Citation: ZHANG Peng, ZHAO Lu Song, YAO Jiang Hong, CAO Ya An. Structure, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO₂ Doped with Different Content of Sn⁴⁺ Ions[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2013, 29(06): 1305-1312. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201303182 shu

Structure, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO₂ Doped with Different Content of Sn⁴⁺ Ions

ZHANG Peng ^1,2 ,
ZHAO Lu Song ^1,2 ,
YAO Jiang Hong ^1,2 ,
CAO Ya An ^1,2,

1.
1 College of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China;
2 Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China

Received Date: 11 December 2012
Available Online: 18 March 2013
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(51072082, 21173121, 11074129) (51072082, 21173121, 11074129)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973) (2012CB934201)资助 (973) (2012CB934201)

Pure TiO₂ and Sn⁴⁺ doped TiO₂ (TiO₂-Snx%) photocatalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method, where x% represents the nominal molar fraction of Sn⁴⁺ ions in the Zr⁴⁺ structure. The crystal structure and energy band structure of the resultant catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS).The results show that for a low content of Sn⁴⁺ ions, the Sn⁴⁺ ions are doped into the TiO₂ lattice and replace lattice Ti⁴⁺ ions in a substitute mode (Ti_1-xSn_xO₂). The energy levels of these Sn⁴⁺ ions are located 0.38 eV below the conduction band. Moreover, the rutile SnO₂ crystal structure evolves with increasing content of Sn⁴⁺ ions, i.e., a TiO₂/SnO₂ structure is formed. The conduction band of SnO₂ is located 0.33 eV lower than that of TiO₂. The separation and recombination mechanism of the photo-generated carriers was characterized by photoluminescence and transient photovoltage techniques. The results showed that the formation of the energy levels of Sn⁴⁺ ions and the conduction band of rutile SnO₂ can enhance the separation of the photogenerated carriers, and suppress the recombination of photo-generated carriers. However, the energy levels of Sn⁴⁺ can lead to a much longer life time and higher separation efficiency of the photo-generated carriers. For different content of Sn⁴⁺ in Sn⁴⁺ ion doped TiO₂(TiO₂-Snx%), the abovementioned aspects improve the photocatalytic activity.
- Sn⁴⁺-doped TiO₂,
- Content of Sn⁴⁺ ions,
- Transient photovoltage,
- Surface photovoltage spectroscopy,
- Life time of photo-generated electrons
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Structure, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Doped with Different Content of Sn4+ Ions

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Structure, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO₂ Doped with Different Content of Sn⁴⁺ Ions