Citation: DU Ai, ZHOU Bin, GUI Jia-Yin, LIU Guang-Wu, LI Yu-Nong, WU Guang-Ming, SHEN Jun, ZHANG Zhi-Hua. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Density-Gradient Aerogels for Outer-Space Hypervelocity Particle Capture[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2012, 28(05): 1189-1196. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201202292 shu

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Density-Gradient Aerogels for Outer-Space Hypervelocity Particle Capture

1.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

Received Date: 21 November 2011
Available Online: 29 February 2012
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(51102184, 51172163) (51102184, 51172163) 国家高技术研究发展(863)计划, 国家科技支撑计划(2009BAC62B02) (863)计划, 国家科技支撑计划(2009BAC62B02)同济大学青年优秀人才培养行动计划(2010KJ068) (2010KJ068)教育部博士点基金(20090072110047, 20100072110054)资助项目 (20090072110047, 20100072110054)

Aerogels with densities in the range 40-175 mg·cm^-3 were prepared using a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) ethanol-water solution as the precursor and hydrofluoric acid as the catalyst via a sol-gel process and CO₂ supercritical-fluid drying. The density-gradient aerogels were prepared using layer-by-layer gelation, sol co-gelation, and gradient-sol co-gelation methods and their gradient properties were studied systematically. The results show that aerogels with different densities all have a threedimensional skeleton consisting of spherical particles of diameter about 40-90 nm. The lower the density is, the looser the skeleton and pore-size distributions are, and the larger the peak value of the pore size is. Gradient aerogels prepared via different methods exhibited graded, approximately gradient, or gradient distributions. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the Young's moduli of the aerogels at -100 and 25 °C (changed from 4.6×10⁵ to 1.9×10⁵ Pa and from 5.0×10⁵ to 2.1×10⁵ Pa, respectively) tend to decrease with decreasing density. Thermal constants analysis shows that as the densities of the aerogels decrease, the thermal diffusion coefficients increase and the specific heat capacities decrease, but the thermal conductivities do not change monotonically.
- Gradient,
- Aerogel,
- Thermal,
- Mechanics,
- Thermal conductivity,
- Modulus,
- Low temperature
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