Citation: LI Xiang-Cheng, ZHANG Yu, XIA Yin-Jiang, HU Bi-Cheng, WANG Yan-Qin, LU Guan-Zhong. One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural on Mesoporous Niobium Phosphate[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2012, 28(10): 2349-2354. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201207312
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The conversion of xylose to furfural normally involves two steps: the isomerization of xylose to xylulose catalyzed by an enzyme, a base or a Lewis acid, followed by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylulose to furfural. To allow a more efficient single-step conversion, a new water-tolerant solid acid catalyst, mesoporous niobium phosphate was synthesized. This synthesis was performed using a soft template approach, with cetyltriethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. The structure and properties of the catalyst thus synthesized were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD), and pyridine sorption FTIR (Py-FTIR). These studies determined that the niobium phosphate not only had a large surface area (>200 m2·g-1) and narrow pore size distribution (3.5 nm), but also had relatively strong Lewis and Brønsted acidity. This catalyst was found to be capable of producing furfural via a simple one-pot process, including the isomerization of xylose to xylulose and subsequent dehydration. The influence of several variables including temperature, mass ratio of xylose/catalyst, and reaction time on the extent of xylose conversion and furfural yield were studied. Under optimal conditions, the yield of furfural in aqueous solution reached 49.8% with 96.5% xylose conversion. It was further determined that both the yield and the separation of furfural could be improved by employing a methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)/water (volume ratio 7:3) biphase containing NaCl in the aqueous phase, resulting in a 68.4% yield.
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Keywords:
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Mesoporous niobium phosphate
, - Brö,
- nsted acid,
- Lewis acid,
- Xylose,
- Furfural,
- Aqueous phase
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