Citation: SUN Xiao-Fei, XU You-Long, ZHENG Xiao-Yu, MENG Xiang-Fei, DING Peng, REN Hang, LI Long. Triple-Cation-Doped Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2015, 31(8): 1513-1520. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201506082 shu

Triple-Cation-Doped Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

SUN Xiao-Fei ^1,2, ,
XU You-Long ^1,2 ,
ZHENG Xiao-Yu ^1,2 ,
MENG Xiang-Fei ^1,2 ,
DING Peng ^1,2,3 ,
REN Hang ^1,2 ,
LI Long ^1,2

1.
1. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China;
2. International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China;
3. Staff Room of Power, Wuhan Ordnance Non-Commissioned Officer Academy, Wuhan 430075, P. R. China

Received Date: 3 February 2015
Available Online: 8 June 2015
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(21343011) (21343011) 陕西省自然科学基金(2014JQ2-2007) (2014JQ2-2007) 111引智计划(B14040) (B14040)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(xjj2014044)资助项目 (xjj2014044)

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and its triple-cation-doped counterpart Li_2.85Na_0.15V_1.9Al_0.1(PO₄)_2.9F_0.1 were prepared by a conventional sol-gel method. The effect of Na-Al-F co-doping on the physicochemical properties, especially the electrochemical performance of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that combined with surface coating from residual carbon, this triple-cation co-doping stabilizes the crystalline structure of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, suppresses secondary particle agglomeration, and improves the electric conductivity. Moreover, reversible deinsertion/insertion of the third lithium ion at deeper charge/discharge is enabled by such doping. As a consequence, the practical electrochemical performance of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is significantly improved. The specific capacity of the doped material at a low rate of 1/9C is 172 mAh·g^-1 and it maintains 115 mAh·g^-1 at a rate of 14C, while the specific capacities of the undoped sample at 1/9C and 6C are only 141 and 98 mAh·g^-1, respectively. After 300 cycles at 1C rate, the doped material has a capacity of 118 mAh·g^-1, which is 32.6% higher than that of the undoped counterpart. It is also noteworthy that the multiplateau discharge curve of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ transforms to a slope-like curve, indicating the possibility of a different lithium intercalation mechanism after this co-doping.
- Lithium vanadium phosphate,
- Doping,
- Sol-gel,
- Cathode material,
- Lithiumion battery,
- E nergy storage
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Triple-Cation-Doped Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries