Citation: Yi Ma, Xiuli Wang, Can Li. Charge separation promoted by phase junctions in photocatalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, ;2015, 36(9): 1519-1527. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60874-9 shu

Charge separation promoted by phase junctions in photocatalysts

Yi Ma ^a,b ,
Xiuli Wang ^a,b ,
Can Li ^a,b,,

1.
a State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China;

Corresponding author: Can Li,
Received Date: 9 April 2015
Available Online: 22 April 2015
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(21203185) (21203185) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划, 2014CB239403). (973计划, 2014CB239403)

Since the 1980s, photocatalysis research has expanded at an unexpected rate. Fabrication of phase junctions has proved to be an effective method to enhance photocatalytic performance. As a model photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been extensively studied. This feature article mainly reviews the study on TiO₂ surface phase junctions, including the characterization of the surface phases of TiO₂, the use of anatase: rutile TiO₂ phase junctions in photocatalytic hydrogen production, and the current understanding of how TiO₂ phase junctions work in photocatalysis. The surface structure of TiO₂ can be well characterized by ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectroscopy, unlike X-ray diffraction and visible Raman spectroscopy. Based on these results, the mechanism of phase transformation processes of TiO₂ was clearly identified. The infrared (IR) spectra of probe molecules CO and CO₂ on TiO₂ further characterized the surface structure of TiO₂, strongly supporting the UV Raman results. Furthermore, the typical visible emission of anatase and near-infrared emission of the rutile phase of TiO₂ make photoluminescence (PL) a suitable technique to characterize the surface phase structure of TiO₂. PL can also provide information about the carrier dynamics of TiO₂ in photocatalysis. Because of the surface phase junction formed between anatase and rutile, the mixed-phase structure of TiO₂ exhibits a superior H₂ production activity to those of pure anatase or rutile phase. The activity of Degussa P25 TiO₂ can be further increased by three to five times by tuning the phase structure through thermal treatment. Moreover, the phase transformation of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile can be controlled by surface modification with Na₂SO₄, resulting in catalysts with activity six times higher than that of P25. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy provided a clear phase-junction image of TiO₂, which showed atomic contact at the interface of the phase junction. The mechanism of phase junctions improving photocatalytic performance was investigated by time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The charge transfer process across the anatase: rutile phase junction was confirmed by the results of time-resolved IR measurements, and electron transfer from anatase to rutile phases is proposed to occur in mixed-phase TiO₂. These studies on the phase junctions of TiO₂ improve our understanding of photocatalysis and may inspire new ideas for the design of promising photocatalytic systems.
- Photocatalysis,
- Phase-junction,
- Charge separation,
- Solar energy,
- Titanium oxide
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