Citation: Yue Li, Wenjuan Ruan. 从溶剂笼到分子笼[J]. University Chemistry, ;2021, 36(8): 201102. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202011027 shu

从溶剂笼到分子笼

Yue Li ,
Wenjuan Ruan ^,

College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Corresponding author: Wenjuan Ruan, wjruan@nankai.edu.cn
Received Date: 6 November 2020

在物理化学中，对溶液中的反应通常用笼效应来描述溶剂与反应物质间的关系。一般认为，溶质（反应物质）是被溶剂分子所构成的笼包围；溶剂笼是柔性的，其大小、形状取决于溶质分子；反应物分子会在出入溶剂笼的过程中遭遇、碰撞、发生反应。随着合成技术的发展，人们合成出了以共价键、配位键连接的分子笼。相对于由范德华力所构筑的溶剂笼，分子笼表现出更高的刚性，因此其对化学反应可产生更为显著的影响。有别于传统催化剂的化学方式（与反应物、中间体等成键），当化学反应在分子笼中进行时，分子笼可通过富集反应物、改变反应物构型、影响中间产物的结构以及限制产物尺寸等一系列物理方式对反应的速率、选择性造成影响。该领域的研究对于深入揭示化学反应机理、调控所进行的反应均具有重要意义。
- Solvent cage,
- Molecular cage,
- Chemical reaction,
- Structural rigidity
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