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Citation: Ling HUANG, Cheng-Zhi ZHANG, Jun TAN. Effect of calcination time on structure and characterization of a full concentration-gradient LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2023, 39(5): 979-991. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2023.054 shu

Effect of calcination time on structure and characterization of a full concentration-gradient LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material

  • Analysis and Test Center, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China

  • Corresponding author: Jun TAN, tanjun@jihualab.ac.cn
  • Received Date: 8 December 2022
    Revised Date: 31 March 2023

Figures(9)

  • Core-shell structure precursor Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05(OH)2 was synthesized via co-precipitation by adjusting the Al solution with three flow rates (Each flow rate worked for three hours). The core of the precursor was a uniform structure with a composition of Ni0.88Co0.12(OH)2; and the shell of the precursor was a concentration-gradient structure with a composition of Ni0.72Co0.18Al0.10(OH)2, which Ni content decreased gradually while Al content increased steadily from the surface of the core to the particle surface. A mixture of this core-shell structure precursor and LiOH·H2O was sintered at 700 ℃ for different sintering times in the O2 atmosphere to obtain a full concentration gradient and spherical LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2. The diffusion of Ni, Co, and Al under different calcination times led to a concentration gradient variation of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2, which displayed different electrochemical performance. When the sintering time was 12 h, the obtained material had a well-designed concentration-gradient structure: from the core to particle surface, the content (atomic fraction) of Ni decreased from 0.855 to 0.732, while the content of Al content increased steadily from 0.003 to 0.115. And the content of Co first increased from 0.142 to 0.163 and then decreased to 0.153. This cathode material had a lower degree of cation mixing and well-developed layered characteristics. It had a discharge capacity of 201.3 mAh·g-1 at 0.2C, which was just under 205.8 mAh·g-1 of the homogeneous one; and it showed excellent capacity retention of 71.6% after 200 cycles, which was much higher than that of the homogeneous material (54.6%). It is attributed to a good Ni-deficient and Al/Co-rich out-layer, which can reduce anisotropic volume variations and electrode polarization during cycling. As a result, it could reduce the charge-transfer resistance of the electrode, and prevent the formation and extension of micro-cracks on the electrode′s surface. This cathode material is easy for industrial application because the pH value of the co-precipitation reaction is quite stable and its concentration gradient structure is controllable by adjusting the flow rates of the Al solution and the calcination time. Furthermore, the pH value of the co-precipitation reaction shifted only when the injection rate of the Al solution was adjusted. After that, the pH value quickly returned to keep constant, and the precursor had high crystallinity and good consistency of the material.
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