Citation: Fukui Shen, Wen Yang, Kaixue Zhang, Yanting Jiao, Jing Cui, Yuanyuan Hou, Gang Bai. A temperature-regulated bioorthogonal reaction to target lysine: Hemiacetal pharmacophore in genipin irreversibly binds with UCP2, inhibiting mitochondrial thermogenesis[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2023, 34(10): 108203. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108203 shu

A temperature-regulated bioorthogonal reaction to target lysine: Hemiacetal pharmacophore in genipin irreversibly binds with UCP2, inhibiting mitochondrial thermogenesis

State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China

houyy@nankai.edu.cn

gangbai@nankai.edu.cn

Received Date: 8 November 2022
Revised Date: 2 February 2023
Accepted Date: 8 February 2023
Available Online: 17 July 2023

Figures(5)

Mitochondria are essential for eukaryotic life as powerhouses for energy metabolism. Excessive mitochondrial hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been associated with aging, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is the effector responsible for regulating cellular thermogenesis and ROS production via dissipating protons in an electrochemical gradient. A UCP2 inhibitor named genipin (GNP) is being researched for its effect on mitochondrial temperature, but little is known about its mechanisms. This study developed several molecular probes to explore the interactions between GNP and UCP2. The result indicated that the hemiacetal structure in GNP could selectively react with the ɛ-amine of lysine on the UCP2 proton leakage channel through ring-opening condensation at the mitochondrial, cellular, and animal levels. A notable feature of the reaction is its temperature sensitivity and ability to conjugate with UCP2 at high fever as lysine-specific covalent inhibitors that prevent mitochondrial thermogenesis. The result not only clarifies the existence of an antipyretic properties of GNP via its irreversible coupling to UCP2, but also reveals a bioorthogonal reaction of hemiacetal iridoid aglycone for selectively binding with the ɛ-amine of lysine on proteins.
- Bioorthogonal reaction,
- Mitochondria,
- Genipin,
- UCP2,
- Irreversible binding
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