Citation: SUN Xiaoli, HAO Weiqiang, WANG Junde, DI Bin, CHEN Qiang, ZHUANG Wei, YU Qiang, ZHANG Peipei. Application of general retention time formula for gradient liquid chromatography in the studies of ladder-like gradient elution[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, ;2013, 31(8): 753-757. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.01018 shu

Application of general retention time formula for gradient liquid chromatography in the studies of ladder-like gradient elution

SUN Xiaoli ¹ ,
HAO Weiqiang ^2,, ,
WANG Junde ³ ,
DI Bin ⁴ ,
CHEN Qiang ² ,
ZHUANG Wei ² ,
YU Qiang ¹ ,
ZHANG Peipei ¹

1.
1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;

Corresponding author: HAO Weiqiang,
Received Date: 8 January 2013
Available Online: 6 February 2013
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金项目(21005009,81173022) (21005009,81173022)常州市应用基础研究计划(CJ20115002). (CJ20115002)

By not explicitly specifying the type of solvent strength model, the features of ladder-like gradient elution were studied based on the general retention time formula that was derived in our previous work. For the case where the solute is eluted at the slope of the ladder-like gradient, we derived the expression that connects the mobile phase composition (φ_R), at which the solute is eluted from the column, with the gradient slope (B). It was shown thatφ_R will increase with the increase of B in this case. For the case where the solute is eluted at the last isocratic segment of the ladder-like gradient, it was proven that the retention time (t_R) will correlate linearly with the reciprocal of the gradient slope (1/B) when the initial and final mobile phase compositions are set to be constant. In experiments, by taking biphenyl as the sample, the values of retention time in isocratic and gradient elution were measured on a C18 column by using a mixture of methanol and water as the mobile phase. The experimental values were found to be well consistent with the theoretical values that were calculated from the expressions. These expressions will be helpful to understand the features of the ladder-like gradient in practice.
- liquid chromatography,
- gradient elution,
- ladder-like gradient,
- retention factor
1. [1]
  [1] Gritti F, Guiochon G. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216(33): 6124
2. [2]
  [2] Chen X, Kong L, Su X, et al. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1089(1/2): 87
3. [3]
  [3] Ma Y, Zhang W J, Wei J Y, et al. Chinese Journal of Chromatography (马岩, 张万军, 卫军营, 等. 色谱), 2011, 29(3): 205
4. [4]
  [4] Wiczling P, Kaliszan R. Anal Chem, 2010, 82(9): 3692
5. [5]
  [5] Schellinger A P, Stoll D R, Carr P W. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1064(2): 143
6. [6]
  [6] Snyder L R, Dolan J W, Gant J R. J Chromatogr, 1979, 165(1): 3
7. [7]
  [7] Fitzpatrick F, Edam R, Schoenmakers P. J Chromatogr A, 2003, 988(1): 53
8. [8]
  [8] Gallant S R, Vunnum S, Cramer S M. AIChE J, 1996, 42(9): 2511
9. [9]
  [9] Natarajan V, Ghose S, Cramer S M. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2002, 78(4): 365
10. [10]
  [10] Lu P Z, Dai C Z, Zhang X M. Fundamentals of Chromatographic Theory. 2nd ed. Beijing: Science Press (卢佩章, 戴朝政, 张祥民. 色谱理论基础. 2版. 北京: 科学出版社), 1997
11. [11]
  [11] Hao W, Zhang X, Hou K. Anal Chem, 2006, 78(22): 7828
12. [12]
  [12] Hao W, Zhang X, Hu F. Anal Chem, 2007, 79(6): 2507
13. [13]
  [13] Hao W Q, Di B, Yang Y B, et al. Chinese Journal of Chromatography (郝卫强, 狄斌, 杨永兵, 等. 色谱), 2010, 28(6): 541
14. [14]
  [14] Nikitas P, Pappa-Louisi A. Anal Chem, 2005, 77(17): 5670
15. [15]
  [15] Department of Mathematics of Tongji University. Advanced Mathematics. 3rd ed. Shanghai: High Education Press (同济大学数学教研室. 高等数学. 3版. 上海: 高等教育出版社), 1993
16. [16]
  [16] Stanley B J, Savage T L, Geraghty J J. Anal Chem, 1998, 70(8): 1610
17. [17]
  [17] Nikitas P, Pappa-Louisi A, Agrafiotou P. J Chromatogr A, 2006, 1120(1/2): 299
1. [1]
  Jingming Li , Bowen Ding , Nan Li , Nurgul . Application of Comparative Teaching Method in Experimental Project Design of Instrumental Analysis Course: A Case Study in Chromatography Experiment Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 263-269. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312078
2. [2]
  Xinlong WANG , Zhenguo CHENG , Guo WANG , Xiaokuen ZHANG , Yong XIANG , Xinquan WANG . Enhancement of the fragile interface of high voltage LiCoO₂ by surface gradient permeation of trace amounts of Mg/F. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 571-580. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230259
3. [3]
  Borong Yu , Huijiao Zhang , Xinyu Zhang , Xiaoying Li , Shuming Chen , Zhangang Han . The Blue Elf in the Dark: Gradient Science Popularization Experiments on Chemiluminescence. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 295-303. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403107
4. [4]
  Yufan Pan , Xue Ding , Jiayu Lin , Haiting Wu , Hairong Huang , Cuixue Chen , Meiling Ye . Oil Cosmetics, Charming Chemistry: A Gradient Science Popularization Scheme for Cream Cosmetic Preparation. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 382-389. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406078
5. [5]
  Yanhui Zhong , Ran Wang , Zian Lin . Analysis of Halogenated Quinone Compounds in Environmental Water by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction with Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 296-303. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402017
6. [6]
  Yifan Xie , Liyun Yao , Ruolin Yang , Yuxing Cai , Yujie Jin , Ning Li . Exploration and Practice of Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching Mode in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Experiment. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(11): 100-107. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412133
7. [7]
  Runjie Li , Hang Liu , Xisheng Wang , Wanqun Zhang , Wanqun Hu , Kaiping Yang , Qiang Zhou , Si Liu , Pingping Zhu , Wei Shao . 氨基酸的衍生及手性气相色谱分离创新实验. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 286-295. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407059
8. [8]
  Zunxiang Zeng , Yuling Hu , Yufei Hu , Hua Xiao . Analysis of Plant Essential Oils by Supercritical CO₂Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Instrumental Analysis Comprehensive Experiment Teaching Reform. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 274-282. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309069
9. [9]
  Shunü Peng , Huamin Li , Zhaobin Chen , Yiru Wang . Simultaneous Application of Multiple Quantitative Analysis Methods in Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 243-249. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412043
10. [10]
  Mingyang Men , Jinghua Wu , Gaozhan Liu , Jing Zhang , Nini Zhang , Xiayin Yao . Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Synthesized by Liquid Phase Approach and Application in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(1): 100004-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309019
11. [11]
  Yajie Li , Bin Chen , Yiping Wang , Hui Xing , Wei Zhao , Geng Zhang , Siqi Shi . Inhibiting Dendrite Growth by Customizing Electrolyte or Separator to Achieve Anisotropic Lithium-Ion Transport: A Phase-Field Study. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2305053-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305053
12. [12]
  Minghui Wu , Markus Mühlinghaus , Xuechao Li , Chaojie Xu , Qiang Chen , Haiming Zhang , Klaus Müllen , Lifeng Chi . On-Surface Synthesis of Chevron-Shaped Conjugated Ladder Polymers Consisting of Benzo[a]azulene Units. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2307024-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307024
13. [13]
  Xin Zhou , Yiting Huo , Songyu Yang , Bowen He , Xiaojing Wang , Zhen Wu , Jianjun Zhang . Understanding the effect of pH on protonated COF during photocatalytic H₂O₂ production by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100160-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100160
14. [14]
  Qiuting Zhang , Fan Wu , Jin Liu , Zian Lin . Chromatographic Stationary Phase and Chiral Separation Using Frame Materials. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 291-298. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405174
15. [15]
  Gaoyan Chen , Chaoyue Wang , Juanjuan Gao , Junke Wang , Yingxiao Zong , Kin Shing Chan . Heart to Heart: Exploring Cardiac CT. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 146-150. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402011
16. [16]
  Yutong Dong , Huiling Xu , Yucheng Zhao , Zexin Zhang , Ying Wang . The Hidden World of Surface Tension and Droplets. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 357-365. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312022
17. [17]
  Houjin Li , Lin Wu , Xingwen Sun , Yuan Zheng , Zhanxiang Liu , Shuanglian Cai , Ying Xiong , Guangao Yu , Qingwen Liu , Jie Han , Xin Du , Chengshan Yuan , Qihan Zhang , Jianrong Zhang , Shuyong Zhang . Basic Operations and Specification Suggestions for Organic Chemical Chromatography Experiments. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 93-105. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408100
18. [18]
  Xiaowu Zhang , Pai Liu , Qishen Huang , Shufeng Pang , Zhiming Gao , Yunhong Zhang . Acid-Base Dissociation Equilibrium in Multiphase System: Effect of Gas. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 387-394. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310021
19. [19]
  Yujing Chen , Hongqun Ouyang , Dan Zhao , Yanyan Chu , Zhengping Qiao . Recommendations for the Content and Instruction of the Physical Chemistry Experiment “Construction of Ternary Liquid-Liquid Phase Diagrams”. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 359-366. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409120
20. [20]
  Jiandong Liu , Xin Li , Daxiong Wu , Huaping Wang , Junda Huang , Jianmin Ma . Anion-Acceptor Electrolyte Additive Strategy for Optimizing Electrolyte Solvation Characteristics and Electrode Electrolyte Interphases for Li||NCM811 Battery. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(6): 2306039-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306039

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(597)
HTML views(48)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142