Citation: Yaru Zhang, Yan Xia. 化学武器知多少——化学毒剂的基本介绍及其去污技术的发展[J]. University Chemistry, ;2021, 36(2): 200207. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202002078 shu

化学武器知多少——化学毒剂的基本介绍及其去污技术的发展

Yaru Zhang ¹ ,
Yan Xia ^1,2,,

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
2.
Central Laboratory of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Corresponding author: Yan Xia, nkxiayan@nankai.edu.cn
Received Date: 28 February 2020

化学武器是一种借助毒剂的毒害作用来打击敌方战斗力的武器，具有杀伤途径多、规模大、威力强、持续时间长等特点，素有“无声杀手”之称，其基本组成要素是化学毒剂（Chemical warfare agents，CWAs）。长期以来，化学武器的使用不符合伦理道德的要求，其不仅会降低对方的战斗力，而且还会导致许多无辜人员受到伤害，因此减轻化学武器的伤害至关重要。本文首先介绍了化学毒剂的分类，然后从化学的角度综述了近几年常见的检测和降解化学毒剂的方法，并对去污技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
- Chemical warfare agents,
- Classification,
- Detection and degradation
1. [1]
2. [2]
  John, H.; van der Schans, M. J.; Koller, M.; Spruit, H. E. T.; Worek, F.; Thiermann, H.; Noort, D. Forensic. Toxicol. 2018, 36, 61.
3. [3]
4. [4]
5. [5]
  Bajgar, J. Adv. Clin. Chem. 2004, 38, 151.
6. [6]
7. [7]
8. [8]
9. [9]
10. [10]
11. [11]
12. [12]
13. [13]
14. [14]
15. [15]
16. [16]
17. [17]
  Cai, Y.; Li, C.; Song, Q. ACS Sens. 2017, 2, 834.
18. [18]
  Puglisi, R.; Pappalardo, A.; Gulino, A.; Trusso Sfrazzetto, G. ACS Omega 2019, 4, 7550.
19. [19]
  Bobbitt, N. S.; Mendonca, M. L.; Howarth, A. J.; Islamoglu, T.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K.; Snurr, R. Q. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 3357.
20. [20]
  Nath, I.; Chakraborty, J.; Verpoort, F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 4127.
21. [21]
  Tušek, D.; Ašperger, D.; Bačić, I.; Urković, L.; Macan, J. J. Mater. Sci. 2017, 52, 2591.
22. [22]
  Wagner, G. W.; Bartram, P. W.; Koper, O.; Klabunde, K. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 3225.
23. [23]
  Wagner, G. W. ACS Symp. Ser. 2010, 1045, 125.
24. [24]
  Kim, K.; Tsay, O. G.; Atwood, D. A.; Churchill, D. G. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 5345.
25. [25]
  Wagner, G. W.; Chen, Q.; Wu, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 11901.
26. [26]
  Wagner, G. W.; Peterson, G. W.; Mahle, J. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 3598.
27. [27]
  Naseri, M. T.; Sarabadani, M.; Ashrafi, D.; Saeidian, H.; Babri, M. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20, 907.
28. [28]
  Henych, J.; Stehlík, Š.; Mazanec, K.; Tolasz, J.; Cermák, J.; Rezek, B.; Mattsson, A.; Österlund, L. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2019, 259, 118097.
29. [29]
  Bandosz, T. J.; Laskoski, M.; Mahle, J.; Mogilevsky, G.; Peterson, G. W.; Rossin, J. A.; Wagner, G. W. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 11606.
30. [30]
  Saha, D.; Bao, Z.; Jia, F.; Deng, S. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 1820.
31. [31]
  Hartlieb, K. J.; Holcroft, J. M.; Moghadam, P. Z.; Vermeulen, N. A.; Algaradah, M. M.; Nassar, M. S.; Botros, Y. Y.; Snurr, R. Q.; Stoddart, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 2292.
32. [32]
  Altintas, C.; Keskin, S. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 2739.
33. [33]
  Bhardwaj, N.; Bhardwaj, S. K.; Mehta, J.; Kim, K.; Deep, A. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 33589.
34. [34]
  Small, L. J.; Hill, R. C.; Krumhansl, J. L.; Schindelholz, M. E.; Chen, Z.; Chapman, K. W.; Zhang, X.; Yang, S.; Schröder, M.; Nenoff, T. M. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 27982.
35. [35]
  Ye, R.; Lin, L.; Chen, C.; Yang, J.; Li, F.; Zhang, X.; Li, D.; Qin, Y.; Zhou, Z.; Yao, Y. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 3382.
36. [36]
  Ma, F.; Liu, S.; Sun, C.; Liang, D.; Ren, G.; Wei, F.; Chen, Y.; Su, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4178.
37. [37]
  Serra-Crespo, P.; Ramos-Fernandez, E. V.; Gascon, J.; Kapteijn, F. Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 2565.
38. [38]
  Roy, A.; Srivastava, A. K.; Singh, B.; Shah, D.; Mahato, T. H.; Srivastava, A. Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 12346.
39. [39]
  Liu, Y.; Howarth, A. J.; Vermeulen, N. A.; Moon, S.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2017, 346, 101.
40. [40]
  Cavka, J. H.; Jakobsen, S.; Olsbye, U.; Guillou, N.; Lamberti, C.; Bordiga, S.; Lillerud, K. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 13850.
41. [41]
  Katz, M. J.; Moon, S.; Mondloch, J. E.; Beyzavi, M. H.; Stephenson, C. J.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 2286.
42. [42]
  Peterson, G. W.; Moon, S.; Wagner, G. W.; Hall, M. G.; Decoste, J. B.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. Inorg. Chem. 2015, 54, 9684.
43. [43]
  Mondloch, J. E.; Bury, W.; Fairen-Jimenez, D.; Kwon, S.; Demarco, E. J.; Weston, M. H.; Sarjeant, A. A.; Nguyen, S. T.; Stair, P. C.; Snurr, R. Q.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10294.
44. [44]
  Mondloch, J. E.; Katz, M. J.; Isley Iii, W. C.; Ghosh, P.; Liao, P.; Bury, W.; Wagner, G. W.; Hall, M. G.; Decoste, J. B.; Peterson, G. W.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 512.
45. [45]
  Howarth, A. J.; Buru, C. T.; Liu, Y.; Ploskonka, A. M.; Hartlieb, K. J.; Mcentee, M.; Mahle, J. J.; Buchanan, J. H.; Durke, E. M.; Al-Juaid, S. S.; et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 214.
46. [46]
  Furukawa, H.; Gándara, F.; Zhang, Y.; Jiang, J.; Queen, W. L.; Hudson, M. R.; Yaghi, O. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 4369.
47. [47]
  Moon, S.; Liu, Y.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 6795.
48. [48]
  Plonka, A. M.; Grissom, T. G.; Musaev, D. G.; Balboa, A.; Gordon, W. O.; Collins-Wildman, D. L.; Ghose, S. K.; Tian, Y.; Ebrahim, A. M.; Mitchell, M. B.; et al. Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 9904.
49. [49]
  Wang, H.; Mahle, J. J.; Tovar, T. M.; Peterson, G. W.; Hall, M. G.; Decoste, J. B.; Buchanan, J. H.; Karwacki, C. J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 21109.
50. [50]
  Liu, Y.; Moon, S.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 12358.
51. [51]
  Liu, Y.; Buru, C. T.; Howarth, A. J.; Mahle, J. J.; Buchanan, J. H.; Decoste, J. B.; Hupp, J. T.; Farha, O. K. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 13809.
52. [52]
  Wang, H.; Wagner, G. W.; Lu, A. X.; Nguyen, D. L.; Buchanan, J. H.; Mcnutt, P. M.; Karwacki, C. J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 18771.
53. [53]
  Giannakoudakis, D. A.; Hu, Y.; Florent, M.; Bandosz, T. J. Nanoscale Horiz. 2017, 2, 356.
54. [54]
  Chen, R.; Tao, C.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, X.; Liu, Z.; Wang, J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 43156.
55. [55]
  Wiederoder, M. S.; Nallon, E. C.; Weiss, M.; Mcgraw, S. K.; Schnee, V. P.; Bright, C. J.; Polcha, M. P.; Paffenroth, R.; Uzarski, J. R. ACS Sens. 2017, 2, 1669.
56. [56]
  Yu, H.; Son, Y. R.; Yoo, H.; Cha, H. G.; Lee, H.; Kim, H. S. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1703.
57. [57]
  Mofidi, F.; Reisi-Vanani, A. J. Mol. Liq. 2019, 286, 110929.
58. [58]
  Bae, K.; Gwak, N.; Park, M. K.; Lee, B.; Lee, K. J. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2019, 220, 1900213.
1. [1]
  Hongsheng Tang , Yonghe Zhang , Dexiang Wang , Xiaohui Ning , Tianlong Zhang , Yan Li , Hua Li . A Wonderful Journey through the Kingdom of Hazardous Chemicals. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 196-202. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403098
2. [2]
  Tiantian Zheng , Huiyi Wang , Huimin Li , Xuanhe Liu , Hong Shang . Anti-Counterfeiting National Salvation Chronicle of 006. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 254-258. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307032
3. [3]
  Miaomiao He , Zhiqing Ge , Qiang Zhou , Jiaqing He , Hong Gong , Lingling Li , Pingping Zhu , Wei Shao . Exploring the Fascinating Realm of Quantum Dots. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 231-237. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310040
4. [4]
  Liwei Wang , Guangran Ma , Li Wang , Fugang Xu . A Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Experiment: Colorimetric Detection of Vitamin C Using Nanozyme and Smartphone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 255-262. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312094
5. [5]
  Tongyu Zheng , Teng Li , Xiaoyu Han , Yupei Chai , Kexin Zhao , Quan Liu , Xiaohui Ji . A DIY pH Detection Agent Using Persimmon Extract for Acid-Base Discoloration Popularization Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 27-36. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309107
6. [6]
  Min Gu , Huiwen Xiong , Liling Liu , Jilie Kong , Xueen Fang . Rapid Quantitative Detection of Procalcitonin by Microfluidics: An Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 87-93. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310120
7. [7]
  Li'na ZHONG , Jingling CHEN , Qinghua ZHAO . Synthesis of multi-responsive carbon quantum dots from green carbon sources for detection of iron ions and L-ascorbic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 709-718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240280
8. [8]
  Hongbo Zhang , Yihong Tang , Suxia Zhang , Yuanting Li . Electrochemical Monitoring of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Pollutants: A Recommended Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 326-333. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310013
9. [9]
  Junjie Zhang , Yue Wang , Qiuhan Wu , Ruquan Shen , Han Liu , Xinhua Duan . Preparation and Selective Separation of Lightweight Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Trace Tetracycline Detection in Milk. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 251-257. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311084
10. [10]
  Yongzhi LI , Han ZHANG , Gangding WANG , Yanwei SUI , Lei HOU , Yaoyu WANG . A two-dimensional metal-organic framework for the determination of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone in aqueous solution. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(2): 245-253. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240307
11. [11]
  Lijuan Liu , Xionglei Wang . Preparation of Hydrogels from Waste Thermosetting Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Controllable Catalytic Degradation: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 313-318. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403060
12. [12]
  Qin Hou , Jiayi Hou , Aiju Shi , Xingliang Xu , Yuanhong Zhang , Yijing Li , Juying Hou , Yanfang Wang . Preparation of Cuprous Iodide Coordination Polymer and Fluorescent Detection of Nitrite: A Comprehensive Chemical Design Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 221-229. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312056
13. [13]
  Zhiguang Xu , Xuan Xu , Qiong Luo , Ganquan Wang , Bin Peng . Reform and Practice of Online and Offline Blended Teaching in Structural Chemistry Course. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 195-200. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310112
14. [14]
  Zhaohu Li , Weidong Wang , Yuhao Liu , Mingzhe Han , Lingling Wei , Huan Jiao . Research on the Safety Management and Disposal of Chemical Laboratory Waste. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 128-136. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312090
15. [15]
  Shengbiao Zheng , Liang Li , Nini Zhang , Ruimin Bao , Ruizhang Hu , Jing Tang . Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Materials Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Tert-Butylhydroquinone: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment for Translating Research Results. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 345-353. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310096
16. [16]
  Anyang Li , Xiaohui Ning , Zhihui Ren , Wei Sun , Yan Li , Bin Cui . Support and Guarantee for Talent Cultivation and Discipline Development: Exploration and Practice of the Construction of National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education in Northwest University. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 140-146. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405052
17. [17]
  Jia Zhou . Constructing Potential Energy Surface of Water Molecule by Quantum Chemistry and Machine Learning: Introduction to a Comprehensive Computational Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 351-358. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309060
18. [18]
  Renqing Lü , Shutao Wang , Fang Wang , Guoping Shen . Computational Chemistry Aided Organic Chemistry Teaching: A Case of Comparison of Basicity and Stability of Diazine Isomers. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 76-82. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404119
19. [19]
  Zhuo Wang , Xue Bai , Kexin Zhang , Hongzhi Wang , Jiabao Dong , Yuan Gao , Bin Zhao . MOF模板法合成氮掺杂碳材料用于增强电化学钠离子储存和去除. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2405002-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405002
20. [20]
  Zhenming Xu , Yibo Wang , Zhenhui Liu , Duo Chen , Mingbo Zheng , Laifa Shen . Experimental Design of Computational Materials Science and Computational Chemistry Courses Based on the Bohrium Scientific Computing Cloud Platform. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 36-41. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403096

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(11)
Abstract views(215)
HTML views(13)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142