Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine culture is an important component and typical representative of Chinese traditional culture, and is known as the bright pearl of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Artemisinin, as the star of antimalarial medicine, comes from natural products, so it is necessary to extract and identify the structure of artemisinin from natural products. Combining with the characteristics of the course, the experiment of extraction and identification for the artemisinin is designed for the ideological and political teaching cases of the course. This case aims to cultivate students’ scientific literacy of reviewing literature independently, designing the experiment and characterizing molecular structure by instrumental analysis technology. The construction and implementation of the ideological and political teaching case helps teachers fully explore the moral education elements in professional courses, stimulate students’ interest in learning, cultivate students’ awareness of independent innovation, enhance their patriotic feelings and self-confidence in national culture, and achieve good teaching results.