Citation: HU Jiangtao, ZHENG Jiaxin, PAN Feng. Research Progress into the Structure and Performance of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2019, 35(4): 361-370. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201805102 shu

Research Progress into the Structure and Performance of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China

Corresponding author: PAN Feng, panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn
Received Date: 23 April 2018
Revised Date: 7 May 2018
Accepted Date: 7 May 2018
Available Online: 10 April 2018
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Materials Genome Project, China (2016YFB0700600) and Guangdong Innovation Team Project, China (2013N080)Guangdong Innovation Team Project, China 2013N080the National Materials Genome Project, China 2016YFB0700600

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) possess many virtues, such as low weight, a high energy density, and a long service life, and are regarded as an essential component of a low-carbon economy. Nowadays, LIBs are widely used in consumer electronics, as well as military and aviation products, and are the focus of significant research in the emerging field of energy materials. The cathode material is one of the most important parts of the LIB; its electrochemical performance plays an important role in the battery voltage, power/energy density, cycle life, and safety. LiFePO₄ is a superior cathode material compared to spinel manganite (LiMn₂O₄) and layered lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (LiMO₂ (M = Mn, Co, Ni)), and LiFePO₄ has many advantages, such as excellent thermal stability, cycling performance, economic viability, and environmental friendliness. The theoretical diffusion coefficient of LiFePO₄ is 10⁻⁸ cm²∙s⁻¹, which is sufficient for Li⁺ de-intercalation in nanoparticles. However, the one-dimensional transport channels are easily blocked by structural defects, resulting in a lower diffusion coefficient and poor rate performance. The electronic conductivity of LiFePO₄ is about 10⁻⁸ S∙cm⁻¹, and this also limits the rate performance. Moreover, the low-temperature performance, low yield, and patent problems are also significant problems facing LiFePO₄. In contrast, the stability and cost are not significant limitations to more extensive applications; rather, it is the energy density and power density that must be improved. To meet the above demands, in-depth research on the factors affecting the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ is required. Many factors affect the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄, such as the synthetic method, particle size, electrolyte environment, electrode structure, and temperature. Based on the current state of research into LiFePO₄, we have focused our review on the following three aspects: the characteristics of the nanoparticles, interface environment of the material, and the electrode structure. Finally, we summarize the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ cathode materials: (1) the bulk phase characteristics of the material (phase structure, doping, nanocrystallization, defects, and lithium-ion transport mechanism), (2) interface structure and interface reconstruction under different electrolyte environments, and (3) the electrode structure. Our conclusions have great significance for future research.
- Lithium Ion Battery,
- Cathode Materials,
- LiFePO₄,
- Structure,
- Performance
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Research Progress into the Structure and Performance of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials