Citation: ZHAO Wei-Rong, SHI Qiao-Meng, LIU Ying. Performance, Deactivation and Regeneration of SnO₂/TiO₂ Nanotube Composite Photocatalysts[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2014, 30(7): 1318-1324. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201404222 shu

Performance, Deactivation and Regeneration of SnO₂/TiO₂ Nanotube Composite Photocatalysts

1.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China

Received Date: 26 January 2014
Available Online: 22 April 2014
Fund Project:

SnO₂/TiO₂ nanotube composite photocatalysts were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal and micro-emulsion methods. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDX), and electrochemical techniques. Toluene was chosen as a model pollutant to evaluate the performance, deactivation, and regeneration behavior of the photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The results show that ternary heterojunctions of SnO₂/TiO₂ nanotube composite photocatalysts including anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂)/rutile TiO₂ (R-TiO₂), A-TiO₂/SnO₂, and R-TiO₂/SnO₂ were successfully created. They were able to separate photogenerated electron-hole pairs efficiently, and promote photocatalytic activity accordingly. SnO₂/TiO₂ showed the best photocatalytic performance. Under UV or VUV irradiation, the toluene degradation rate of SnO₂/TiO₂ was 100%, and the CO₂ formation rate (k₂) of SnO₂/TiO₂ was approximately 3 times higher than that of P25. Because of the low mineralization rate under UV irradiation, the refractory intermediates generated can occupy active photocatalytic sites on the photocatalyst surface, which hinders the photocatalytic oxidation rate. After 20 h of UV irradiation, the k₂ of SnO₂/TiO₂ decreased from 138.5 to 76.1 mg·m^-3·h^-1, implying that the photocatalysts can be deactivated quickly. VUV irradiation was employed to regenerate the deactivated SnO₂/SnO₂/TiO₂ nanotube composite photocatalysts were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal and micro-emulsion methods. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDX), and electrochemical techniques. Toluene was chosen as a model pollutant to evaluate the performance, deactivation, and regeneration behavior of the photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The results show that ternary heterojunctions of SnO₂/TiO₂ nanotube composite photocatalysts including anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂)/rutile TiO₂ (R-TiO₂), A-TiO₂/SnO₂, and R-TiO₂/SnO₂ were successfully created. They were able to separate photogenerated electron-hole pairs efficiently, and promote photocatalytic activity accordingly. SnO₂/TiO₂ showed the best photocatalytic performance. Under UV or VUV irradiation, the toluene degradation rate of SnO₂/TiO₂ was 100%, and the CO₂ formation rate (k₂) of SnO₂/TiO₂ was approximately 3 times higher than that of P25. Because of the low mineralization rate under UV irradiation, the refractory intermediates generated can occupy active photocatalytic sites on the photocatalyst surface, which hinders the photocatalytic oxidation rate. After 20 h of UV irradiation, the k₂ of SnO₂/TiO₂ decreased from 138.5 to 76.1 mg·m^-3·h^-1, implying that the photocatalysts can be deactivated quickly. VUV irradiation was employed to regenerate the deactivated SnO₂/TiO₂ because reactive species such as ·OH, O₂^-·, O(¹D), O(³P), and O₃ can be generated. These play an important role in the oxidation of refractory intermediates on the photocatalyst surface, and k₂ increased to 143.6 mg·m^-3·h^-1 accordingly. Therefore, UV photodegradation combined with VUV regeneration could be a feasible photocatalytic process because of a synergistic effect between UV and VUV.
- Heterojunction,
- Vacuum ultraviolet,
- Toluene,
- Electron-hole pair,
- Photocatalytic activity
1. [1]
  
  (1) Wang, C. H.; Shao, C. L.; Zhang, X. T.; Liu, Y. C. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 7261. doi: 10.1021/ic9005983
2. [2]
  (2) Chang, S. Y.; Chen, S. F.; Huang, Y. C. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 1600. doi: 10.1021/jp109103a
3. [3]
  (3) Zhou, X. F.; Cao, J. L.; Xu, M. F.;Wang, Z. S.; Lu, J. Mater. Res. Bull. 2013, 48, 4942. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull. 2013.07.031
4. [4]
  (4) Wu, L.; Xing, J.; Hou, Y.; Xiao, F. Y.; Li, Z.; Yang, H. G. Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 8688. doi: 10.1002/chem.201390096
5. [5]
  (5) Smith,W.;Wolcott, A.; Fitzmorris, R. C.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhao, Y. P. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 10792. doi: 10.1039/c1jm11629k
6. [6]
  (6) Su, C. Y.; Shao, C. L.; Liu, Y. C. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 346, 324. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.027
7. [7]
  (7) Wu, Z. Y.; Zhao, G. H.; Zhang, Y. N.; Tian, H. Y.; Li, D. M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 12829. doi: 10.1021/jp300374s
8. [8]
  (8) Chaguetmi, S.; Mammeri, F.; Nowak, S.; Decorse, P.; Lecoq, H.; Gaceur, M.; Naceur, J. B.; Achour, S.; Chtourou, R.; Ammar, S. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 2572. doi: 10.1039/c2ra21684a
9. [9]
  (9) Jovi, F.; Tomaši, V.; Davidson, A.; Nogier, J. P.; Li,W.; Kosar, V. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 2013, 27, 37.
10. [10]
  (10) Mo, J. H.; Zhang, Y. P.; Xu, Q. J.; Lamson, J. J.; Zhao, R. Y. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43, 2229. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.034
11. [11]
  (11) Jeong, J. Y.; Sekiguchi, K.; Sakamoto, K. Chemosphere 2004, 57, 663. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.037
12. [12]
  (12) Huang, H. B.; Leung, D. Y. C.; Li, G. S.; Leung, M. K. H.; Fu, X. L. Catal. Today 2011, 175, 310. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.04.015
13. [13]
  (13) Zhao,W. R.; Yang, Y. N.; Dai, J. S.; Liu, F. F.;Wang, Y. Chemosphere 2013, 91, 1002. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.086
14. [14]
  (14) Chen, S. H.; Xu, Y.; Lu, B. L.;Wu, D. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2011, 27, 2933. [陈淑海, 徐耀, 吕宝亮, 吴东. 物理化学学报, 2011, 27, 2933.]
15. [15]
  (15) Ou, H. H.; Lo, S. L.; Liao, C. H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 4000. doi: 10.1021/jp1076005
16. [16]
  (16) Zhang, H.; Li, G. R.; An, L. P.; Yan, T. Y.; Gao, X. P.; Zhu, H. Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 6143. doi:10.1021/jp0702595
17. [17]
  (17) Zhao,W. R.;Wang, Y.; Yang, Y. N.; Tang, J.; Yang, Y. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2012, 115, 90.
18. [18]
  (18) Dong, L. F.; Gari, R. R. S.; Li, Z.; Craig, M. M.; Hou, S. F. Carbon 2010, 48, 781. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.10.027
19. [19]
  (19) Tang, Z. R.; Li, F.; Zhang, Y. H.; Fu, X. Z.; Xu, Y. J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 7880. doi: 10.1021/jp1115838
20. [20]
  (20) Debono, O.; Thevenet, F.; Gravejat, P.; Hequet, V.; Raillard, C.; Lecoq, L. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011, 106, 600. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.06.021
21. [21]
  (21) Jankulovska, M.; Berger, T.; Lana-Villarreal, T.; Gómez, R. Electrochim. Acta 2012, 62, 172. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.016
22. [22]
  (22) Komaguchi, K.; Nakano, H.; Araki, A.; Harima, Y. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 428, 338. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.003
23. [23]
  (23) Xing, M. Y.; Zhang, J. L.; Chen, F.; Tian, B. Z. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4947. doi: 10.1039/c1cc10537j
24. [24]
  (24) Zhao, L.; Ran, J. R.; Shu, Z.; Dai, G. T.; Zhai, P. C.;Wang, S. M. Int. J. Photoenergy 2012, 2012, 1. doi: 10.1155/2012/472958
25. [25]
  (25) Huang, H. B.; Li,W. B. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011, 102, 449. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.12.025
26. [26]
  (26) Zhao,W. R.; Dai, J. S.; Liu, F. F.; Bao, J. Z.;Wang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. N.; Zhao, D. Y. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 438, 201. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.081
1. [1]
  Ke Li , Chuang Liu , Jingping Li , Guohong Wang , Kai Wang . 钛酸铋/氮化碳无机有机复合S型异质结纯水光催化产过氧化氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2403009-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403009
2. [2]
  Yujia LI , Tianyu WANG , Fuxue WANG , Chongchen WANG . Direct Z-scheme MIL-100(Fe)/BiOBr heterojunctions: Construction and photo-Fenton degradation for sulfamethoxazole. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 481-495. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230314
3. [3]
  Yuanyin Cui , Jinfeng Zhang , Hailiang Chu , Lixian Sun , Kai Dai . Rational Design of Bismuth Based Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2405016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405016
4. [4]
  Jianyin He , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . ZnCoP/CdLa₂S₄肖特基异质结的构建促进光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2404030-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404030
5. [5]
  Juntao Yan , Liang Wei . 2D S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312024
6. [6]
  Qiang ZHAO , Zhinan GUO , Shuying LI , Junli WANG , Zuopeng LI , Zhifang JIA , Kewei WANG , Yong GUO . Cu₂O/Bi₂MoO₆ Z-type heterojunction: Construction and photocatalytic degradation properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 885-894. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230435
7. [7]
  Zhengyu Zhou , Huiqin Yao , Youlin Wu , Teng Li , Noritatsu Tsubaki , Zhiliang Jin . Synergistic Effect of Cu-Graphdiyne/Transition Bimetallic Tungstate Formed S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312010-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312010
8. [8]
  Yuejiao An , Wenxuan Liu , Yanfeng Zhang , Jianjun Zhang , Zhansheng Lu . Revealing Photoinduced Charge Transfer Mechanism of SnO₂/BiOBr S-Scheme Heterostructure for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407021
9. [9]
  Chenye An , Abiduweili Sikandaier , Xue Guo , Yukun Zhu , Hua Tang , Dongjiang Yang . 红磷纳米颗粒嵌入花状CeO₂分级S型异质结高效光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2405019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405019
10. [10]
  Tong Zhou , Xue Liu , Liang Zhao , Mingtao Qiao , Wanying Lei . Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production and Cr(VI) Reduction over a Hierarchical Ti₃C₂/In₄SnS₈ Schottky Junction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309020
11. [11]
  Xiutao Xu , Chunfeng Shao , Jinfeng Zhang , Zhongliao Wang , Kai Dai . Rational Design of S-Scheme CeO₂/Bi₂MoO₆ Microsphere Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309031-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309031
12. [12]
  Shijie Li , Ke Rong , Xiaoqin Wang , Chuqi Shen , Fang Yang , Qinghong Zhang . Design of Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2403005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
13. [13]
  Kaihui Huang , Dejun Chen , Xin Zhang , Rongchen Shen , Peng Zhang , Difa Xu , Xin Li . Constructing Covalent Triazine Frameworks/N-Doped Carbon-Coated Cu₂O S-Scheme Heterojunctions for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407020
14. [14]
  Yufang GAO , Nan HOU , Yaning LIANG , Ning LI , Yanting ZHANG , Zelong LI , Xiaofeng LI . Nano-thin layer MCM-22 zeolite: Synthesis and catalytic properties of trimethylbenzene isomerization reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1079-1087. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240036
15. [15]
  Wenjiang LI , Pingli GUAN , Rui YU , Yuansheng CHENG , Xianwen WEI . C₆₀-MoP-C nanoflowers van der Waals heterojunctions and its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 771-781. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230289
16. [16]
  You Wu , Chang Cheng , Kezhen Qi , Bei Cheng , Jianjun Zhang , Jiaguo Yu , Liuyang Zhang . ZnO/D-A共轭聚合物S型异质结高效光催化产H₂O₂及其电荷转移动力学研究. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406027-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406027
17. [17]
  Jiaxing Cai , Wendi Xu , Haoqiang Chi , Qian Liu , Wa Gao , Li Shi , Jingxiang Low , Zhigang Zou , Yong Zhou . 具有0D/2D界面的InOOH/ZnIn₂S₄空心球S型异质结用于增强光催化CO₂转化性能. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407002
18. [18]
  Kexin Dong , Chuqi Shen , Ruyu Yan , Yanping Liu , Chunqiang Zhuang , Shijie Li . Integration of Plasmonic Effect and S-Scheme Heterojunction into Ag/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₅ Photocatalyst for Boosted Photocatalytic Levofloxacin Degradation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2310013-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310013
19. [19]
  Qianqian Liu , Xing Du , Wanfei Li , Wei-Lin Dai , Bo Liu . Synergistic Effects of Internal Electric and Dipole Fields in SnNb₂O₆/Nitrogen-Enriched C₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2311016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311016
20. [20]
  Changjun You , Chunchun Wang , Mingjie Cai , Yanping Liu , Baikang Zhu , Shijie Li . 引入内建电场强化BiOBr/C₃N₅ S型异质结中光载流子分离以实现高效催化降解微污染物. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407014-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407014

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(743)
Abstract views(588)
HTML views(10)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Performance, Deactivation and Regeneration of SnO2/TiO2 Nanotube Composite Photocatalysts

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Performance, Deactivation and Regeneration of SnO₂/TiO₂ Nanotube Composite Photocatalysts