Citation: LI Jian-Chang, WU Jun-Zhi, ZHOU Cheng, NG Xing. Latest Studies on Metal-Molecule-Metal Junctions[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2013, 29(06): 1123-1144. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201304014 shu

Latest Studies on Metal-Molecule-Metal Junctions

1.
Vacuum and Fluid Engineering Research Center, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China

Received Date: 29 January 2013
Available Online: 1 April 2013
Fund Project: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N110403001)资助项目 (N110403001)

As promising building blocks for molecular electronics, organic molecules have attracted intense research interest. Metal-molecule-metal junctions are often used as testbeds for studying organic molecules’ charge transport properties. In this article, fabrication methods, nanoscalability and addressability of these junctions are reviewed. Fabrication approaches are classified into soft contact, scanning probe microscopy, against-nanowire, crossed-wire, shadow angle evaporation and nanopore junctions. The effects of preparation method on the junction charge transport properties are systematically discussed. In general, the scanning tunneling microscopy technique is suitable for fast screening of molecular conductance, but cannot address junction that limits their in-situ temperature-dependent characterizations. The nanopore junction guarantees od control over the device size and the intrinsic contact stability, however, the nature of the electrode-molecule interface is not well understood. Shadow angle evaporation and soft contact techniques can effectively reduce the possibility of device short circuiting; however, the electrode dimensions limit potential applications. The against-nanowire method provides an easy way to fabricate addressable junctions, and if combined with the crossed-wire procedure may have potential for fabrication and three-dimensional integration of molecular junctions.
- Molecular electronics,
- Metal-molecule-metal junction,
- Charge transport,
- Self-assembly monolayer
1. [1]
  
  (1) Thompson, S. E.; Parthasarathy, S. Mater. Today 2006, 9, 20.
2. [2]
  (2) Boussaad, S.; Tao, N. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 2398. doi: 10.1063/1.1465128
3. [3]
  (3) Slowinski, K.; Majda, M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000, 491,139. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00305-3
4. [4]
  (4) Li, J. C.; Blackstock, S. C.; Szulczewski, G. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 10, 17493.
5. [5]
  (5) Vilan, A.; Cahen, D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2002, 11-12, 795.
6. [6]
  (6) Liu, Y. H.; Fan, X. L.; Yang, D. L.;Wang, C.;Wan, L. J.; Bai,C. L. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 380, 767. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.080
7. [7]
  (7) Ruppel, L.; Birkner, A.;Witte, G.; Busse, C.; Lindner, T.;Paasch, G.;Wöll, C. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 102, 033708. doi: 10.1063/1.2764027
8. [8]
  (8) Jung, T. A.; Gimzewski, S. J. K.; Tang, H.; Joachim, C.Science 1996, 271, 181. doi: 10.1126/science.271.5246.181
9. [9]
  (9) Choi, S. H.; Kim, B. S.; Frisbie, C. D. Science 2008, 320,1482. doi: 10.1126/science.1156538
10. [10]
  (10) Cui, X. D.; Primak, A.; Zarate, X.; Tomfohr, J.; Sankey, O. F.;Moore, A. L.; Moore, T. A.; Gust, D.; Nagahara, L. A.;Lindsay, S. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8609.
11. [11]
  (11) Zhou, J. F.; Chen, F.; Xu, B. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131,10439. doi: 10.1021/ja900989a
12. [12]
  (12) Park, H.; Lim, A. K. L.; Alivisatos, A. P.; Park, J.; McEuen, P.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 301. doi: 10.1063/1.124354
13. [13]
  (13) Lortscher, E.;Weber, H. B.; Riel, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98,176807. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.176807
14. [14]
  (14) Li, C. Z.; He, H. X.; Tao, N. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77,3995. doi: 10.1063/1.1332406
15. [15]
  (15) Mbindyo, J. K. N.; Mallouk, T. E.; Mattzela, J. B.;Kratochvilova, I.; Razavi, B.; Jackson, T. N.; Mayer, T. S.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 4020. doi: 10.1021/ja016696t
16. [16]
  (16) Qin, L.; Park, S.; Huang, L.; Mirkin, C. A. Science 2005, 309,113. doi: 10.1126/science.1112666
17. [17]
  (17) Amlani, I.; Rawlett, A. M.; Nagahara, L. A.; Tsui, R. K. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2002, 20, 2802. doi: 10.1116/1.1523025
18. [18]
  (18) Blum, A. S.; Kushmerick, J. G.; Pollack, S. K.; Yang, J. C.;Moore, M.; Naciri, J.; Shashidhar, R.; Ratna, B. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 18124. doi: 10.1021/jp0480854
19. [19]
  (19) Katsia, E.; Tallarida, G.; Kutrzeba-Kotowska, B.; Ferrari, S.;Bundgaard, E.; Søndergaard, R.; Krebs, F. C. Org. Electron.2008, 9, 1044. doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2008.08.010
20. [20]
  (20) Li, J. C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 473, 189. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.044
21. [21]
  (21) Austin, M. D.; Chou, S. Y. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1687. doi: 10.1021/nl034831p
22. [22]
  (22) Nijhuis, C. A.; Reus,W. F.; Barber, J. R.; Dickey, M. D.;Whitesides, G. M. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3611. doi: 10.1021/nl101918m
23. [23]
  (23) Bonifas, A. P.; McCreery, R. L. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 115,612.
24. [24]
  (24) Shamai, T.; Ophir, A.; Selzer, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91,102108. doi: 10.1063/1.2780057
25. [25]
  (25) Zhitenev, N. B.; Meng, H.; Bao, Z. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88,226801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.226801
26. [26]
  (26) Zhou, C.; Deshpande, M. R.; Reed, M. A.; Jones, L.; Tour, J.M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 611. doi: 10.1063/1.120195
27. [27]
  (27) Martin, Z. L.; Majumdar, N.; Cabral, M. J.; Gergel-Hackettn,N.; Camacho-Alanis, F.; Swami, N.; Bean, J. C.; Lloyd, R. H.;Yao, Y.; Tour, J. M.; Long, D.; Shashidhar, R. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 2009, 8, 574. doi: 10.1109/TNANO.2009.2021161
28. [28]
  (28) Kim, T.W.;Wang, G.; Lee, H.; Lee, T. Nanotechnology 2007,18, 315204. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/31/315204
29. [29]
  (29) He, J. L.; Chen, B.; Flatt, A. K.; Stephenson, J. J.; Doyle, C.D.; Tour, J. S. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 61.
30. [30]
  (30) Martin, C. A.; Ding, D. P.; van der Zant, H. S. J.; vanRuitenbeek, J. M. New J. Phys. 2008, 10, 065008. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/6/065008
31. [31]
  (31) Kervennic, Y. V.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Kouwenhoven, L. P.;van der Zant, H. S. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3782. doi: 10.1063/1.1623317
32. [32]
  (32) Yoon, H. P.; Maitani, M. M.; Cabarcos, O. M.; Cai, L.; Mayer,T. S.; Allara, D. L. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2897. doi: 10.1021/nl100982q
33. [33]
  (33) Majumdar, N.; Gergel, N.; Routenberg, D.; Bean, J. C.;Harriott, L. R.; Li, B.; Pu, L.; Yao, Y.; Tour, J. M. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2005, 23, 1417. doi: 10.1116/1.1935528
34. [34]
  (34) Slowinki, K.; Fong, H. K. Y.; Majda, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 7257. doi: 10.1021/ja991613i
35. [35]
  (35) Selzer, Y.; Salomon, A.; Cahen, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002,124, 2886. doi: 10.1021/ja0177511
36. [36]
  (36) Selzer, Y.; Cahen, D. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 508.
37. [37]
  (37) Itoh, E.; Iwamoto, M. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 85, 7239. doi: 10.1063/1.370538
38. [38]
  (38) Selzer, Y.; Salomon, A.; Cahen, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002,106, 10432. doi: 10.1021/jp026324m
39. [39]
  (39) Galperin, M.; Nitzan, A.; Sek, S.; Majda, M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, 550-551, 337.
40. [40]
  (40) Race, H. H.; Reynolds, S. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 1425.doi: 10.1021/ja01875a030
41. [41]
  (41) vonWrochem, F.; Gao, D. Q.; Scholz, F.; Nothofer, H. G.;Nelles, G.;Wessels, J. M. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 119, 618.
42. [42]
  (42) Tran, E.; Duati, M.; Ferri, V.; Müllen, K.; Zharnikov, M.;Whitesides, G. M.; Rampi, M. A. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1323.
43. [43]
  (43) Tran, E.; Cohen, A. E.; Murray, R.W.; Rampi, M. A.;Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 2141. doi: 10.1021/ja804075y
44. [44]
  (44) Haag, R.; Rampi, M. A.; Holmlin, R. E.; George, M.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7895. doi: 10.1021/ja990230h
45. [45]
  (45) Vilan, A.; Ghabboun, J.; Cahen, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003,107, 6360.
46. [46]
  (46) Moons, E.; Bruening, M.; Shanzer, A.; Beier, J.; Cahen, D.Synth. Met. 1996, 76, 245. doi: 10.1016/0379-6779(95)03463-T
47. [47]
  (47) Wu, D. G.; Ghabboun, J.; Martin, J. M. L.; Cahen, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 12011. doi: 10.1021/jp012708l
48. [48]
  (48) Shimizu, K. T.; Fabbri, J. D.; Jelincic, J. J.; Melosh, N. A. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1499.
49. [49]
  (49) Mohamed Ikram, I.; Rabinal, M. K.; Kalasad, M. N.;Mulimani, B. G. Langmuir 2009, 25, 3305. doi: 10.1021/la8035488
50. [50]
  (50) Fan, X. L.;Wang, C.; Yang, D. L .;Wan, L. J.; Bai, C. L.Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 361, 465. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00983-1
51. [51]
  (51) Liu, Y. H.; Fan, X. L.; Yang, D. L.;Wang, C.;Wan, L. J.; Bai,C. L. Langmuir 2004, 20, 855. doi: 10.1021/la0353529
52. [52]
  (52) Dhirani, A.; Lin, P. H.; Guyot-Sionnest, P.; Zehner, R.W.; Sita,L. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 106, 5249. doi: 10.1063/1.473523
53. [53]
  (53) Kelley, T.W.; Granstrom, E. L.; Frisbie, C. D. Adv. Mater.1999, 11, 261.
54. [54]
  (54) Jackel, F.;Watson, M. D.; Mullen, K.; Rabe, J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 92, 188303.
55. [55]
  (55) Wold, D. J.; Frisbie, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5549.doi: 10.1021/ja0101532
56. [56]
  (56) Reuter, M. G.; Sukharev, M.; Seideman, T. Phys. Rev. Lett.2008, 101, 208303. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.208303
57. [57]
  (57) He, H. X.; Li, C. Z.; Tao, N. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 811.doi: 10.1063/1.1335551
58. [58]
  (58) Mativetsky, J. M.; Pace, G.; Elbing, M., Rampi, M. A.; Mayor,M.; Samor, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 9192. doi: 10.1021/ja8018093
59. [59]
  (59) Kamenetska, M.; Koentopp, M.; Whalley, A. C.; Park, Y. S.;Steigerwald, M. L.; Nuckolls, C.; Hybertsen, M. S.;Venkataraman, L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 126803. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.126803
60. [60]
  (60) Xia, J. L.; Diez-Perez, I.; Tao, N. J. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1960.doi: 10.1021/nl080857a
61. [61]
  (61) Weibel, N.; B?aszczyk, A.; von Hänisch, C.; Mayor, M.;Pobelov, I.;Wandlowski, T.; Chen, F.; Tao, N. J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 136.
62. [62]
  (62) Hihath, J.; Chen, F.; Zhang, P.; Tao, N. J. J. Phys. Condes. Matter. 2007, 202, 215202.
63. [63]
  (63) Li, X. L.; Hihath, J.; Chen, F.; Masuda, T.; Zang, L.; Tao, N. J.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11535. doi: 10.1021/ja072990v
64. [64]
  (64) Fatemi, V.; Kamenetska, M.; Neaton, J. B.; Venkataraman, L.Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1988. doi: 10.1021/nl200324e
65. [65]
  (65) Zhou, J. F.; Chen, G. J.; Xu, B. Q. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114,8587. doi: 10.1021/jp101257y
66. [66]
  (66) Dulic, D.; van der Molen, S. J.; Kudernac, T.; Jonkman, H. T.;de Jong, J. J. D.; Bowden, T. N.; van Esch, J.; Feringa, B. L.;vanWees, B. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 207402. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.207402
67. [67]
  (67) Marquardt, C.W.; Grunder, S.; B?aszczyk, A.; Dehm, S.;Hennrich, F.; Lohneysen, H. v.; Mayor, M.; Krupke, R. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 230, 1.
68. [68]
  (68) Hu,W. P.; Jiang, J.; Nakashima, H.; Luo, Y.; Kashimura, Y.;Chen, K. Q.; Shuai, Z.; Furukawa, K.; Lu,W.; Liu, Y. Q.; Zhu,D. B.; Torimitsu, T. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 027801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027801
69. [69]
  (69) Moreland, J.; Ekin, J.W. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 58, 3888.
70. [70]
  (70) Muller, C. J.; Vleeming, B.; Reed, M. A.; Lambaz, J. J. S.;Haraz, R.; Jones, L.; Tour, J. M. Nanotechnology 1996, 7, 409.doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/7/4/019
71. [71]
  (71) Reed, M. A.; Zhou, C.; Muller, C. J.; Burgin, T. P.; Tour, J. M.Science 1997, 278, 252. doi: 10.1126/science.278.5336.252
72. [72]
  (72) Smit, R. H. M.; Noat, Y.; Untiedt, C.; Lang, N. D.; vanHemert, M. C.; van Ruitenbeek, J. M. Nature 2002, 419, 906.doi: 10.1038/nature01103
73. [73]
  (73) van Ruitenbeek, J. M.; Alvarez, A.; Pineyro, I.; Grahmann, C.;Joyez, P.; Devoret, M. H.; Esteve, D.; Urbina, C. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1995, 67, 108.
74. [74]
  (74) Wu, S. M.; nzalez, M. T.; Huber, R.; Grunder, S.; Mayor,M.; Shonenberger, C.; Calame, M. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008,237, 569.
75. [75]
  (75) Kiguchi, M.; Murakoshi, K. Thin Solid Films 2009, 518, 466.doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.024
76. [76]
  (76) Kiguchi, M.; Tal, O.;Wohlthat, S.; Pauly, F.; Krieger, M.;Djukic, D.; Cuevas, J. C.; van Ruitenbeek, J. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 046801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.046801
77. [77]
  (77) Dolan, G. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1977, 31, 337. doi: 10.1063/1.89690
78. [78]
  (78) Durkan, C.;Welland, M. E. Ultramicroscopy 2008, 82, 125.
79. [79]
  (79) Hadeed, F. O.; Durkan, C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 123120.doi: 10.1063/1.2785982
80. [80]
  (80) Demarchi, D.; Civera, P.; Piccinini, G.; Cocuzza, M.; Perrone,D. Electrochim. Acta 2009, 54, 6003. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.070
81. [81]
  (81) Asghar,W.; Ramachandran, P. P.; Adewumi, A.; Noor, M. R.;Iqba, S. M. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME 2010, 132,030911. doi: 10.1115/1.4001664
82. [82]
  (82) Khondaker, S. I.; Yao, Z.; Cheng, L.; Henderson, J. C.; Yao, Y.X.; Tour, J. M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 645. doi: 10.1063/1.1773915
83. [83]
  (83) Trouwborst, M. L.; van Der Molen, S. J.; vanWees, B. J. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 99, 114316. doi: 10.1063/1.2203410
84. [84]
  (84) Heersche, H. B.; de Groot, Z.; Folk, J. A.; Kouwenhoven, L.P.; van Der Zant, H. S. J.; Houck, A. A.; Labaziewicz, J.;Chuang, I. L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 017205. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017205
85. [85]
  (85) Taychatanapat, T.; Bolotin, T. K. I.; Kuemmeth, F.; Ralph, D.C. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 652. doi: 10.1021/nl062631i
86. [86]
  (86) Sutanto, J.; Smith, R. L.; Collins, S. D. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2010, 20, 045016. doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/20/4/045016
87. [87]
  (87) Cai, L. T.; Skulason, H.; Kushmerick, J. G.; Pollack, S. K.;Naciri, J.; Shashidhar, R.; Allara, D. L.; Mallouk, T. E.; Mayer,T. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 2827. doi: 10.1021/jp0361273
88. [88]
  (88) Li, C. Z.; Bo zi, A.; Huang,W.; Tao, N. J. Nanotechnology1999, 10, 221. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/10/2/320
89. [89]
  (89) Zhou,W. J.;Wei, Z. X.; Yao, J. L.; Gu, R. A. Chem. J. Chin. Univ. 2009, 30, 178. [邹文君, 魏志祥, 姚建林, 顾仁敖. 高等学校化学学报, 2009, 30, 178.]
90. [90]
  (90) Morpur , A. F.; Marcus, C. M.; Robinson, D. B. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 2084. doi: 10.1063/1.123765
91. [91]
  (91) Kashimura, Y.; Nakashima, H.; Furukawa, K.; Torimitsu, K.Thin Solid Films 2003, 438-439, 317.
92. [92]
  (92) Kim, B.; Ahn, S. J.; Park, J. G.; Lee, S. H.; Park, Y.W.;Campbell, E. E. B. Thin Solid Films 2006, 499, 196. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.06.072
93. [93]
  (93) Kim, B.; Ahn, S. J.; Park, J. G.; Lee, S. H.; Park, Y.W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 4756. doi: 10.1063/1.1821657
94. [94]
  (94) He, H. X.; Zhu, J. S.; Tao, N. J.; Nagahara, L. A.; Amlani, I.;Tsui, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7730. doi: 10.1021/ja016264i
95. [95]
  (95) Qu, D. Y.; Uosaki, K. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 17570. doi: 10.1021/jp0632135
96. [96]
  (96) Garno, J. C.; Zangmeister, C. D.; Batteas, J. D. Langmuir2007, 23, 7874. doi: 10.1021/la070015b
97. [97]
  (97) Bechelany, M.; Brodard, P.; Elias, J.; Brioude, A.; Michler, J.;Philippe, L. Langmuir 2010, 26, 14364. doi: 10.1021/la1016356
98. [98]
  (98) Zangmeister, C. D.; van Zee, R. D. Langmuir 2003, 19, 8065.doi: 10.1021/la026801s
99. [99]
  (99) Zhu, P. X.; Masuda, Y.; Koumoto, K. J. Mater. Chem. 2004,14, 976. doi: 10.1039/b311061c
100. [100]
  (100) Garno, J. C.; Yang, Y. Y.; Amro, N. A.; Cruchon-Dupeyrat, S.;Chen, S.W.; Liu, G. Y. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 389. doi: 10.1021/nl025934v
101. [101]
  (101) Martin, B. R.; Dermody, D. J.; Reiss, B. D.; Fang, M. M.;Lyon, L. A.; Natan, M. J.; Mallouk, T. E. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11,1021.
102. [102]
  (102) Smith, P. A.; Nordquist, C. D.; Jackson, T. N.; Mayer, T. S.;Martin, B. R.; Mbindyo, J.; Mallouk, T. E. Appl. Phys. Lett.2000, 77, 1399. doi: 10.1063/1.1290272
103. [103]
  (103) Menon, V. P.; Martin, C. R. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1920. doi: 10.1021/ac00109a003
104. [104]
  (104) Cai, L. T.; Cabassi, M. A.; Yoon, H.; Cabarcos, O. M.;McGuiness, C. L.; Flatt, A. K.; Allara, D. L.; Tour, J. M.;Mayer, T. S. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 2365. doi: 10.1021/nl051219k
105. [105]
  (105) Salem, A. K.; Chen, M.; Hayden, J.; Leong, K.W.; Searson, P.C. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1163. doi: 10.1021/nl049462r
106. [106]
  (106) Chen, X. D.; Yeganeh, S.; Qin, L. D.; Li, S. Z.; Xue, C.;Braunschweig, A. B.; Schatz, G. C.; Ratner, M. A.; Mirkin, C.A. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3974. doi: 10.1021/nl9018726
107. [107]
  (107) Osberg, K. D.; Schmucker, A. L.; Senesi, A. J.; Mirkin, C. A.Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 820. doi: 10.1021/nl1041534
108. [108]
  (108) Lee, B. Y.; Heo, K.; Schmucker, A. L.; Jin, H. J.; Lim, J. K.;Kim, T.; Lee, H.; Jeon, K. S.; Suh, Y. D.; Mirkin, C. A.; Hong,S. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1879. doi: 10.1021/nl204259t
109. [109]
  (109) Chen, X. D.; Jeon, Y. M.; Jang, J.W.; Qin, L. D.; Huo, F.W.;Wei,W.; Mirkin, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8166.doi: 10.1021/ja800338w
110. [110]
  (110) Klein, D. L.; McEuen, P. L.; Katari, J. E. B.; Roth, R.;Alivisatos, A. P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68 , 2574.
111. [111]
  (111) Amlani, I.; Rawlett, A. M.; Nagahara, L. A.; Tsui, R. K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 2761. doi: 10.1063/1.1469655
112. [112]
  (112) Choi, J.; Zhao, Y. H.; Zhang, D. Y.; Chien, S.; Lo, Y. H. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 995. doi: 10.1021/nl034106e
113. [113]
  (113) Long, D. P.; Patterson, C. H.; Moore, M. H.; Seferos, D. S.;Bazan, G. C.; Kushmerick, J. G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86,153105. doi: 10.1063/1.1899772
114. [114]
  (114) Dadosh, T.; rdin, Y.; Krahne, R.; Khivrich, I.; Mahalu, D.;Frydman, V.; Sperling, J.; Yacoby, A.; Bar-Joseph, I. Nature2005, 436, 677. doi: 10.1038/nature03898
115. [115]
  (115) Kushmerick, J. G.; Holt, D. B.; Pollack, S. K.; Ratner, M. A.;Yang, J. C.; Schull, T. L.; Naciri, J.; Moore, M. H.; Shashidhar,R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10654. doi: 10.1021/ja027090n
116. [116]
  (116) Kushmerick, J. G.; Naciri, J.; Yang, J. C.; Shashidhar, R. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 897. doi: 10.1021/nl034201n
117. [117]
  (117) Francis, T. L.; Mermer, O.; Veeraraghavan, G.;Wohlgenannt,M. New J. Phys. 2004, 6, 185. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/185
118. [118]
  (118) De Valladares, L. L. S.; Felix, L. L.; Dominguez, A. B.;Mitrelias, T.; Sfigakis, F.; Khondaker, S. I.; Wbarnes, C. H.;Majima, Y. Nanotechnology 2010, 21, 445304. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/44/445304
119. [119]
  (119) Li, C.; Zhang, D. H.; Liu, X. L.; Han, S.; Tang, T.; Zhou, C.W.; Fan,W.; Koehne, J.; Han, J.; Meyyappan, M.; Rawlett, A.M.; Price, D.W.; Tour, J. M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 645.doi: 10.1063/1.1541943
120. [120]
  (120) Chen, Y.; Ohlberg, D. A. A.; Li, X. M.; Stewart, D. R.;Williams, R. S.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Nielsen, K. A.; Stoddart, J. F.;Deirdre, L. O.; Anderson, E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 1610.doi: 10.1063/1.1559439
121. [121]
  (121) Chen, Y.; Jung, G. Y.; Ohlberg, D. A. A.; Li, X. M.; Stewart, D.R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Nielsen, K. A.; Stoddart, J. F.;Williams, R.S. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 462. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/14/4/311
122. [122]
  (122) Jung, G. Y.; Ganapathiappan, S.; Ohlberg, D. A. A.; Olynick,D. L.; Chen, Y.; Tong,W. M.;Williams, R. S. Nano Lett. 2004,4, 1225. doi: 10.1021/nl049487q
123. [123]
  (123) Xia, Q. F.; Yang, J. J.;Wu,W.; Li, X. M.;Williams, R. S. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2909. doi: 10.1021/nl1017157
124. [124]
  (124) Li, J. C.;Wang, D.; Ba, D. C. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116,10986. doi: 10.1021/jp300467c
125. [125]
  (125) Shen, Q.; Cao, Y.; Liu, S.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Guo, X. F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 10807.
126. [126]
  (126) Ioffe, Z.; Shama, T.; Ophir, A.; Noy, G.; Yutsis, I.; Kfir, K.;Cheshnovsky, O.; Selzer, Y. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 304, 727.
127. [127]
  (127) Zhitenev, N. B.; Erbe, A.; Bao, Z. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92,186805. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.186805
128. [128]
  (128) Wang,W. Y.; Lee, T.; Reed, M. A. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 68,035416. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035416
129. [129]
  (129) Reed, M. A.; Chen, J.; Rawlett, A. M.; Price, D.W.; Tour, J. M.Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 3735. doi: 10.1063/1.1377042
130. [130]
  (130) Chen, J.; Reed, M. A.; Rawlett, A. M.; Tour, J. M. Science1999, 286, 1550. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5444.1550
131. [131]
  (131) Majumdar, N.; Gergel-Hackettn, N.; Bean, J. C.; Harriott, L.R.; Pattanaik, G.; Zangrai, G.; Yao, Y.; Tour, J. M. Journal of Electronic Materials 2006, 35, 140. doi: 10.1007/s11664-006-0196-8
132. [132]
  (132) Gergel, N.; Majumdar, N.; Keyvanfar, K.; Swami, N.; Harriott,L. R.; Bean, J. C.; Gyana, P.; Giovanni, Z.; Yao, Y.; Tour, J. M.J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2005, 23, 880. doi: 10.1116/1.1931687
133. [133]
  (133) Kalinowski, J. J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. 1999, 32, 179.
134. [134]
  (134) Hutchison, G. R.; Ratner, M. A.; Marks, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16866. doi: 10.1021/ja0533996
135. [135]
  (135) Chen, J.; Calvet, L. C.; Reed, M. A.; Carr, D.W.; Grubisha, D.S.; Bennett, D.W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 313, 741. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01060-X
136. [136]
  (136) DiBenedetto, S. A.; Facchetti, A.; Ratner, M. A.; Marks, T. J.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 7158. doi: 10.1021/ja9013166
137. [137]
  (137) Nijhuis, C. A.; Reus,W. F.; Barber, J. R.; Whitesides, G. M.J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 14139. doi: 10.1021/jp303072a
138. [138]
  (138) Pakoulev, A. V.; Burtman, V. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113,21413.
139. [139]
  (139) Conklin, D.; Nanayakkara, S.; Park, T. H.; Lagadec, M. F.;Stecher, J. T.; Therien, M. J.; Bonnell, D. A. Nano Lett. 2012,12, 2414. doi: 10.1021/nl300400a
140. [140]
  (140) Lu, Q.; Yao, C.;Wang, X. H.;Wang. F. S. J. Phys. Chem. C2012, 116, 17853. doi: 10.1021/jp2119923
141. [141]
  (141) Fadjie-Djomkam, A. B.; Ababou-Girard, S.; Hiremath, R.;Herrier, C.; Fabre, B.; Solal, F.; det, C. J. Appl. Phys. 2011,110, 083708. doi: 10.1063/1.3651401
142. [142]
  (142) Salomon, A.; Shpaisman, H.; Seitz, O.; Boecking, T.; Cahen,D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 3969. doi: 10.1021/jp710985b
143. [143]
  (143) Chu, C.W.; Na, J. S.; Parsons, G. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007,129, 2287. doi: 10.1021/ja064968s
144. [144]
  (144) Wold, D. J.; Haag, R.; Rampi, M. A.; Frisbie, C. D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2813. doi: 10.1021/jp013476t
145. [145]
  (145) Holmlin, R. E.; Haag, R.; Chabinyc, M. L.; Ismagilov, R. F.;Cohen, A. E.; Terfort, A.; Rampi, M. A.; Whitesides, G. M.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5075. doi: 10.1021/ja004055c
146. [146]
  (146) York, R. L.; Nguyen, P. T.; Slowinski, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003, 125, 5948. doi: 10.1021/ja0211353
147. [147]
  (147) Slowinski, K.; Chamberlain, R. V.; Miller, C. J.; Majda, M.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11910. doi: 10.1021/ja971921l
148. [148]
  (148) Thuo, M. M.; Reus,W. F.; Nijhuis, C. A.; Barber, J. R.; Kim,C.; Schulz, M. D.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133, 2962. doi: 10.1021/ja1090436
149. [149]
  (149) Chiechi, R. C.;Weiss, E. A.; Dickey, M. D.; Whitesides, G. M.Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2008, 47, 142.
150. [150]
  (150) Chen, F.; Li, X. L.; Hihath, J.; Huang, Z. F.; Tao, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15874. doi: 10.1021/ja065864k
151. [151]
  (151) Li, X. L.; He, J.; Hihath, J.; Xu, B. Q.; Lindsay, S. M.; Tao, N.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2135. doi: 10.1021/ja057316x
152. [152]
  (152) Cui, X. D.; Zarate, X.; Tomfohr, J.; Sankey1, O. F.; Primak, A.;Moore, A. L.; Moore, T. A.; Gust, D.; Harris, G.; Lindsay, S.M. Nanotechnology 2002, 13, 5. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/13/1/302
153. [153]
  (153) Engelkes, V. B.; Beebe, J. M.; Frisbie, C. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 14287. doi: 10.1021/ja046274u
154. [154]
  (154) Smaali, K.; Cle'ment, N.; Patriarche, G.; Vuillaume, D. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 4639. doi: 10.1021/nn301850g
155. [155]
  (155) Song, H.; Kim, Y.; Jeong, H.; Reed, M. A.; Lee, T. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 20431. doi: 10.1021/jp104760b
156. [156]
  (156) Creager, S.; Yu, C. J.; Bamdad, C.; Connor, S. O.; MacLean,T.; Lam, E.; Chong, Y.; Olsen, G. T.; Luo, J. Y.; zin, M.;Kayyem, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1059. doi: 10.1021/ja983204c
157. [157]
  (157) Wang,W. Y.; Lee, T.; Reed, M. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108,18398. doi: 10.1021/jp048904k
158. [158]
  (158) Lee, T.;Wang,W. Y.; Zhang, J. J.; Su, J.; Klemic, J. F.; Reed,M. A. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2005, 5, 213. doi: 10.1016/j.cap.2003.11.088
159. [159]
  (159) Bonifas, A. P.; McCreery, R. L. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4725. doi: 10.1021/nl202495k
160. [160]
  (160) Kim, B. S.; Choi, S. H.; Zhu, X. Y.; Frisbie, C. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 19864. doi: 10.1021/ja207751w
161. [161]
  (161) Liu, K.; Li, G. R.;Wang, X. H.;Wang, F. S. J. Phys. Chem. C2008, 112, 4342.
162. [162]
  (162) He, J.; Chen, F.; Li, J.; Sankey, O. F.; Terazono, Y.; Herrero,C.; Gust, D.; Moore, T. A.; Moore, A. L.; Lindsay, S. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1384. doi: 10.1021/ja043279i
163. [163]
  (163) Sakaguchi, H.; Hirai, A.; Iwata, F.; Sasaki, A.; Nagamura, T.Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 3708. doi: 10.1063/1.1421233
164. [164]
  (164) Kaliginedi, V.; Moreno-García, P.; Valkenier, H.; Hong,W. J.;García-Suarez, V. M.; Otten, J. L. H.; Buiter, P.; Hummelen, J.C.; Lambert, C. J.;Wandlowski, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012,134, 5262. doi: 10.1021/ja211555x
165. [165]
  (165) Liu, K.;Wang, X. H.;Wang, F. S. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 2315.doi: 10.1021/nn800475a
166. [166]
  (166) Akkerman, H. B.; de Boer, B. J. Condens. Matter Phys. 2008,20, 013001. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/01/013001
167. [167]
  (167) Moth-Poulsen, K.; Patrone, L.; Stuhr-Hansen, N.; Christensen,J. B.; Bour in, J. P.; Bjørnholm, T. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 783.doi: 10.1021/nl050032q
168. [168]
  (168) Guo, X. F.; Small, J. P.; Klare, J. E.;Wang, Y. L.; Purewal, M.S.; Tam, I.W.; Hong, B. H.; Caldwell, R.; Huang, L. M.;O'Brien, S.; Yan, J. M.; Breslow, R.;Wind, S. J.; Hone, J.;Kim, P.; Nuckolls, C. Science 2006, 311, 356. doi: 10.1126/science.1120986
169. [169]
  (169) Feldmen, A.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Guo, X. F.; Nuckolls, C.Accounts Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1731.
170. [170]
  (170) Qian, S.; Guo, X. F.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Nuckolls, C. Chem. Asian J. 2010, 5, 1040. doi: 10.1002/asia.200900565
171. [171]
  (171) Cao, Y.; Liu, S.; Shen, Q.; Yan, K.; Li, P. J.; Xu, J.; Yu, D. P.;Steigerwald, M. L.; Nuckolls, C.; Liu, Z. F.; Guo, X. F. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2743. doi: 10.1002/adfm.v19:17
172. [172]
  (172) Cao, Y.;Wei, Z. M.; Liu, S.; Shen, Q.; Gan, L.; Shi, S. J.; Guo,X. F.; Xu,W.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Liu, Z. F.; Zhu, D. B.Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2010, 49, 6319. doi: 10.1002/anie.201001683
1. [1]
  Jin Tong , Shuyan Yu . Crystal Engineering for Supramolecular Chirality. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 86-93. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308113
2. [2]
  Shicheng Yan . Experimental Teaching Design for the Integration of Scientific Research and Teaching: A Case Study on Organic Electrooxidation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 350-358. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408036
3. [3]
  Hongyun Liu , Jiarun Li , Xinyi Li , Zhe Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Cong Xiao . Course Ideological and Political Design of a Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment: Constructing a Visual Molecular Logic System Based on Intelligent Hydrogel Film Electrodes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 227-233. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309070
4. [4]
  Yong Shu , Xing Chen , Sai Duan , Rongzhen Liao . How to Determine the Equilibrium Bond Distance of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules: A Case Study of H₂. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 386-393. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310102
5. [5]
  Laiying Zhang , Yinghuan Wu , Yazi Yu , Yecheng Xu , Haojie Zhang , Weitai Wu . Innovation and Practice of Polymer Chemistry Experiment Teaching for Non-Polymer Major Students of Chemistry: Taking the Synthesis, Solution Property, Optical Performance and Application of Thermo-Sensitive Polymers as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 213-220. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310126
6. [6]
  Yang YANG , Pengcheng LI , Zhan SHU , Nengrong TU , Zonghua WANG . Plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence and application of molecular detection. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 877-884. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230440
7. [7]
  Yuhao SUN , Qingzhe DONG , Lei ZHAO , Xiaodan JIANG , Hailing GUO , Xianglong MENG , Yongmei GUO . Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver-loaded sod-based zeolite. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 761-770. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230169
8. [8]
  Wenyan Dan , Weijie Li , Xiaogang Wang . The Technical Analysis of Visual Software ShelXle for Refinement of Small Molecular Crystal Structure. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 63-69. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302060
9. [9]
  Shule Liu . Application of SPC/E Water Model in Molecular Dynamics Teaching Experiments. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 338-342. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310029
10. [10]
  Rui Gao , Ying Zhou , Yifan Hu , Siyuan Chen , Shouhong Xu , Qianfu Luo , Wenqing Zhang . Design, Synthesis and Performance Experiment of Novel Photoswitchable Hybrid Tetraarylethenes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 125-133. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310050
11. [11]
  Wenbing Hu , Jin Zhu . Flipped Classroom Approach in Teaching Professional English Reading and Writing to Polymer Graduates. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 128-131. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310015
12. [12]
  Shihui Shi , Haoyu Li , Shaojie Han , Yifan Yao , Siqi Liu . Regioselectively Synthesis of Halogenated Arenes via Self-Assembly and Synergistic Catalysis Strategy. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 336-344. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312002
13. [13]
  Pingping Zhu , Yongjun Xie , Yuanping Yi , Yu Huang , Qiang Zhou , Shiyan Xiao , Haiyang Yang , Pingsheng He . Excavation and Extraction of Ideological and Political Elements for the Virtual Simulation Experiments at Molecular Level: Taking the Project “the Simulation and Computation of Conformation, Morphology and Dimensions of Polymer Chains” as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 83-88. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309063
14. [14]
  Kai Yang , Gehua Bi , Yong Zhang , Delin Jin , Ziwei Xu , Qian Wang , Lingbao Xing . Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design: Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 206-212. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308045
15. [15]
  Zheqi Wang , Yawen Lin , Shunliu Deng , Huijun Zhang , Jinmei Zhou . Antiviral Strategies: A Brief Review of the Development History of Small Molecule Antiviral Drugs. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 85-93. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403108
16. [16]
  Jia Yao , Xiaogang Peng . Theory of Macroscopic Molecular Systems: Theoretical Framework of the Physical Chemistry Course in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 27-37. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408117
17. [17]
  Zhengyu Zhou , Huiqin Yao , Youlin Wu , Teng Li , Noritatsu Tsubaki , Zhiliang Jin . Synergistic Effect of Cu-Graphdiyne/Transition Bimetallic Tungstate Formed S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312010-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312010
18. [18]
  Yufang GAO , Nan HOU , Yaning LIANG , Ning LI , Yanting ZHANG , Zelong LI , Xiaofeng LI . Nano-thin layer MCM-22 zeolite: Synthesis and catalytic properties of trimethylbenzene isomerization reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1079-1087. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240036
19. [19]
  Rui Li , Jiayu Zhang , Anyang Li . Two Levels of Understanding of Chemical Bonds: a Case of the Bonding Model of Hypervalent Molecules. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 392-398. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308051
20. [20]
  Shuang Meng , Haixin Long , Zhou Zhou , Meizhu Rong . Inorganic Chemistry Curriculum Design and Implementation of Based on “Stepped-Task Driven + Multi-Dimensional Output” Model: A Case Study on Intermolecular Forces. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 122-131. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309008

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1010)
Abstract views(1158)
HTML views(24)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142