Citation: Hanyong Wang, Weijia Zhang, Chenlu Huang, Xinyu Yang, Qingyu Yu, Hai Wang, Wen Li, Linhua Zhang, Dunwan Zhu. Personalized tumor vaccines based on carrier-free double-adjuvant nanoparticles and tumor-associated antigens for enhancing immune responses[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2025, 36(7): 111092. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111092 shu

Personalized tumor vaccines based on carrier-free double-adjuvant nanoparticles and tumor-associated antigens for enhancing immune responses

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China

liwen@bme.pumc.edu.cn

zhanglinhua@bme.pumc.edu.cn

zhudunwan@bme.pumc.edu.cn

Received Date: 25 October 2024
Revised Date: 13 March 2025
Accepted Date: 14 March 2025
Available Online: 14 March 2025

Figures(5)

Immune adjuvants are extremely important in tumor vaccines, which can amplify antigen-specific immune responses and enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Nevertheless, well-designed adjuvants and rational combination of adjuvants and antigens still remain a challenge in tumor vaccines. In this study, we designed and formulated carrier-free double-adjuvant nanoparticles (FPC-NPs) by self-assembling of fluoroalkane-grafted polyethylenimide (PEI) (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist) and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) (TLR9 agonist), and then obtained personalized tumor vaccines (FPC-NPs@TAAs) by electrostatic adsorption of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on the surface of FPC-NPs. The results showed that FPC-NPs@TAAs could promote cellular internalization of adjuvants, deliver antigens and adjuvants to the same antigen-presenting cell, which can effectively activate dendritic cells, encourage cross-presentation of antigens, and reduce the proportion of M2-type macrophages. Our work presents a simple method to realize the dual adjuvant combination of TLR4 and TLR9 via well-designed carrier-free nanoparticles, showing great promise for developing personalized tumor vaccines to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
- Personalized tumor vaccines,
- Carrier-free nanoparticles,
- Antigen cross-presentation,
- TLR agonists,
- Tumor-associated antigens
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