Citation: YUAN Peng, LIU Zhong-Yi, SUN Hai-Jie, LIU Shou-Chang. Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Cu-Al-Ba Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2010, 26(08): 2235-2241. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20100642 shu

Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Cu-Al-Ba Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols

1.
Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China

Received Date: 11 January 2010
Available Online: 13 May 2010

Novel chromium-free Cu-Al-Ba catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and were calcined at different temperatures. Their performance during the hydrogenation of palm oil esters to higher alcohols was evaluated in an autoclave. Results showed that the catalytic properties of the catalysts were greatly influenced by the calcination temperatures. The yield of higher alcohols showed three steps when the calcination temperature of the catalysts was raised from 150 to 750 ℃. The thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) curves of the precursor also exhibited three steps related to mass loss. X-ray power diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-EDS-SAED), N₂-physisorption, and temperature- programmed reduction (TPR) characterization revealed that the catalysts were obtained from a malachite-boehmite-BaCO₃ precursor. After calcination at 300 or 550 ℃, the catalysts were found to be composed of crystalline CuO and BaCO₃ as well as amorphous Al₂O₃. Amorphous Al₂O₃ has a large surface area which results in a high dispersion of CuO. Rod-like BaCO₃ helps in the provision of micropores. The formation of BaAl₂O₄ at a calcination temperature of 750 ℃ destroys the amorphous structure and causes a sharp decline in the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst and this causes CuO aggregation. An optimal higher alcohol yield of 92.3% was obtained over the Cu-Al-Ba catalyst that was calcined at 550 ℃ due to its larger surface area, larger pore volume, and higher degree of CuO dispersion.
- Hydrogenation,
- Ester,
- Higher alcohol,
- Cu-Al-Ba catalyst,
- Calcination temperature
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