Citation: Quan-You Feng, Bin Li, Zong-Yan Zuo, Song-Lin Xie, Meng-Na Yu, Bin Liu, Ying Wei, Ling-Hai Xie, Rui-Dong Xia, Wei Huang. A Comparison Study of Physicochemical Properties and Stabilities of H-Shaped Molecule and the Corresponding Polymer[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, ;2019, 37(1): 11-17. doi: 10.1007/s10118-018-2152-5 shu

A Comparison Study of Physicochemical Properties and Stabilities of H-Shaped Molecule and the Corresponding Polymer

Quan-You Feng ^a,† ,
Bin Li ^a,† ,
Zong-Yan Zuo ^a ,
Song-Lin Xie ^a ,
Meng-Na Yu ^a ,
Bin Liu ^a ,
Ying Wei ^a ,
Ling-Hai Xie ^a,, ,
Rui-Dong Xia ^a ,
Wei Huang ^a,b

a.
Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
b.
Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Ling-Hai Xie, iamlhxie@njupt.edu.cn
Received Date: 26 March 2018
Revised Date: 4 May 2018
Accepted Date: 5 May 2018
Available Online: 1 June 2018

Rare attention has been paid to the comparison between a monomer and its corresponding polymer in terms of the optoelectronic characteristics. In this article, a model H-shaped molecule and its corresponding polymer, both of which exhibited similar properties including blue emission and solution processing, were designed and synthesized. Optoelectronic properties and various kinds of stability features, including the thermostabilities, spectral stabilities and amplified spontaneous emission characteristic of the monomer and polymer were investigated. In general, the corresponding polymer PH exhibited similar optoelectronic properties but deteriorated stabilities compared with its H-shaped monomer H-1 probably owing to the similar chemical structure but the wider molecular weight distribution and metal catalyst residue. Importantly, monomer H-1 displayed a comparable ASE threshold value with its polymer PH , suggesting that H-shaped fluorene-based small molecules may be more promising optical gain media in solid state amplifers and lasers.
- Fluorene,
- H-shape,
- Stability,
- Optoelectronic materials
1. [1]
  Xie, L. H.; Yin, C. R.; Lai, W. Y.; Fan, Q. L.; Huang, W. Polyfluorene-based semiconductors combined with various periodic table elements for organic electronics. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012, 37(9), 1192-1264. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.003
2. [2]
  Cao, Y.; Zhang, J.; Bai, Y.; Li, R.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M. ; Wang, P. Dye-sensitized solar cells with solvent-free ionic liquid electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112(35), 13775-13781. doi: 10.1021/jp805027v
3. [3]
  Feldblyum, J. I.; Mccreery, C. H.; Andrews, S. C.; Kurosawa, T.; Santos, E. J.; Duong, V.; Fang, L.; Ayzner, A. L.; Bao, Z. Few-layer, large-area, 2D covalent organic framework semiconductor thin films. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51(73), 13894-13897. doi: 10.1039/C5CC04679C
4. [4]
  White, M. S.; Kaltenbrunner, M.; Głowacki, E. D.; Gutnichenko, K.; Kettlgruber, G.; Graz, I.; Aazou, S.; Ulbricht, C.; Egbe, D. A. M.; Miron, M. C.; Major, Z.; Scharber, M. C.; Sekitani, T.; Someya, T.; Bauer, S.; Sariciftci, N. S. Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs. Nat. Photonics 2013, 7(10), 811-816. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2013.188
5. [5]
  Sun, M. L.; Zhong, C. M.; Li, F. ; Pei, Q. B. Purified polar polyfluorene for light-emitting diodes and light-emitting electrochemical cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2012, 30(4), 503-510. doi: 10.1007/s10118-012-1132-4
6. [6]
  Grimsdale, A. C.; Chan, K. L.; Martin, R. E.; Jokisz, P. G.; Holmes, A. B. Synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109(3), 897-1091. doi: 10.1021/cr000013v
7. [7]
  Prasad, L. G. Azo dye doped polymer films for nonlinear optical applications. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2014, 32(5), 650-657. doi: 10.1007/s10118-014-1441-x
8. [8]
  Ford, E. B.; Lystad, V.; Rasio, F. A. Planet-planet scattering in the upsilon Andromedae system. Nature 2005, 434(7035), 873-876. doi: 10.1038/nature03427
9. [9]
  Wei, Q.; Li, Y.; Liu, J. G.; Fang, Q. Y.; Li, J. W.; Yan, X. H.; Xie, L. H.; Qian, Y.; Xia, R. D.; Huang, W. A High performance deep blue organic laser gain material. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2017, 5(8), 1601003. doi: 10.1002/adom.201601003
10. [10]
  Samuel, I. D. W.; Turnbull, G. A. Organic semiconductor lasers. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107(4), 1272-1295. doi: 10.1021/cr050152i
11. [11]
  Islam, A.; Liu, Z. Y.; Peng, R. X.; Jiang, W. G.; Lei, T.; Li, W.; Zhang, L.; Yang, R. J.; Guan, Q.; Ge, Z. Y. Furan-containing conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2017, 35(2), 171-183. doi: 10.1007/s10118-017-1886-9
12. [12]
  Brabec, C. J.; Gowrisanker, S.; Halls, J. J.; Laird, D.; Jia, S.; Williams, S. P. Polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22(34), 3839-3856. doi: 10.1002/adma.200903697
13. [13]
  Guenes, S.; Neugebauer, H.; Sariciftci, N. S. Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107(4), 1324-1338. doi: 10.1021/cr050149z
14. [14]
  Sirringhaus, H. Device physics of solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17(20), 2411-2425. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
15. [15]
  Hamadani, B. H.; Natelson, D. Temperature-dependent contact resistances in high-quality polymer field-effect transistors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84(3), 443-445. doi: 10.1063/1.1639945
16. [16]
  Yap, B. K.; Xia, R. D.; Campoy-Quiles, M.; Stavrinou, P. N.; Bradley, D. D. Simultaneous optimization of charge-carrier mobility and optical gain in semiconducting polymer films. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7(5), 376-380. doi: 10.1038/nmat2165
17. [17]
  Yu, M. N.; Ou, C. J.; Liu, B.; Lin, D. Q.; Liu, Y. Y.; Xue, W.; Lin, Z. Q.; Lin, J. Y.; Qian, Y.; Wang, S. S.; Cao, H. T.; Bian, L. Y.; Xie, L. H.; Huang, W. Progress in fluorene-based wide-bandgap steric semiconductors. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2017, 35(2), 155-170. doi: 10.1007/s10118-017-1897-6
18. [18]
  Rabe, T.; Hoping, M.; Schneider, D.; Becker, E.; Johannes, H. H.; Kowalsky, W.; Weimann, T.; Wang, J.; Hinze, P.; Nehls, B. S.; Scherf, U.; Farrell, T. ; Riedl, T. Threshold reduction in polymer lasers based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) with statistical binaphthyl units. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15(7), 1188-1192. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
19. [19]
  Kuehne, A. J. C.; Kaiser, M.; Mackintosh, A. R.; Wallikewitz, B. H.; Hertel, D.; Pethrick, R. A.; Meerholz, K. Sub-micrometer patterning of amorphous- and β-phase in a crosslinkable poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene): dual-wavelength lasing from a mixed-morphology device. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21 (13), 2564-2570. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201002553
20. [20]
  Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Long, X.; Chamberlain, T.; Inbasekaran, M.; Woo, E. P.; Soliman, M. Chain geometry, solution aggregation and enhanced dichroism in the liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). Acta Polym. 1998, 49(8), 439-444. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4044
21. [21]
  Kuehne, A. J. C.; Mackintosh, A. R.; Pethrick, R. A. β-Phase formation in a crosslinkable poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene). Polymer. 2011, 52(24), 5538-5542. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.044
22. [22]
  Lin, J. Y.; Zhu, W. S.; Liu, F.; Xie, L. H.; Zhang, L.; Xia, R. D.; Xing, G. C.; Huang, W. A Rational molecular design of β-phase polydiarylfluorenes: synthesis, morphology, and organic lasers. Macromolecules. 2014, 47 (3), 1001-1007. doi: 10.1021/ma402585n
23. [23]
  Liu, B.; Lin, J. Y.; Liu, F.; Yu, M. N.; Zhang, X.W.; Xia, R. D.; Yang, T.; Fang, Y. T.; Xie, L. H.; Huang, W. A Highly Crystalline and wide-bandgap polydiarylfluorene with beta-phase conformation toward stable electroluminescence and dual amplified spontaneous emission. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8 (33), 21648-21655. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b05247
24. [24]
  Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Ungar, G.; Hill, J.; Whitehead, K. S. Interplay of physical structure and photophysics for a liquid crystalline polyfluorene. Macromolecules 1999, 32(18), 5810-5817. doi: 10.1021/ma990741o
25. [25]
  Knaapila, M.; Torkkeli, M.; Galbrecht, F.; Scherf, U. Crystalline and noncrystalline forms of poly(9,9-diheptylfluorene). Macromolecules 2013, 46(3), 836-843. doi: 10.1021/ma3023124
26. [26]
  Chen, S. H.; Su, A. C.; Su, C. H. ; Chen, S. A. Crystalline forms and emission behavior of poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluorene). Macromolecules 2005, 38(2), 379-385. doi: 10.1021/ma048162t
27. [27]
  Tang, R. P.; Tan, Z. A.; Li, Y. F.; Xi, F. Synthesis of new conjugated polyfluorene derivatives bearing triphenylamine moiety through a vinylene bridge and their stable blue electroluminescence. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18(4), 1053-1061. doi: 10.1021/cm0522735
28. [28]
  Setayesh, S.; Grimsdale, A. C.; Weil, T.; Enkelmann, V.; Mullen, K.; Meghdadi, F.; List, E. J. W.; Leising, G. Polyfluorenes with polyphenylene dendron side chains: Toward non-aggregating, light-emitting polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123(5), 946-953. doi: 10.1021/ja0031220
29. [29]
  Lee, J.; Cho, H. J.; Jung, B. J.; Cho, N. S.; Shim, H. K. Stabilized blue luminescent polyfluorenes: Introducing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Macromolecules 2004, 37(23), 8523-8529. doi: 10.1021/ma0497759
30. [30]
  Jiang, Z.; Liu, Z.; Yang, C.; Zhong, C.; Qin, J.; Yu, G.; Liu, Y. Multifunctional fluorene-based oligomers with novel spiro-annulated triarylamine: efficient, stable deep-blue electroluminescence, good hole injection, and transporting materials with very high T_g. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19(24), 3987-3995. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
31. [31]
  Wu, Y. G.; Li, J.; Fu, Y. Q.; Bo, Z. S. Synthesis of extremely stable blue light emitting poly(spirobifluorene)s with suzuki polycondensation. Org. Lett. 2004, 6(20), 3485-3487. doi: 10.1021/ol048709o
32. [32]
  Kanibolotsky, A. L.; Berridge, R.; Skabara, P. J.; Perepichka, I. F.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Koeberg, M. Synthesis and properties of monodisperse oligofluorene-functionalized truxenes: Highly fluorescent star-shaped architectures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126(42), 13695-13702. doi: 10.1021/ja039228n
33. [33]
  Zhou, X. H.; Yan, J. C.; Pei, J. Synthesis and relationships between the structures and properties of monodisperse star-shaped oligofluorenes. Org. Lett. 2003, 5(19), 3543-3546. doi: 10.1021/ol035461e
34. [34]
  Liu, X. M.; Xu, J. W.; Lu, X. H.; He, C. B. Novel glassy tetra(N-alkyl-3-bromocarbazole-6-yl)silanes as building blocks for efficient and nonaggregating blue-light-emitting tetrahedral materials. Org. Lett. 2005, 7 (14), 2829-2832. doi: 10.1021/ol050687y
35. [35]
  Chen, X. W.; Tseng, H. E.; Liao, J. L.; Chen, S. A. Green emission from end-group-enhanced aggregation in polydioetylfluorene. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109(37), 17496-17502. doi: 10.1021/jp052549w
36. [36]
  Qian, Y.; Wei, Q.; Del Pozo, G.; Mroz, M. M.; Luer, L.; Casado, S.; Cabanillas-Gonzalez, J.; Zhang, Q.; Xie, L.; Xia, R. ; Huang, W. H-shaped oligofluorenes for highly air-stable and low-threshold non-doped deep blue lasing. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26 (18), 2937-2942. doi: 10.1002/adma.v26.18
37. [37]
  Xie, L. H.; Hou, X. Y.; Tang, C.; Hua, Y. R.; Wang, R. J.; Chen, R. F.; Fan, Q. L.; Wang, L. H.; Wei, W.; Peng, B.; Huang, W. Novel H-shaped persistent architecture based on a dispiro building block system. Org. Lett. 2006, 8(7), 1363-1366. doi: 10.1021/ol060109x
38. [38]
  Zhao, L.; Wang, S. M.; Shao, S. Y.; Ding, J. Q.; Wang, L. X.; Jing, X. B.; Wang, F. S. Stable and efficient deep-blue terfluorenes functionalized with carbazole dendrons for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes. J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3 (34), 8895-8903. doi: 10.1039/C5TC01711D
39. [39]
  Li, M.; Tang, S.; Shen, F. Z.; Liu, M. R.; Xie, W. J.; Xia, H.; Liu, L. L.; Tian, L. L.; Xie, Z. Q.; Lu, P.; Hanif, M.; Lu, D.; Cheng, G.; Ma, Y. G. Highly luminescent network films from electrochemical deposition of peripheral carbazole functionalized fluorene oligomer and their applications for light-emitting diodes. Chem. Commun. 2006, 3393-3395. doi: 10.1039/b607242a
40. [40]
  Ou, C. J.; Ding, X. H.; Li, Y. X.; Zhu, C.; Yu, M. N.; Xie, L. H.; Lin, J. Y.; Xu, C. X.; Huang, W. Conformational effect of polymorphic terfluorene on photophysics, crystal morphologies, and lasing behaviors. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121(27), 14803-14810. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03366
41. [41]
  Giovanella, U.; Botta, C.; Galeotti, F.; Vercelli, B.; Battiato, S.; Pasini, M. Perfluorinated polymer with unexpectedly efficient deep blue electroluminescence for full-colour OLED displays and light therapy applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1(34), 5322-5329. doi: 10.1039/c3tc31139b
42. [42]
  Yu, M. N.; Soleimaninejad, H.; Lin, J. Y.; Zuo, Z. Y.; Liu, B.; Bo, Y. F.; Bai, L. B.; Han, Y. M.; Smith, T. A.; Xu, M.; Wu, X. P.; Dunstan, D. E.; Xia, R. D.; Xie, L. H.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Huang, W. Photophysical and fluorescence anisotropic behavior of polyfluorene β-conformation films. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9(2), 364-372. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03148
1. [1]
  Jingyuan Yang , Xinyu Tian , Liuzhong Yuan , Yu Liu , Yue Wang , Chuandong Dou . Enhancing stability of diradical polycyclic hydrocarbons via P=O-attaching. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109745-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109745
2. [2]
  Ting Wang , Xin Yu , Yaqiang Xie . Unlocking stability: Preserving activity of biomimetic catalysts with covalent organic framework cladding. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109320-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109320
3. [3]
  Qiyan Wu , Ruixin Zhou , Zhangyi Yao , Tanyuan Wang , Qing Li . Effective approaches for enhancing the stability of ruthenium-based electrocatalysts towards acidic oxygen evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109416-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109416
4. [4]
  Xingang Kong , Yabei Su , Cuijuan Xing , Weijie Cheng , Jianfeng Huang , Lifeng Zhang , Haibo Ouyang , Qi Feng . Facile synthesis of porous TiO₂/SnO₂ nanocomposite as lithium ion battery anode with enhanced cycling stability via nanoconfinement effect. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109428-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109428
5. [5]
  Xinpin Pan , Yongjian Cui , Zhe Wang , Bowen Li , Hailong Wang , Jian Hao , Feng Li , Jing Li . Robust chemo-mechanical stability of additives-free SiO₂ anode realized by honeycomb nanolattice for high performance Li-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109567-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109567
6. [6]
  Hongmei Yu , Baoxi Zhang , Meiju Liu , Cheng Xing , Guorong He , Li Zhang , Ningbo Gong , Yang Lu , Guanhua Du . Theoretical and experimental cocrystal screening of temozolomide with a series of phenolic acids, promising cocrystal coformers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109032-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109032
7. [7]
  Wenxiang Ma , Xinyu He , Tianyi Chen , De-Li Ma , Hongzheng Chen , Chang-Zhi Li . Near-infrared non-fused electron acceptors for efficient organic photovoltaics. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109099-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109099
8. [8]
  Liang Ming , Dan Liu , Qiyue Luo , Chaochao Wei , Chen Liu , Ziling Jiang , Zhongkai Wu , Lin Li , Long Zhang , Shijie Cheng , Chuang Yu . Si-doped Li₆PS₅I with enhanced conductivity enables superior performance for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109387-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109387
9. [9]
  Chenghao Ge , Peng Wang , Pei Yuan , Tai Wu , Rongjun Zhao , Rong Huang , Lin Xie , Yong Hua . Tuning hot carrier transfer dynamics by perovskite surface modification. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109352-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109352
10. [10]
  Rui Liu , Yue Yu , Lu Deng , Maoxia Xu , Haorong Ren , Wenjie Luo , Xudong Cai , Zhenyu Li , Jingyu Chen , Hua Yu . The synergistic effect of A-site cation engineering and phase regulation enables efficient and stable Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109545-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109545
11. [11]
  Yan-Kai Zhang , Yong-Zheng Zhang , Chun-Xiao Jia , Fang Wang , Xiuling Zhang , Yuhang Wu , Zhongmin Liu , Hui Hu , Da-Shuai Zhang , Longlong Geng , Jing Xu , Hongliang Huang . A stable Zn-MOF with anthracene-based linker for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction under sunlight irradiation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109756-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109756
12. [12]
  Jinqiang Gao , Haifeng Yuan , Xinjuan Du , Feng Dong , Yu Zhou , Shengnan Na , Yanpeng Chen , Mingyu Hu , Mei Hong , Shihe Yang . Methanol steam mediated corrosion engineering towards high-entropy NiFe layered double hydroxide for ultra-stable oxygen evolution. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110232-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110232
13. [13]
  Rongjun Zhao , Tai Wu , Yong Hua , Yude Wang . Improving performance of perovskite solar cells enabled by defects passivation and carrier transport dynamics regulation via organic additive. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109587-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109587
14. [14]
  Guilong Li , Wenbo Ma , Jialing Zhou , Caiqin Wu , Chenling Yao , Huan Zeng , Jian Wang . A composite hydrogel with porous and homogeneous structure for efficient osmotic energy conversion. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110449-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110449
15. [15]
  Shunyu Wang , Yanan Zhu , Yang Zhao , Wanli Nie , Hong Meng . Steric effects and electronic manipulation of multiple donors on S₀/S₁ transition of D_n-A emitters. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110555-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110555
16. [16]
  Xiping Dong , Xuan Wang , Zhixiu Lu , Qinhao Shi , Zhengyi Yang , Xuan Yu , Wuliang Feng , Xingli Zou , Yang Liu , Yufeng Zhao . Construction of Cu-Zn Co-doped layered materials for sodium-ion batteries with high cycle stability. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108605-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108605
17. [17]
  Lingjiang Kou , Yong Wang , Jiajia Song , Taotao Ai , Wenhu Li , Mohammad Yeganeh Ghotbi , Panya Wattanapaphawong , Koji Kajiyoshi . Mini review: Strategies for enhancing stability of high-voltage cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110368-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110368
18. [18]
  Jiaxi Xu , Yuan Ma . Influence of Hyperconjugation on the Stability and Stable Conformation of Ethane, Hydrazine, and Hydrogen Peroxide. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 374-377. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402049
19. [19]
  Hailian Tang , Siyuan Chen , Qiaoyun Liu , Guoyi Bai , Botao Qiao , Fei Liu . Stabilized Rh/hydroxyapatite Catalyst for Furfuryl Alcohol Hydrogenation: Application of Oxidative Strong Metal-Support Interactions in Reducing Conditions. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(4): 100036-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408004
20. [20]
  Shitao Fu , Jianming Zhang , Cancan Cao , Zhihui Wang , Chaoran Qin , Jian Zhang , Hui Xiong . Study on the Stability of Purple Cabbage Pigment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 367-372. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401059

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(837)
HTML views(36)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142