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Citation: YANG Jin-Yue, ZHU Jing, GAO Wei, CHUN Yuan. Influence of the Shape of Transfer Tube on Determining Ion Transference Number by Hittorf Method[J]. University Chemistry, ;2017, 32(11): 45-50. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201706031 shu

Influence of the Shape of Transfer Tube on Determining Ion Transference Number by Hittorf Method

National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China

In physical chemistry experiment, straight and U-shaped transfer tubes are often used for determining Cu²⁺ ion transference number by Hittorf method. When a U-shaped transfer tube is used, the result calculated from the concentration change of cathode chamber solution usually has a significant error. The concentration distributions of CuSO₄ solution with height in the straight, U and nshaped transfer tubes after electrolysis were investigated via spectrophotometry, using CuSO₄ and Cu hoops as electrolyte and electrodes, respectively. It is found that the shape of transfer tube has a great effect on the concentration of central chamber solution. Because the cathode locates at the bottom of the U-shaped and n-shaped transfer tubes, the concentration of central chamber solution changes a lot after electrolysis due to convection caused by the gravity effect, and the concentration of cathode chamber solution is also affected. It would bring a significant error to the measurement of ion transference number. Contrarily, this effect is ignorable if a straight-shaped transfer tube is used, and thus more accurate result can be obtained.
- Physical chemistry experiment,
- Ion transference number,
- Hittorf method,
- Shape of transfer tube
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