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Citation: Huilin Guo, Wenhua Xu. 关于对消法测定电池电动势实验中标准电池的讨论[J]. University Chemistry, ;2022, 37(6): 210803. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202108030 shu

关于对消法测定电池电动势实验中标准电池的讨论

Huilin Guo ^, ,
Wenhua Xu

College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China

Corresponding author: Huilin Guo, hlguo@nwu.edu.cn
Received Date: 13 August 2021

韦斯顿标准电池，作为很长时间里的国际电压标准，为电化学的发展做出了很大贡献。大学物理化学的常见实验“对消法测定电池电动势”即采用了标准电池。然而目前物理化学教材中关于标准电池的内容较为简单，且学生容易将汞齐电极与一般金属电极混淆。本文从标准电池的表达式、电极反应与电池反应出发，利用能斯特方程分析了影响电池电动势的主要因素，讨论了电解质不饱和与饱和时电动势的可逆性、负极标准电极电势的内涵，并结合电池温度系数讨论了电池电动势的稳定性，探讨了对消法实验中标准电池的选择对测量结果的影响。讨论结果弥补了教材和教学中存在的不足，可为同行教学与学生学习提供一定参考。
- Standard cells,
- Weston cells,
- Reversible cell potential,
- Amalgam electrodes,
- Standard electrode potential
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