Citation: BAI Xue-Jun, HOU Min, LIU Chan, WANG Biao, CAO Hui, WANG Dong. 3D SnO₂/Graphene Hydrogel Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2017, 33(2): 377-385. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201610272 shu

3D SnO₂/Graphene Hydrogel Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery

BAI Xue-Jun ^1, ,
HOU Min ¹ ,
LIU Chan ¹ ,
WANG Biao ² ,
CAO Hui ^1,3 ,
WANG Dong ^1,3

1.
Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology LTD, Shanghai 201615, P. R. China;
2.
College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China;
3.
Shanghai Institute of Space Power Source, Shanghai 200245, P. R. China

Received Date: 26 September 2016
Revised Date: 26 October 2016

Fund Project: The project was supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Plan, China (15DZ1201001, 16111106001).

With the widespread use of mobile electronic devices and increasing demand for electric energy storage in the transportation and energy sectors, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a major research and development focus in recent years. The current generation of LIBs use graphite as the anode material, which has a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh·g^-1. Tin-based materials are considered promising anode materials for next-generation LIBs because of their favorable working voltage and unsurpassed theoretical specific capacity. However, overcoming the rapid storage capacity degradation of tin caused by its large volumetric changes (>200%) during cycling remains a major challenge to the successful implementation of such materials. In this paper, SnO₂ nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm were used as active materials in LIB anodes and a threedimensional (3D) graphene hydrogel (GH) was used as a buffer to decrease the volumetric change. Typically, SnCl4 aqueous solution (18 mL, 6.4 mmol·L^-1) and graphene oxide (GO) suspension (0.5% (w, mass fraction), 2 mL) were mixed together via sonication. NaOH aqueous solution (11.4 mmol·L^-1, 40 mL) was slowly added and then the mixture was stirred for 2 h to obtain a stable suspension. Vitamin C (VC, 80 mg) was then added as a reductant. The mixture was kept at 80℃ for 24 h to reduce and self-assemble. The resulting black block was washed repeatedly with distilled deionized water and freeze-dried to obtain SnO₂-GH. In this composite, GH provides large specific surface area for efficient loading (54% (w)) and uniform distribution of nanoparticles. SnO₂-GH delivered a capacity of 500 mAh·g^-1 at 5000 mA·g^-1 and 865 mAh·g^-1 at 50 mA·g^-1 after rate cycling.This outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the 3D structure of GH, which provides large internal space to accommodate volumetric changes, an electrically conducting structural porous network, a large amount of lithium-ion diffusion channels, fast electron transport kinetics, and excellent penetration of electrolyte solution. This study demonstrates that 3D GH is a potential carbon matrix for LIBs.
- Graphene hydrogel,
- SnO₂,
- Lithium-ion battery,
- Anode,
- Three-dimension
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3D SnO₂/Graphene Hydrogel Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery