Citation: Tian-Fu Li, Yi-Yun Cheng, Yu Wang, Hui Wang, Dong-Feng Chen, Yun-Tao Liu, Li Zhang, Wen-Ze Han, Rong-Deng Liu, Zi-Jun Wang, Chun-Ming Yang, Charl J. Jafta, Daniel Clemens, Uwe Keiderling. Analysis of Dimer Impurity in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Solutions by Small-angle Neutron Scattering[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, ;2019, 37(8): 827-833. doi: 10.1007/s10118-019-2260-x shu

Analysis of Dimer Impurity in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Solutions by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

a.
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
b.
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
c.
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
d.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fürMaterialien und Energie, Lise-Meitner-Campus, Berlin 14109, Germany

Corresponding author: Tian-Fu Li, litianfu.li@163.com Yi-Yun Cheng, yycheng@mail.ustc.edu.cn
Received Date: 30 January 2019
Revised Date: 9 March 2019
Available Online: 25 April 2019

Dimer impurity in the solution of a generation five (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The existence of dimer impurity in dendrimer solution was evidenced by indirect Fourier transform (IFT) analysis of the SANS data, in which the maximum dimension of particles in solution was found to be about twice the diameter of G5 dendrimer. We then developed an analytical model which accounts for the scattering contribution from both dendrimer monomer and dimer. The experimental data were well fitted by using the established model. The results showed that the amount of dimer impurities is significant for the measured three batches of G5 PAMAM dendrimers.
- PAMAM dendrimer,
- Dimer impurity,
- Small-angle neutron scattering,
- Scattering model
1. [1]
  Tomalia, D. A.; Khanna, S. N. A Systematic framework and nanoperiodic concept for unifying nanoscience: hard/soft nanoelements, superatoms, meta-atoms, new emerging properties, periodic property patterns, and predictive mendeleev-like nanoperiodic tables. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 2705-2774. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00367
2. [2]
  Tomalia, D. A. Birth of a new macromolecular architecture: Dendrimers as quantized building blocks for nanoscale synthetic polymer chemistry. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 294-324. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.01.007
3. [3]
  Tomalia, D. A. Interview: An architectural journey: from trees, dendrons/dendrimers to nanomedicine. Nanomedicine 2012, 7, 953-956. doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.81
4. [4]
  Zhao, L.; Wu, Q.; Cheng, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wu, J.; Xu, T. High-throughput screening of dendrimer-binding drugs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13182-13184. doi: 10.1021/ja106128u
5. [5]
  Wang, H.; Huang, Q.; Chang, H.; Xiao, J.; Cheng, Y. Stimuli-responsive dendrimers in drug delivery. Biomater. Sci. 2016, 4, 375-390. doi: 10.1039/C5BM00532A
6. [6]
  Hu, J.; Xu, T.; Cheng, Y. NMR insights into dendrimer-based host-guest systems. Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 3856-3891. doi: 10.1021/cr200333h
7. [7]
  Svenson, S.; Tomalia, D. A. Dendrimers in biomedical applications−reflections on the field. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2005, 57, 2106-2129. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.018
8. [8]
  Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Hu, J.; Li, T.; Liu, H.; Zhang, Q.; Cheng, Y. Self-assembled fluorodendrimers combine the features of lipid and polymeric vectors in gene delivery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 11647-11651. doi: 10.1002/anie.201501461
9. [9]
  Wang, M.; Liu, H.; Li, L.; Cheng, Y. A fluorinated dendrimer achieves excellent gene transfection efficacy at extremely low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3053. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4053
10. [10]
  Cheng, Y. Fluorinated polymers in gene delivery. Acta Polymerica Sinica 2017, 8, 1234-1245.
11. [11]
  Kallos, G. J.; Tomalia, D. A.; Hedstrand, D. M.; Lewis, S.; Zhou, J. Molecular weight determination of a polyamidoamine starburst polymer by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1991, 5, 383-386. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0231
12. [12]
  Tomalia, D. A.; Baker, H.; Dewald, J.; Hall, M.; Kallos, G.; Martin, S.; Roeck, J.; Ryder, J.; Smith, P. A New class of polymers: starburst-dendritic macromolecules. Polym. J. 1985, 17, 117-132. doi: 10.1295/polymj.17.117
13. [13]
  Tolic, L. P.; Anderson, G. A.; Smith, R. D.; Brothers, H. M.; Spindler, R.; Tomalia, D. A. Electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric characterization of high molecular mass StarburstTM dendrimers. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 165/166, 405-418. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00161-4
14. [14]
  Peterson, J.; Allikmaa, V.; Subbi, J.; Pehk, T.; Lopp, M. Structural deviations in poly(amidoamine) dendrimers: A MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Eur. Polym. J. 2003, 39, 33-42. doi: 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00188-X
15. [15]
  Aura, T.; Ungaro, R.; Liu, X.; Chen, C.; Giordano, L.; Peng, L.; Charles, L. Structural characterization of new defective molecules in poly(amidoamide) dendrimers by combining mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Anal. Chim. Acta 2015, 853, 451-459. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.048
16. [16]
  Mohammad, T. I.; Shi, X.; Balogh, L.; Baker, J. R. HPLC Separation of different generations of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified with various terminal groups. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 2063-2070. doi: 10.1021/ac048383x
17. [17]
  Mullen, D. G.; Desai, A.; van Dongen, M. A.; Barash, M.; Baker, J. R.; Banaszak Holl, M. M. Best practices for purification and characterization of PAMAM dendrimer. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 5316. doi: 10.1021/ma300485p
18. [18]
  van Dongen, M. A.; Desai, A.; Orr, B. G.; Baker, J. R.; Banaszak Hol, M. M. Quantitative analysis of generation and branch defects in g5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer. Polymer 2013, 54, 4126-4133. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.062
19. [19]
  Likos, C. N. Soft matter with soft particles. Soft Matter 2006, 2, 478-498. doi: 10.1039/b601916c
20. [20]
  Caminade, A. M.; Laurent, R.; Majoral, J. P. Characterization of dendrimers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2005, 57, 2130-2146. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.011
21. [21]
  Wang, X.; Guerrand, L.; Wu, B.; Li, X.; Boldon, L.; Chen, W. R. Liu, L. Characterizations of polyamidoamine dendrimers with scattering techniques. Polymers 2012, 4, 600-616. doi: 10.3390/polym4010600
22. [22]
  Topp, A.; Bauer, B. J.; Kilmash, K. W.; Spindler, R.; Tomalia, D. A.; Amis, E. J. Effect of solvent quality on the molecular dimensions of PAMAM dendrimers. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 7226-7231. doi: 10.1021/ma990125s
23. [23]
  Imae, T.; Funayama, K.; Aoi, K.; Tsutsumiuchi, K.; Okada, M.; Furusaka, M. Small-angle neutron scattering and surface force investigations of poly(amido amine) dendrimer with hydroxyl end groups. Langmuir 1999, 15, 4076-4084. doi: 10.1021/la9811968
24. [24]
  Pötschke, D.; Ballauff, M.; Lindner, P.; Fischer, M.; Vögtle, F. Analysis of the structure of dendrimers in solution by small-angle neutron scattering including contrast variation. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4079-4087. doi: 10.1021/ma982027x
25. [25]
  Rosenfeldt, S.; Dingenouts, N.; Ballauff, M.; Werner, N.; Vögtle, F.; Lindner, P. Distribution of end groups within a dendritic structure: A SANS study including contrast variation. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 8098-8105. doi: 10.1021/ma020585c
26. [26]
  Rathgeber, S.; Monkenbusch, M.; Kreitschmann, M.; Urban, V.; Brulet, A. Dynamics of star-burst dendrimers in solution in relation to their structural properties. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117, 4047-4062. doi: 10.1063/1.1493771
27. [27]
  Huang, Q. R.; Dubin, P. L.; Lal, J.; Moorefield, C. N.; Newkome, G. R. Small-angle neutron scattering studies of charged carboxyl-terminated dendrimers in solutions. Langmuir 2005, 21, 2737-2742. doi: 10.1021/la048207j
28. [28]
  Porcar, L.; Liu, Y.; Verduzco, R.; Hong, K.; Butler, P. D.; Magid, L. J.; Smith, G. S.; Chen, W. R. Structural investigation of PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solutions using small-angle neutron scattering: effect of generation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 14772-14778. doi: 10.1021/jp805297a
29. [29]
  Li, T.; Shao, N.; Liu, Y.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Chen, D.; Cheng, Y. Poly(amidoamine) and poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers show distinct binding behaviors with sodium dodecyl sulfate: insights from SAXS and NMR analysis. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 3074-3084. doi: 10.1021/jp412660p
30. [30]
  Li, T.; Hong, K.; Porcar, L.; Verduzco, R.; Butler, P. D.; Smith, G. S.; Liu, Y.; Chen, W. R. Assess the intramolecular cavity of a PAMAM dendrimer in aqueous solution by small-angle neutron scattering. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 8916-8920. doi: 10.1021/ma801555j
31. [31]
  Chen, W. R.; Porcar, L.; Liu, Y.; Butler, P. D.; Magid, L. J. Small-angle neutron scattering studies of the counterion effects on the molecular conformation and structure of charged G4 PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solutions. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 5887-5898. doi: 10.1021/ma0626564
32. [32]
  Keiderling, U.; Wiedenmann, A. New SANS instrument at the BerII Reactor in Berlin, Germany. Physica B 1995, 213/214, 895-897. doi: 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00316-2
33. [33]
  Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie. V4: The Small-Angle Scattering Instrument (SANS) at BER II. Journal of large-scale research facilities 2016, 2, A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-101. doi: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-101
34. [34]
  Keiderling, U. The new ‘BerSANS-PC’ software for reduction and treatment of small-angle neutron scattering data. Appl. Phys. A 2002, 74, 1455-1457. doi: 10.1007/s003390201561
35. [35]
  Glatter, O. A new method for the evaluation of small-angle scattering data. J. Appl. Cryst. 1977, 10, 415-421. doi: 10.1107/S0021889877013879
36. [36]
  Svergun, D. Determination of the regularization parameter in indirect-transform methods using perceptual criteria. J. Appl. Cryst. 1992, 25, 495-503. doi: 10.1107/S0021889892001663
37. [37]
  Chen, S. H. Small-angle neutron scattering studies of the structure and interaction in micellar and microemulsion systems. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1986, 37, 351-399. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pc.37.100186.002031
38. [38]
  Guinier, A.; Fournet, G. Small-angle scattering of X-rays. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1955, p. 1−78.
1. [1]
  Ce Liang , Qiuhui Sun , Adel Al-Salihy , Mengxin Chen , Ping Xu . Recent advances in crystal phase induced surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109306-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109306
2. [2]
  Chengde Wang , Liping Huang , Shanshan Wang , Lihao Wu , Yi Wang , Jun Dong . A distinction of gliomas at cellular and tissue level by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109383-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109383
3. [3]
  Jie Ren , Hao Zong , Yaqun Han , Tianyi Liu , Shufen Zhang , Qiang Xu , Suli Wu . Visual identification of silver ornament by the structural color based on Mie scattering of ZnO spheres. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109350-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109350
4. [4]
  Tao Wei , Jiahao Lu , Pan Zhang , Qi Zhang , Guang Yang , Ruizhi Yang , Daifen Chen , Qian Wang , Yongfu Tang . An intermittent lithium deposition model based on bimetallic MOFs derivatives for dendrite-free lithium anode with ultrahigh areal capacity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109122-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109122
5. [5]
  Kuan Deng , Fei Yang , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Bi-Wen Ren , Hua Liu , Jiao Chen , Meng-Yao She , Le Yu , Xiao-Gang Liu , Hai-Tao Feng , Jian-Li Li . Construction of wavelength-tunable DSE quinoline salt derivatives by regulating the hybridization form of the nitrogen atom and intramolecular torsion angle. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109464-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109464
6. [6]
  Kun Zhang , Ni Dan , Dan-Dan Ren , Ruo-Yu Zhang , Xiaoyan Lu , Ya-Pan Wu , Li-Lei Zhang , Hong-Ru Fu , Dong-Sheng Li . A small D-A molecule with highly heat-resisting room temperature phosphorescence for white emission and anti-counterfeiting. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100244-100244. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100244
7. [7]
  Aolei Tan , Xiaoxiao Ma . Exploring the functional roles of small-molecule metabolites in disease research: Recent advancements in metabolomics. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109276-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109276

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(640)
HTML views(11)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142