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Citation: Ying Zhang, Xinjun Quan. HF溶液和HF-F^-溶液的多重平衡计算[J]. University Chemistry, ;2021, 36(8): 200904. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202009043 shu

HF溶液和HF-F^-溶液的多重平衡计算

Ying Zhang ,
Xinjun Quan ^,

College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

Corresponding author: Xinjun Quan, quanxj@jlu.edu.cn
Received Date: 18 September 2020

HF溶液和HF-F^-溶液中存在着HF的解离和HF与F^-化合两个反应，溶液中各物种的平衡浓度都是两个平衡共同作用的产物，理论上只有将两个平衡同时考虑才能得到正确的结果。但在以往教学中对HF的解离平衡关注较多，而对HF与F^-的化合平衡关注较少，造成学生在遇到这类问题时常常采取错误的计算方法。本文从培养学生应对复杂系统计算的综合能力出发，根据多重平衡原理推导出计算HF溶液和HF-F^-溶液离子浓度的简便精确关系式，通过对比计算发现，除了HF溶液当其浓度小于1.91×10^-2 mol·L^-1时可以近似地按一元弱酸同时计算H⁺和F^-浓度外，其他情况下都必须同时考虑两个平衡进行计算。
- Hydrofluoric acid,
- Dissociation equilibrium,
- Multi-equilibrium,
- Complex system,
- Calculation
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HF溶液和HF-F-溶液的多重平衡计算

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HF溶液和HF-F^-溶液的多重平衡计算