Citation: GU Gao-Chen, LI Na, ZHANG Xue, HOU Shi-Min, WANG Yong-Feng, WU Kai. Sierpiński Triangle Fractal Structures Investigated by STM[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2016, 32(1): 195-200. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511261 shu

Sierpiński Triangle Fractal Structures Investigated by STM

GU Gao-Chen ¹ ,
LI Na ¹ ,
ZHANG Xue ¹ ,
HOU Shi-Min ^1,, ,
WANG Yong-Feng ^1,2,, ,
WU Kai ^3,,

1.
1 Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China;
2.
2 Beida Information Research (BIR), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China;
3.
3 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

Corresponding author: HOU Shi-Min, WANG Yong-Feng, WU Kai,
Received Date: 27 October 2015
Available Online: 26 November 2015
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(21522301,21373020,21403008,61321001,21433011,21133001,913000002) (21522301,21373020,21403008,61321001,21433011,21133001,913000002)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2014CB239302,2013CB933404,2011CB808702) (973)(2014CB239302,2013CB933404,2011CB808702)高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130001110029)资助 (20130001110029)

Self-similar fractals have been extensively investigated because of their importance in mathematics and aesthetics. Chemists have attempted to synthesize various molecular fractal structures through sophisticated design. But because of poor solubility, synthesis of defect-free fractals with large sizes in solution usually proves difficult. Recently, we reported the formation of extended and defect-free Sierpiński triangle fractals by halogen or coordination bonds on surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Their growth mechanism has been systematically studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Using 4,4"'-dibromo- 1,1':3',1":4",1"'-quaterphenyl molecules, a series of Sierpiński triangles were successfully prepared on Ag(111) through self-assembly. A slow cooling rate is crucial for growing fractals of higher order. These fractals are only observed below liquid-nitrogen temperature because of the weak interactions in halogen bonds. More stable metal-organic Sierpiński triangles were fabricated by depositing 4,4″-dicyano-1,1':3',1″-terphenyl molecules and Fe atoms on Au(111) and annealing at around 100 °C for 10 min. The fractals are stabilized through coordination interaction between Fe atoms and N atoms in molecules. Density functional theory calculations revealed their imaging mechanism. Monte Carlo simulations displayed the formation process of surface-supported fractal structures. Three-fold nodes are believed to dominate the structure formation of Sierpiński triangles.
- Fractal,
- Sierpiń,
- ski triangles,
- Self-assembly,
- Surface science
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