Citation: XU Fen, QIU Shu-Jun, LIANG Jian-Guo, WU Rui-Hua, SUN Li-Xian, LI Fen. Low Temperature Heat Capacity and Thermal Analysis of Caffeine, Theophylline and Aminophylline[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2010, 26(08): 2096-2102. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20100836 shu

Low Temperature Heat Capacity and Thermal Analysis of Caffeine, Theophylline and Aminophylline

XU Fen ^1,2 ,
QIU Shu-Jun ⁴ ,
LIANG Jian-Guo ³ ,
WU Rui-Hua ⁴ ,
SUN Li-Xian ^2, ,
LI Fen ²

1.
1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning Province, P. R. China;
2. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, P. R. China;
3. Hunan Institute of Drug Detection, Changsha 410001, P. R. China;
4. Dalian Institute of Drug Detection, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, P. R. China

Received Date: 26 March 2010
Available Online: 30 June 2010
Fund Project: 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973) (2010CB631303) (973) (2010CB631303)

Caffeine, theophylline, and aminophylline are important methyl-substituted xanthines and are widely used in clinics. In this work, the thermodynamic characteristics of the three drugs were studied by adiabatic calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The low temperature molar heat capacities of caffeine (in the β crystal form), theophylline and aminophylline were measured by heating the system from 80 to 370 K using an adiabatic calorimeter. The results indicate that the molar heat capacity of aminophylline is the largest while that of theophylline is the smallest. The experimental molar heat capacities of the three drugs were fitted to a polynomial of C_{p, m} vs the reduced temperature (t) by means of the least fitting square method from 80 to 370 K. Their molar heat capacities at 298.15 K were calculated to be 226.49 J·K^-1·mol^-1 (for caffeine), 218.13 J·K^-1·mol^-1 (for theophylline), and 554.78 J·K^-1·mol^-1 (for aminophylline) using the polynomial C_{p, m}-t. Thermodynamic parameters (such as enthalpies and entropies relative to 298.15 K) were calculated for these drugs based on the polynomial C_{p, m}-t. The results of thermal analysis show that the order of thermal stability for these drugs is aminophylline＜caffeine＜theophylline. The temperatures, enthalpies and entropies of the phase transitions for caffeine and theophylline were obtained by DSC. The stabilities of the molecular structures for caffeine and theophylline were calculated by a first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The results imply that the stability of the caffeine molecule is lower than that of theophylline and this is in od agreement with the experimental results.
- Low temperature heat capacity,
- Caffeine,
- Theophylline,
- Aminophylline,
- Thermal analysis
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