Citation: LIU Jian-Xin, WANG Yun-Fang, WANG Ya-Wen, FAN Cai-Mei. Synthesis, Regeneration and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ Hybrid Photocatalysts[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2014, 30(4): 729-737. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201402243 shu

Synthesis, Regeneration and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ Hybrid Photocatalysts

1.
Institute of Clean Technique for Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China

Received Date: 9 December 2013
Available Online: 24 February 2014
Fund Project:

Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ (g denotes graphitic) was synthesized via an anion-exchange precipitation method, and its photocatalytic activity under visible light and regeneration with H₂O₂ and NaNH₄HPO₄ were investigated. The structural characteristics were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD results showed that the structure of the regenerated catalyst was unchanged. The FESEM and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy results showed that the Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ catalyst was composed of Ag₃PO₄ and g-C₃N₄. XPS showed that a small amount of Ag particles were present on the catalyst surface. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using phenol degradation under visible light (λ>420 nm) and the photocatalytic mechanism was discussed based on the active species during the photocatalytic process and the band structure. Experimental studies showed that the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ was higher than those of pure Ag₃PO₄ and g-C₃N₄. The high photocatalytic performance of the Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ composite can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag₃PO₄, g-C₃N₄, and a small amount of Ag⁰. Regeneration using H₂O₂ and NaNH₄HPO₄? 4H₂O fully restored the photoactivity of the catalyst, showing that this green regeneration method could make Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ an environmentally friendly catalyst for practical applications.
- Silver phosphate,
- g-C₃N₄,
- Metallic silver,
- Catalyst regeneration,
- Phenol,
- Photocatalysis
1. [1]
  
  (1) Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Nature 1972, 238 (5358), 37. doi: 10.1038/238037a0
2. [2]
  (2) Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95 (1), 49. doi: 10.1021/cr00033a003
3. [3]
  (3) Chen,W.; Dong, X. F.; Chen, Z. S.; Chen, S. Z.; Lin,W. M. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2009, 25 (6), 1107. [陈威, 董新法, 陈之善, 陈胜洲, 林维明. 物理化学学报, 2009, 25 (6), 1107.]d oi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20090624
4. [4]
  (4) Khaselev, O.; Turner, J. A. Science 1998, 280 (5362), 425. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5362.425
5. [5]
  (5) Zou, Z. G.; Ye, J. H.; Sayama, K.; Arakawa, H. Nature 2001, 414 (6864), 625. doi: 10.1038/414625a
6. [6]
  (6) Yang, Y. Q.; Zhang, G. K.; Yu, S. J.; Shen, X. Chem. Eng. J. 2010, 162 (1), 171. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.024
7. [7]
  (7) Hu, Y. F.; Li, Y. X.; Peng, S. Q.; Lü, G. X.; Li, S. B. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 2008, 24 (11), 2071. [胡元方, 李越湘, 彭绍琴, 吕功煊, 李树本. 物理化学学报, 2008, 24 (11), 2071.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20081123
8. [8]
  (8) Fan, H. B.; Zhang, D. F.; Guo, L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2012, 28 (9), 2214. [范海滨, 张东凤, 郭林. 物理化学学报, 2012, 28 (9), 2214.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201206122
9. [9]
  (9) Zhang, N.; Zhang, Y. H.; Xu, Y. J. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 5792. doi: 10.1039/c2nr31480k
10. [10]
  (10) Zhang, N.; Liu, S. Q.; Xu, Y. J. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 2227. doi: 10.1039/c2nr00009a
11. [11]
  (11) Yang, M. Q.; Xu, Y. J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 19102. doi: 10.1039/c3cp53325e
12. [12]
  (12) Yang, M. Q.;Weng, B.; Xu, Y. J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 1710. doi: 10.1039/c3ta14370h
13. [13]
  (13) Yi, Z. G.; Ye, J. H.; Kikugawa, N.; Kako, T.; Ouyang, S. X.; Stuart-Williams, H.; Yang, H.; Cao, J. Y.; Luo,W. J.; Li, Z. S.; Liu, Y.;Withers, R. L. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9 (7), 559. doi:1 0.1038/nmat2780
14. [14]
  (14) Wang, X. C.; Maeda, K.; Thomas, A.; Takanabe, K.; Xin, G.; Carlsson, J. M.; Domen, K.; Antonietti, M. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8 (1), 76. doi: 10.1038/nmat2317
15. [15]
  (15) Asahi, R.; Morikiwa, T.; Ohwaki, T.; Aoki, K.; Taga, Y. Science 2001, 293, 269. doi: 10.1126/science.1061051
16. [16]
  (16) Kudo, A.; Omori, K.; Kato, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121 (49), 11459. doi: 10.1021/ja992541y
17. [17]
  (17) Wang, Y. F.; Li, X. L.;Wang, Y.W.; Fan, C. M. J. Solid State Chem. 2013, 202, 51. doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.03.013
18. [18]
  (18) Bi, Y. P.; Ouyang, S. X.; Cao, J. Y.; Ye, J. H. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 10071. doi: 10.1039/c1cp20488b
19. [19]
  (19) Yao,W. F.; Zhang, B.; Huang, C. P.; Ma, C.; Song, X. L.; Xu, Q. J. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 4050. doi: 10.1039/c2jm14410g
20. [20]
  (20) Shen, K.; ndal, M. A.; Siddique, R. G.; Shi, S.;Wang, S. Q.; Sun, J. B.; Xu, Q. Y. Chin. J. Catal. 2014, 35 (1), 78. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60712-8
21. [21]
  (21) Zhang, L. L.; Zhang, H. C.; Huang, H.; Yang, L.; Kang, Z. H. New J. Chem. 2012, 36 (8), 1541. doi: 10.1039/c2nj40206h
22. [22]
  (22) Wang, H.; Bai, Y. S.; Yang, J. T.; Lang, X. F.; Li, J. H.; Guo, L. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18 (18), 5524. doi: 10.1002/chem.v18.18
23. [23]
  (23) ettmann, F.; Fischer, A.; Antonietti, M.; Thomas, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2006, 45 (27), 4467.
24. [24]
  (24) Shahbaz, M.; Urano, S.; LeBreton, P. R.; Rossman, M. A.; Hosmane, R. S.; Leonard, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106 (10), 2805. doi: 10.1021/ja00322a014
25. [25]
  (25) Chhor, K.; Bocquet, J. F.; Colbeau-Justin, C. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2004, 86 (1), 123. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.023
26. [26]
  (26) Hu, C.; Lan, Y. Q.; Qu, J. H.; Hu, X. X.;Wang, A. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110 (9), 4066. doi: 10.1021/jp0564400
27. [27]
  (27) Lopez-Salido, I.; Lim, D. C.; Kim, Y. D. Surf. Sci. 2005, 588 (1-3), 6.
28. [28]
  (28) Ng, H. N.; Calvo, C.; Faggiani, R. Acta Cryst. B 1978, 34 (3), 898. doi: 10.1107/S0567740878014570
29. [29]
  (29) Cao, J.; Luo, B. D.; Lin, H. L.; Xu, B. Y.; Chen, S. F. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 217 -218, 107.
30. [30]
  (30) Khan, A.; Qamar, M.; Muneer, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2012, 519 -520, 54.
31. [31]
  (31) Zhang, F. J.; Xie, F. Z.; Zhu, S. F.; Liu, J.; Zhang, J.; Mei, S. F.; Zhao,W. Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 228, 435. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.027
32. [32]
  (32) Liu, J. J.; Fu, X. L.; Chen, S. F.; Zhu, Y. F. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 99 (19), 191903/1. doi: 10.1063/1.3660319
33. [33]
  (33) Chen, L. C.; Chen, C. K.;Wei, S. L.; Bhusari, D. M.; Chen, K. H.; Chen, Y. F.; Jong, Y. C.; Huang, Y. S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 72 (19), 2463. doi: 10.1063/1.121383
34. [34]
  (34) Zhang, Q. H.; Gao, L.; Guo, J. K. Appl. Catal. B 2000, 26 (3), 207. doi: 10.1016/S0926-3373(00)00122-3
35. [35]
  (35) Liu, Y. P.; Fang, L.; Lu, H. D.; Liu, L. J.;Wang, H.; Hu, C. Z. Catal. Commun. 2012, 17, 200. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.11.001
36. [36]
  (36) Bi, Y. P.; Ouyang, S. X.; Umezawa, N.; Cao, J. Y.; Ye, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133 (17), 6490. doi: 10.1021/ja2002132
37. [37]
  (37) Zhang, N.; Liu, S. Q.; Fu, X. Z.; Xu, Y. Z. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115 (18), 9136. doi: 10.1021/jp2009989
38. [38]
  (38) Li, G. T.;Wong, K. H.; Zhang, X.W.; Hu, C.; Yu, J. C.; Chan, R. C. Y.;Wong, P. K. Chemosphere 2009, 76 (9), 1185. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.027
39. [39]
  (39) Li, Y. Y.;Wang, J. S.; Yao, H. C.; Dang, L. Y.; Li, Z. J. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2011, 334 (1-2), 116.
40. [40]
  (40) Kumar, S.; Surendar, T.; Baruahb, A.; Shanker, V. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 5333. doi: 10.1039/c3ta00186e
41. [41]
  (41) Oliveira, H. G.; Nery, D. C.; Lon , C. Appl. Catal. B 2010, 93 (3-4), 205.
42. [42]
  (42) Sobczy ski, A.; Duczmal, .; Zmudzi ski,W. J. Mol. Catal. AChem. 2004, 213 (2), 225. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.12.006
43. [43]
  (43) Peiró, A. M.; Ayllón, J. A.; Peral, J.; Doménech, X. Appl. Catal. B 2001, 30 (3-4), 359.
44. [44]
  (44) ettmann, F.; Fischer, A.; Antonietti, M.; Thomas, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2006, 45 (27) 4467.
45. [45]
  (45) Liu, Y. F.; Zhu, Y. Y.; Xu, J.; Bai, X. J.; Zong, R. L.; Zhu, Y. F. Appl. Catal. B 2013, 142 -143, 561.
46. [46]
  (46) Ma,W.; Cheng, Z. H.; Gao, Z. X.;Wang, R.;Wang, B. D.; Sun, Q. Chem. Eng. J. 2014, 241, 167. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.031
47. [47]
  (47) Lin, H. L.; Cao, J.; Luo, B. D.; Xu, B. Y.; Chen, S. F. Catal. Commun. 2012, 21, 91. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2012.02.008
1. [1]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
2. [2]
  Yingqi BAI , Hua ZHAO , Huipeng LI , Xinran REN , Jun LI . Perovskite LaCoO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction: Construction and photocatalytic degradation properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 480-490. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240259
3. [3]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
4. [4]
  Hui Wang , Abdelkader Labidi , Menghan Ren , Feroz Shaik , Chuanyi Wang . 微观结构调控的g-C₃N₄在光催化NO转化中的最新进展：吸附/活化位点的关键作用. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100039-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100039
5. [5]
  Wenda WANG , Jinku MA , Yuzhu WEI , Shuaishuai MA . Waste biomass-derived carbon modified porous graphite carbon nitride heterojunction for efficient photodegradation of oxytetracycline in seawater. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 809-822. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230353
6. [6]
  Jianyu Qin , Yuejiao An , Yanfeng Zhang . In Situ Assembled ZnWO₄/g-C₃N₄ S-Scheme Heterojunction with Nitrogen Defect for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408002
7. [7]
  Kai Han , Guohui Dong , Ishaaq Saeed , Tingting Dong , Chenyang Xiao . Morphology and photocatalytic tetracycline degradation of g-C3N4 optimized by the coal gangue. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100208-100208. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100208
8. [8]
  Guoqiang Chen , Zixuan Zheng , Wei Zhong , Guohong Wang , Xinhe Wu . 熔融中间体运输导向合成富氨基g-C₃N₄纳米片用于高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406021-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406021
9. [9]
  Guixu Pan , Zhiling Xia , Ning Wang , Hejia Sun , Zhaoqi Guo , Yunfeng Li , Xin Li . Preparation of high-efficient donor-π-acceptor system with crystalline g-C3N4 as charge transfer module for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100463-100463. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100463
10. [10]
  Hualin Jiang , Wenxi Ye , Huitao Zhen , Xubiao Luo , Vyacheslav Fominski , Long Ye , Pinghua Chen . Novel 3D-on-2D g-C₃N₄/AgI._x._y heterojunction photocatalyst for simultaneous and stoichiometric production of H₂ and H₂O₂ from water splitting under visible light. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109984-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109984
11. [11]
  Yanghanbin Zhang , Dongxiao Wen , Wei Sun , Jiahe Peng , Dezhong Yu , Xin Li , Yang Qu , Jizhou Jiang . State-of-the-art evolution of g-C3N4-based photocatalytic applications: A critical review. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(12): 100469-100469. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100469
12. [12]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . 两步焙烧法制备大比表面积和结晶性增强超薄g-C₃N₄纳米片及其高效光催化产H₂O₂. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
13. [13]
  Jingyu Cai , Xiaoyu Miao , Yulai Zhao , Longqiang Xiao . Exploratory Teaching Experiment Design of FeOOH-RGO Aerogel for Photocatalytic Benzene to Phenol. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 169-177. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311028
14. [14]
  Yadan Luo , Hao Zheng , Xin Li , Fengmin Li , Hua Tang , Xilin She . 调节O,S共掺杂C₃N₄中的活性氧生成以促进光催化降解微塑料. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100052-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100052
15. [15]
  Wenxiu Yang , Jinfeng Zhang , Quanlong Xu , Yun Yang , Lijie Zhang . Bimetallic AuCu Alloy Decorated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312014-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312014
16. [16]
  Yuchen Zhou , Huanmin Liu , Hongxing Li , Xinyu Song , Yonghua Tang , Peng Zhou . 设计热力学稳定的贵金属单原子光催化剂用于乙醇的高效非氧化转化形成高纯氢和增值产物乙醛. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100067-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100067
17. [17]
  Jianyin He , Liuyun Chen , Xinling Xie , Zuzeng Qin , Hongbing Ji , Tongming Su . ZnCoP/CdLa₂S₄肖特基异质结的构建促进光催化产氢. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2404030-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404030
18. [18]
  Tong Zhou , Xue Liu , Liang Zhao , Mingtao Qiao , Wanying Lei . Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production and Cr(VI) Reduction over a Hierarchical Ti₃C₂/In₄SnS₈ Schottky Junction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309020-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309020
19. [19]
  Shijie Li , Ke Rong , Xiaoqin Wang , Chuqi Shen , Fang Yang , Qinghong Zhang . Design of Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2403005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
20. [20]
  Xin Zhou , Zhi Zhang , Yun Yang , Shuijin Yang . A Study on the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance in C/Bi/Bi₂MoO₆ Composites by Ferroelectric Polarization: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemical Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 296-304. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310008

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(862)
Abstract views(1124)
HTML views(66)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Synthesis, Regeneration and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation of Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 Hybrid Photocatalysts

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Synthesis, Regeneration and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄ Hybrid Photocatalysts