Citation: ZHAN Nan, HUANG Yi, RAO Zhu, ZHAO Xue-Liang. Fast Detection of Carbonate and Bicarbonate in Groundwater and Lake Water by Coupled Ion Selective Electrodes[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, ;2016, 44(3): 355-360. doi: 10.11895/j.issn.0253-3820.150866 shu

Fast Detection of Carbonate and Bicarbonate in Groundwater and Lake Water by Coupled Ion Selective Electrodes

ZHAN Nan ¹ ,
HUANG Yi ¹ ,
RAO Zhu ^1,, ,
ZHAO Xue-Liang ²

1.
¹ National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China;
2.
² Centre for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Baoding 071051, China

Corresponding author: RAO Zhu,
Received Date: 30 October 2015
Available Online: 30 November 2015
Fund Project: 本文系国土资源公益性行业科研专项经费项目(No.201411083-3) (No.201411083-3)中国地质调查项目(No.1212011120283) (No.1212011120283)中国地质调查项目(No.1212010816028)资助 (No.1212010816028)

The content of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) and carbonate (CO₃^2-) ions in groundwater and lake water reflects a broad set of carbon cycling reactions associated with decomposition or synthesis of organic compounds with mineral dissolution or precipitation, which indicates the local geochemical environment. However, the content of HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- changes easily under the influence of pH, temperature, atmosphere pressure in the process of sampling, transportation and storage, so it has been a worldwide problem to determine the real content of HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- ions in groundwater and lake water. This article proposed a new way to solve the problem by fast field detection of HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- ions through the use of pH electrode combined with carbon dioxide electrode. Studies showed in the base solution of pH=4.8 ± 0.1, the detection range of HCO₃^- ion was 0.027-570 mg/L and that of CO₃^2- was 1.25×10^-8-39.7 mg/L. In the most case, the coexisting ions and weak acid (K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2-<100 mg/L; HSO₃^-, NO₂^-, HOAc<50 mg/L) did not interfere with the analysis. The method was validated for real water samples and the recoveries were in the range of 95.2%-99.2% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.6%-3.7%. Compared with the acid-base titration method, the accuracy of this method had proved to be good. However, the method could be affected by temperature, so the standard solution and samples should be measured at the same temperature. Above all, this method is suitable for fast field analysis for HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- ions in the nature water as it is sensitive, fast, economical, and the electrodes are easy to carry and operate. It has been successfully applied in the determination of HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- in groundwater and lake water in Qinghai Province. Experiment showed that the pH of the groundwater samples from Haidong district was 6.4-7.4, with 234-4096 mg/L HCO₃^- and 0.16-1.89 mg/L CO₃^2-. The pH of the lake water samples was about 8.7, with 1.36-1.86 g/L HCO₃^- and 32.3-43.9 mg/L CO₃^2-, which was consistent with the previous results.
- Carbon dioxide electrode,
- pH electrode,
- Bicarbonate,
- Carbonate,
- Groundwater,
- Lake water
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