , Dongyi Li , Binrong Li , Jialin Liang , Xu Tang , Jun Zhao , Hongping Li , Pengwei Huo . Fabrication of graphene modified CeO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100194-100194. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100194
12. [12]
  Ping Lu , Baoyin Du , Ke Liu , Ze Luo , Abiduweili Sikandaier , Lipeng Diao , Jin Sun , Luhua Jiang , Yukun Zhu . Heterostructured In2O3/In2S3 hollow fibers enable efficient visible-light driven photocatalytic hydrogen production and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100361-100361. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100361
13. [13]
  Jianyin He , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . ZnCoP/CdLa₂S₄肖特基异质结的构建促进光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2404030-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404030
14. [14]
  Qiongqiong Wan , Yanan Xiao , Guifang Feng , Xin Dong , Wenjing Nie , Ming Gao , Qingtao Meng , Suming Chen . Visible-light-activated aziridination reaction enables simultaneous resolving of C=C bond location and the sn-position isomers in lipids. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108775-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108775
15. [15]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
16. [16]
  Kaihui Huang , Boning Feng , Xinghua Wen , Lei Hao , Difa Xu , Guijie Liang , Rongchen Shen , Xin Li . Effective photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by Ti3C2-modified CdS synergized with N-doped C-coated Cu2O in S-scheme heterojunctions. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100204-100204. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100204
17. [17]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
18. [18]
  Min WANG , Dehua XIN , Yaning SHI , Wenyao ZHU , Yuanqun ZHANG , Wei ZHANG . Construction and full-spectrum catalytic performance of multilevel Ag/Bi/nitrogen vacancy g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x Schottky junction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1123-1134. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230477
19. [19]
  Jianyu Qin , Yuejiao An , Yanfeng Zhang . In Situ Assembled ZnWO₄/g-C₃N₄ S-Scheme Heterojunction with Nitrogen Defect for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408002
20. [20]
  Mengjun Zhao , Yuhao Guo , Na Li , Tingjiang Yan . Deciphering the structural evolution and real active ingredients of iron oxides in photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100348-100348. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100348

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(8)
Abstract views(448)
HTML views(27)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Cu2+ Modified g-C3N4 Photocatalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Cu²⁺ Modified g-C₃N₄ Photocatalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties