Citation: ZHANG Wen-Hao, LAN Ying-Jia, LU Cheng-Hua, SUN Zi-Yuan, LU Huan-Jun, LI Xiao-Hong, TU Ying-Feng. Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Component Analysis of Blooming on Rubber Product Surface[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, ;2023, 51(3): 405-411. doi: 10.19756/j.issn.0253-3820.221376 shu

Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Component Analysis of Blooming on Rubber Product Surface

1.
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
2.
Su Zhou Hua Dong Rubber Industrial CO., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China;
3.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

Corresponding author: LI Xiao-Hong, TU Ying-Feng,
Received Date: 6 July 2022
Revised Date: 9 February 2023

Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22071167).

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy spectrometry (EDS), quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and two-dimensional diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) techniques were applied to analyze the composition of blooming. The EDS results indicated that the elements in the blooming were carbon, oxygen, sulfur and zinc with the mass ratio of 6∶1∶1∶1. Quantitative ¹H NMR combined with DOSY strongly convinced that the main precipitates of the blooming were zinc stearate, zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and rubber protective wax. Their corresponding mass content ratio was 38.9% : 31.5% : 14.4% : 15.2%, based on which the content ratio of element C, O, S and Zn was estimated as 5.70 ∶0.44 ∶1.28∶1. Then the possible formation mechanism of blooming was proposed. ZnO reacted with S to form ZnS, followed by the reaction of ZnS and stearic acid to generate zinc stearate. Moreover, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) could react with ZnO to produce ZDMC during the vulcanization stage. The DOSY and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy were used together for the first time to analyze the components of blooming mixture on the surface of rubber products, which opened a new avenue to analyze unknown mixtures.
1. [1]
2. [2]
3. [3]
4. [4]
5. [5]
6. [6]
7. [7]
8. [8]
9. [9]
10. [10]
11. [11]
12. [12]
  SHARJ-SHARIFI M, TAGHVAEI-GANJALI S, MOTIEE F. J. Polym. Res., 2020, 23:111-124.
13. [13]
  WON J S, LEE J M, LEE P G, CHOI H Y, KWAK T J, LEE S G. J. Mater. Sci., 2022, 57(2):1489-1505.
14. [14]
  ZHONG Z, PENG L, SU J, LUO Z, HAN C C, HUANG X, SU Z. Soft Matter, 2022, 18(45):8605-8612.
15. [15]
16. [16]
17. [17]
18. [18]
  ZHAO Y, GAO L, LU H, LI X, TU Y, CHANG T. Polymer, 2022, 213:123202.
19. [19]
  YOU Y L, LI F F, WANG N, WANG S Q. Molecules, 2021, 26(6):1751.
20. [20]
  ZHAN H, HAO M, FENG Y, CAO S, NI Z, HUANG Y, CHEN Z. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2021, 12(3):1073-1080.
21. [21]
22. [22]
23. [23]
24. [24]
  MONDIN A, BOGIALLI S, VENZO A, FAVARO G, BADOCCO D, PASTORE P. Chemosphere, 2014, 95:379-386.
25. [25]
  YAN H, HUANG Z, CHEN M, LI C, CHEN Y, GAO M, LEI A. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 15(39):8276-8279.
26. [26]
  NAGY E M, SITRAN S, MONTOPOLI M, FAVARO M, MARCHIÒ L, CAPARROTTA L, FREGONA D. J. Inorg. Biochem., 2012, 117:131-139.
27. [27]
  PREGOSIN P S. Magn. Reson. Chem., 2017, 55(5):405-413.
28. [28]
  MALLOL R, RODRÍGUEZ M A, HERAS M, VINAIXA M, PLANA N, MASANA L, MORRIS G A, CORREIG X. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2012, 402(7):2407-2415.
29. [29]
  GUO C, YARGER J L. Magn. Reson. Chem., 2018, 56(11):1074-1082.
30. [30]
  GIUBERTONI G, ROMBOUTS G, CAPORALETTI F, DEBLAIS A, DIEST R V, REEK N. H, BONN D, WOUTERSEN S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2022:e202213424.
31. [31]
  DENG H, GONG G, LV S, CHEN Y, ZHAO Q, LIU S, CHEN S, WANG L. Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 10(2):317-326.
32. [32]
  BAKKOUR Y, DARCOS V, LI S, COUDANE J. Polym. Chem., 2012, 3(8):2006.
33. [33]
  KRUGER F W H, MCGILL W J. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1992, 45(9):1545-1556.
34. [34]
  NIEUWENHUIZEN P J, VAN DUIN M, HAASNOOT J G, REEDIJK J, MCGILL W J. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1999, 73(7):1247-1257.
1. [1]
  Hao Wu , Zhen Liu , Dachang Bai . ¹H NMR Spectrum of Amide Compounds. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 231-238. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309020
2. [2]
  Zhuoming Liang , Ming Chen , Zhiwen Zheng , Kai Chen . Multidimensional Studies on Ketone-Enol Tautomerism of 1,3-Diketones By ¹H NMR. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 361-367. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311029
3. [3]
  Jinkang Jin , Yidian Sheng , Ping Lu , Zhan Lu . Introducing a Website for Learning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrum Analysis. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 388-396. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403054
4. [4]
  Haiyang Jin , Yonghai Hui , Yongfei Zhang , Lijun Gao , Yun Wang . Application and Exploration of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer in Undergraduate Basic Laboratory Teaching. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 245-250. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406022
5. [5]
  Haolin Zhan , Qiyuan Fang , Jiawei Liu , Xiaoqi Shi , Xinyu Chen , Yuqing Huang , Zhong Chen . Noise Reduction of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Using Lightweight Deep Neural Network. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(2): 2310045-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310045
6. [6]
  .
  南开大学师唯/华北电力大学（保定）刘景维：二维配位聚合物中有序的亲锂冠醚位点用于无枝晶锂沉积
  . CCS Chemistry, 2025, 7(0): -.
7. [7]
  Chenyue Huang , Hongfei Zheng , Ning Qin , Canpei Wang , Liguang Wang , Jun Lu . Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials: Challenges and Strategies. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2308051-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308051
8. [8]
  Zhangshu Wang , Xin Zhang , Jixin Han , Xuebing Fang , Xiufeng Zhao , Zeyu Gu , Jinjun Deng . Exploration and Design of Experimental Teaching on Ultrasonic-Enhanced Synergistic Treatment of Ternary Composite Flooding Produced Water. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 116-124. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310056
9. [9]
  Jianbao Mei , Bei Li , Shu Zhang , Dongdong Xiao , Pu Hu , Geng Zhang . Enhanced Performance of Ternary NASICON-Type Na_3.5−xMn_0.5V_1.5−xZr_x (PO₄)₃/C Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407023-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407023
10. [10]
  Yufan ZHAO , Jinglin YOU , Shixiang WANG , Guopeng LIU , Xiang XIA , Yingfang XIE , Meiqin SHENG , Feiyan XU , Kai TANG , Liming LU . Raman spectroscopic quantitative study of the melt microstructure in binary Li₂O-GeO₂ functional crystals. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1533-1544. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250063
11. [11]
  Ran HUO , Zhaohui ZHANG , Xi SU , Long CHEN . Research progress on multivariate two dimensional conjugated metal organic frameworks. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2063-2074. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240195
12. [12]
  Huanhuan XIE , Yingnan SONG , Lei LI . Two-dimensional single-layer BiOI nanosheets: Lattice thermal conductivity and phonon transport mechanism. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 702-708. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240281
13. [13]
  Haiyu Zhu , Zhuoqun Wen , Wen Xiong , Xingzhan Wei , Zhi Wang . 二维半金属/硅异质结中肖特基势垒高度的准确高效预测. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(7): 100078-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100078
14. [14]
  Juntao Yan , Liang Wei . 2D S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312024-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312024
15. [15]
  Chunling Qin , Shuang Chen , Hassanien Gomaa , Mohamed A. Shenashen , Sherif A. El-Safty , Qian Liu , Cuihua An , Xijun Liu , Qibo Deng , Ning Hu . Regulating HER and OER Performances of 2D Materials by the External Physical Fields. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2307059-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307059
16. [16]
  Renjie Xue , Chao Ma , Jing He , Xuechao Li , Yanning Tang , Lifeng Chi , Haiming Zhang . Catassembly in the Host-Guest Recognition of 2D Metastable Self-Assembled Networks. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2309011-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309011
17. [17]
  Shasha SUN , Weichun HUANG , Mengke WANG . Research progress of interface regulation strategies and applications of two‑dimensional MXenes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1465-1482. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240430
18. [18]
  Baohua LÜ , Yuzhen LI . Anisotropic photoresponse of two-dimensional layered α-In₂Se₃(2H) ferroelectric materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1911-1918. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240105
19. [19]
  Huayan Liu , Yifei Chen , Mengzhao Yang , Jiajun Gu . Strategies for enhancing capacity and rate performance of two-dimensional material-based supercapacitors. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100063-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100063
20. [20]
  Runhua Chen , Qiong Wu , Jingchen Luo , Xiaolong Zu , Shan Zhu , Yongfu Sun . Defective Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Materials for Photo-/Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction: Fundamentals and Perspectives. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2308052-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308052

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(16)
Abstract views(1457)
HTML views(119)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Component Analysis of Blooming on Rubber Product Surface

南开大学师唯/华北电力大学（保定）刘景维：二维配位聚合物中有序的亲锂冠醚位点用于无枝晶锂沉积

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com