Mono- and Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes Supported by Quinoline-2-imidate Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization
- Corresponding author: Yan-Ming Hu, ymhu@ciac.ac.cn Xue-Quan Zhang, xqzhang@ciac.ac.cn (X.Q.Z.)
Citation: Heng Liu, Rui Zhuang, Bo Dong, Feng Wang, Yan-Ming Hu, Xue-Quan Zhang. Mono- and Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes Supported by Quinoline-2-imidate Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, ;2018, 36(8): 943-952. doi: 10.1007/s10118-018-2097-8
Johnson, L. K.; Killian, C. M.; Brookhart, M. New Pd(II)-based and Ni(II)-based catalysts for polymerization of ethylene and alpha-olefins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117(23), 6414−6415
doi: 10.1021/ja00128a054
Johnson, L. K.; Mecking, S.; Brookhart, M. Copolymerization of ethylene and propylene with functionalized vinyl monomers by palladium(II) catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118(1), 267−268
doi: 10.1021/ja953247i
Ittel, S. D.; Johnson, L. K.; Brookhart, M. Late-metal catalysts for ethylene homo- and copolymerization. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100(4), 1169−1204
doi: 10.1021/cr9804644
Ma, J.; Feng, C.; Wang, S.; Zhao, K.Q.; Sun, W.H.; Redshaw, C.; Solan, G. A. Bi- and tri-dentate imino-based iron and cobalt pre-catalysts for ethylene oligo-/polymerization. Inorg. Chem. Front. 2014, 1(1), 14−34
doi: 10.1039/C3QI00028A
Gibson, V. C.; Redshaw, C.; Solan, G. A. Bis(imino)pyridines: Surprisingly reactive ligands and a gateway to new families of catalysts. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107(5), 1745−1776
doi: 10.1021/cr068437y
Britovsek, G. J. P.; Bruce, M.; Gibson, V. C.; Kimberley, B. S.; Maddox, P. J.; Mastroianni, S.; McTavish, S. J.; Redshaw, C.; Solan, G. A.; Stromberg, S.; White, A. J. P.; Williams, D. J. Iron and cobalt ethylene polymerization catalysts bearing 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl ligands: Synthesis, structures, and polymerization studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121(38), 8728−8740
doi: 10.1021/ja990449w
Rose, J. Living polymerization of α-olefins with an α-diimine Ni(II) catalyst: formation of well-defined ethylene-propylene copolymers through controlled chain-walking. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128(13), 4186−4187
doi: 10.1021/ja058183i
Yu, J.; Liu, H.; Zhang, W.; Hao, X.; Sun, W.H. Access to highly active and thermally stable iron procatalysts using bulky 2-[1-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenylimino)ethyl]-6-[1-(arylimino)ethyl]pyridine ligands. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47(11), 3257−3259
doi: 10.1039/c0cc05373b
Makio, H.; Terao, H.; Iwashita, A.; Fujita, T. FI catalysts for olefin polymerization—a comprehensive treatment. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111(3), 2363−2449
doi: 10.1021/cr100294r
Wu, J.; Li, Y. Well-defined vanadium complexes as the catalysts for olefin polymerization. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011, 255(19-20), 2303−2314
doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.048
Yue, E.; Zhang, L.; Xing, Q.; Cao, X. P.; Hao, X.; Redshaw, C.; Sun, W. H. 2-(1-(2-Benzhydrylnaphthylimino)ethyl) pyridylnickel halides: synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization behavior. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43(2), 423−431
doi: 10.1039/C3DT52234B
Pan, H.; Zhu, L.; Li, J.; Zang, D.; Fu, Z.; Fan, Z. A thermal stable α-diimine palladium catalyst for copolymerization of ethylene with functionalized olefins. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem. 2014, 390, 76−82
doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.03.008
Dai, S.; Sui, X.; Chen, C. Synthesis of high molecular weight polyethylene using iminopyridyl nickel catalysts. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52(58), 9113−9116
doi: 10.1039/C6CC00457A
Liu, J.; Chen, D.; Wu, H.; Xiao, Z.; Gao, H.; Zhu, F.; Wu, Q. Polymerization of α-olefins using a camphyl α-diimine Nickel catalyst at elevated temperature. Macromolecules 2014, 47(10), 3325−3331
doi: 10.1021/ma5004634
Song, K.; Yang, W.; Li, B.; Liu, Q.; Redshaw, C.; Li, Y.; Sun, W. H. Nickel(ii) complexes bearing 4,5-bis(arylimino)pyrenylidenes: synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization behaviour. Dalton Trans. 2013, 42(25), 9166−9175
doi: 10.1039/C2DT32343E
Mu, H.; Pan, L.; Song, D.; Li, Y. Neutral nickel catalysts for olefin homo- and copolymerization: relationships between catalyst structures and catalytic properties. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115(22), 12091−12137
doi: 10.1021/cr500370f
Du, S.; Kong, S.; Shi, Q.; Mao, J.; Guo, C.; Yi, J.; Liang, T.; Sun, W. H. Enhancing the activity and thermal stability of nickel complex precatalysts using 1-[2,6-bis(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4-methyl phenylimino]-2-arylimino acenaphthylene derivatives. Organometallics 2015, 34(3), 582−590
doi: 10.1021/om500943u
Suo, H.; Zhao, T.; Wang, Y.; Ban, Q.; Sun, W. H. N-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-2-yl)propylidene) arylaminonickel complexes and their ethylene oligomerization. Molecules 2017, 22(4), 630
doi: 10.3390/molecules22040630
Gong, D.; Wang, B.; Bai, C.; Bi, J.; Wang, F.; Dong, W.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, L. Metal dependent control of cis-/trans-1,4 regioselectivity in 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalyzed by transition metal complexes supported by 2,6-bis[1-(iminophenyl)ethyl]pyridine. Polymer 2009, 50(26), 6259−6264
doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.10.054
Chen, H. Controlled polymerization of isoprene promoted by a type of hemilabile X[double bond, length as m-dash]PN3 (X = O, S) ligand supported cobalt(ii) complexes: the role of a hemilabile donor on the level of control. Polym. Chem. 2017, 8(11), 1805−1814
doi: 10.1039/C7PY00252A
Jiang, X.; Wen, X.; Sun, W. H.; He, A. Polymerization of isoprene catalyzed by 2-(methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-6-(1-(arylimino) ethyl) pyridine iron(III) trichloride with an additional donor. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52(17), 2398−2398
Liu, H.; Yang, S. Z.; Wang, F.; Bai, C. X.; Hu, Y. M; Zhang, X. Q. Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes bearing pyridine-2-imidate ligands. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2016, 34(9), 1060−1069
doi: 10.1007/s10118-016-1825-1
Gong, D.; Jia, X.; Wang, B.; Wang, F.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, L.; Dong, W. Highly trans-1,4 selective polymerization of 1,3-butadiene initiated by iron(III) bis(imino)pyridyl complexes. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2011, 373(1), 47−53
doi: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.03.047
Wang, B.; Bi, J.; Zhang, C.; Dai, Q.; Bai, C.; Zhang, X.; Hu, Y.; Jiang, L. Highly active and trans-1,4 specific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by 2-pyrazolyl substituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligated iron(II) complexes. Polymer 2013, 54(19), 5174−5181
doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.021
Ai, P.; Chen, L.; Guo, Y.; Jie, S.; Li, B. G. Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes bearing imino- or amino-pyridyl alcohol ligands in combination with ethylaluminum sesquichloride. J. Organom. Chem. 2012, 705(0), 51−58
Cariou, R.; Chirinos, J. J.; Gibson, V. C.; Jacobsen, G.; Tomov, A. K.; Britovsek, G. J. P.; White, A. J. P. The effect of the central donor in bis(benzimidazole)-based cobalt catalysts for the selective cis-1,4-polymerisation of butadiene. Dalton Trans. 2010, 39(38), 9039−9045
doi: 10.1039/c0dt00402b
Gong, D.; Wang, B.; Jia, X.; Zhang, X. The enhanced catalytic performance of cobalt catalysts towards butadiene polymerization by introducing a labile donor in a salen ligand. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43(10), 4169−4178
doi: 10.1039/c3dt52708e
Jie, S.; Ai, P.; Li, B. Highly active and stereospecific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes bearing 3-aryliminomethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Dalton Trans. 2011, 40(41), 10975−10982
doi: 10.1039/c1dt11073j
Endo, K.; Hatakeyama, N. Stereospecific and molecular weight-controlled polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with Co(acac)3-MAO catalyst. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39(16), 2793−2798
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0518
Gong, D.; Wang, B.; Cai, H.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, L. Synthesis, characterization and butadiene polymerization studies of cobalt(II) complexes bearing bisiminopyridine ligand. J. Organom. Chem. 2011, 696(8), 1584−1590
doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.01.015
Jia, X.; Liu, H.; Hu, Y.; Dai, Q.; Bi, J.; Bai, C.; Zhang, X. Highly active and cis-1,4 selective polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by cobalt(II) complexes bearing α-diimine ligands. Chin. J. Cat. 2013, 34(8), 1560−1569
doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60625-1
Alnajrani, M. N.; Mair, F. S. Synthesis and characterization of [small beta]-triketimine cobalt complexes and their behaviour in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43(42), 15727−15736
doi: 10.1039/C4DT02196G
Alnajrani, M. N.; Mair, F. S. The behaviour of [small beta]-triketimine cobalt complexes in the polymerization of isoprene. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(57), 46372−46385
doi: 10.1039/C5RA06792H
Chandran, D.; Kwak, C. H.; Ha, C. S.; Kim, I. Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene by bis(salicylaldiminate)cobalt(II) catalysts combined with organoaluminium cocatalysts. Catal. Today 2008, 131(1-4), 505−512
doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.068
Endo, K.; Kitagawa, T.; Nakatani, K. Effect of an alkyl substituted in salen ligands on 1,4-cis selectivity and molecular weight control in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with (salen)Co(II) complexes in combination with methylaluminoxane. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2006, 44(13), 4088−4094
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0518
Guo, J.; Zhang, C.; Bi, J.; Zhang, H.; Bai, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X. Cobalt complexes bearing pyridine-imino ligands with bulky aryl substituents: synthesis, characterization, and 1,3-butadiene polymerization behaviors. J. Organom. Chem. 2015, 798, 414−421
doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.004
Wang, B.; Gong, D.; Bi, J.; Dai, Q.; Zhang, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, L. Synthesis, characterization and 1,3-butadiene polymerization behaviors of cobalt complexes bearing 2-pyrazolyl-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2013, 27(4), 245−252
doi: 10.1002/aoc.v27.4
Guo, J.; Wang, B.; Bi, J.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, H.; Bai, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X. Synthesis, characterization and 1,3-butadiene polymerization studies of cobalt dichloride complexes bearing pyridine bisoxazoline ligands. Polymer 2015, 59(24), 124−132
Appukuttan, V.; Zhang, L.; Ha, J. Y.; Chandran, D.; Bahuleyan, B. K.; Ha, C.S.; Kim, I. Stereospecific polymerizations of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by Co(II) complexes ligated by 2,6-bis(benzimidazolyl)pyridines. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2010, 325(1-2), 84−90
doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.04.002
Gong, D.; Jia, X.; Wang, B.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, L. Synthesis, characterization, and butadiene polymerization of iron(III), iron(II) and cobalt(II) chlorides bearing 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridyl or 2,6-bis(pyrazol)pyridine ligand. J. Organom. Chem. 2012, 702(1), 10−18
Appukuttan, V.; Zhang, L.; Ha, C. S.; Kim, I. Highly active and stereospecific polymerizations of 1,3-butadiene by using bis(benzimidazolyl)amine ligands derived Co(II) complexes in combination with ethylaluminum sesquichloride. Polymer 2009, 50(5), 1150−1158
doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.047
Liu, H.; Jia, X.; Wang, F.; Dai, Q.; Wang, B.; Bi, J.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, L.; Bai, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X. Synthesis of bis(N-arylcarboximidoylchloride)pyridine cobalt(ii) complexes and their catalytic behavior for 1,3-butadiene polymerization. Dalton Trans. 2013, 42(37), 13723−13732
doi: 10.1039/c3dt51403j
Liu, H.; Wang, F.; Jia, X.; Liu, L.; Bi, J.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, L.; Bai, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X. Synthesis, characterization, and 1,3-butadiene polymerization studies of Co(II), Ni(II), and Fe(II) complexes bearing 2-(N-arylcarboximidoylchloride)quinoline ligand. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem. 2014, 391, 25−35
Delferro, M.; Marks, T. J. Multinuclear Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111(2), 2450−2485
Sun, W.H.; Xing, Q.; Yu, J.; Novikova, E.; Zhao, W.; Tang, X.; Liang, T.; Redshaw, C. Probing the characteristics of mono- or bimetallic (iron or cobalt) complexes bearing 2,4-bis(6-iminopyridin-2-yl)-3H-benzazepines: synthesis, characterization, and ethylene reactivity. Organometallics 2013, 32(8), 2309−2318
doi: 10.1021/om301086p
Han, S.; Yao, E.; Qin, W.; Zhang, S.; Ma, Y. Binuclear heteroligated titanium catalyst based on phenoxyimine ligands: synthesis, characterization, and ethylene (Co)polymerization. Macromolecules 2012, 45(10), 4054−4059
doi: 10.1021/ma300384w
Salata, M. R.; Marks, T. J. Synthesis, characterization, and marked polymerization selectivity characteristics of binuclear phenoxyiminato organozirconium catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130(1), 12−13
doi: 10.1021/ja076857e
Wang, R.; Sui, X.; Pang, W.; Chen, C. Ethylene polymerization by xanthene-bridged dinuclear α-diimine NiII complexes. Chemcatchem 2016, 8(2), 434−440
doi: 10.1002/cctc.201501041
Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, Z. Ethylene polymerization with a highly active and long-lifetime macrocycle trinuclear 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyliron. Macromolecules 2005, 38(7), 2559−2563
doi: 10.1021/ma047685y
Song, S.; Zhao, W.; Wang, L.; Redshaw, C.; Wang, F.; Sun, W. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior toward ethylene of cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes bearing 2-(1-aryliminoethylidene)quinolines. J. Organom. Chem. 2011, 696(18), 3029−3035
doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.06.003
Liu, H.; Wang, F.; Liu, L.; Dong, B.; Zhang, H.; Bai, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X. Synthesis, characterization and 1,3-butadiene polymerization behaviors of three ONO, ONN, and NNN tridentate Co(II) complexes. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2014, 421, 284−291
Weizhong LING , Xiangyun CHEN , Wenjing LIU , Yingkai HUANG , Yu LI . Syntheses, crystal structures, and catalytic properties of three zinc(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ) and nickel(Ⅱ) coordination polymers constructed from 5-(4-carboxyphenoxy)nicotinic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1803-1810. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240068
Yanrui Liu , Paramaguru Ganesan , Peng Gao . Harnessing d-f transition rare earth complexes for single layer white organic light emitting diodes. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(9): 100369-100369. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100369
Fei Yin , Erli Yang , Xue Ge , Qian Sun , Fan Mo , Guoqiu Wu , Yanfei Shen . Coupling WO3−x dots-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks and template-free branched polymerization for dual signal-amplified electrochemiluminescence biosensing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108753-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108753
Tengjia Ni , Xianbiao Hou , Huanlei Wang , Lei Chu , Shuixing Dai , Minghua Huang . Controllable defect engineering based on cobalt metal-organic framework for boosting oxygen evolution reaction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100210-100210. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100210
Yatian Deng , Dao Wang , Jinglan Cheng , Yunkun Zhao , Zongbao Li , Chunyan Zang , Jian Li , Lichao Jia . A new popular transition metal-based catalyst: SmMn2O5 mullite-type oxide. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109141-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109141
Boqiang Wang , Yongzhuo Xu , Jiajia Wang , Muyang Yang , Guo-Jun Deng , Wen Shao . Transition-metal free trifluoromethylimination of alkenes enabled by direct activation of N-unprotected ketimines. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109502-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109502
Shili Wang , Mamitiana Roger Razanajatovo , Xuedong Du , Shunli Wan , Xin He , Qiuming Peng , Qingrui Zhang . Recent advances on decomplexation mechanisms of heavy metal complexes in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109140-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109140
Hailong He , Wenbing Wang , Wenmin Pang , Chen Zou , Dan Peng . Double stimulus-responsive palladium catalysts for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109534-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109534
Shuanglin TIAN , Tinghong GAO , Yutao LIU , Qian CHEN , Quan XIE , Qingquan XIAO , Yongchao LIANG . First-principles study of adsorption of Cl2 and CO gas molecules by transition metal-doped g-GaN. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1189-1200. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230482
Pengfei Zhang , Qingxue Ma , Zhiwei Jiang , Xiaohua Xu , Zhong Jin . Transition-metal-catalyzed remote meta-C—H alkylation and alkynylation of aryl sulfonic acids enabled by an indolyl template. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109361-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109361
Peng Meng , Qian-Cheng Luo , Aidan Brock , Xiaodong Wang , Mahboobeh Shahbazi , Aaron Micallef , John McMurtrie , Dongchen Qi , Yan-Zhen Zheng , Jingsan Xu . Molar ratio induced crystal transformation from coordination complex to coordination polymers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108542-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108542
Xue Zhao , Mengshan Chen , Dan Wang , Haoran Zhang , Guangzhi Hu , Yingtang Zhou . Ultrafine nano-copper derived from dopamine polymerization & synchronous adsorption achieve electrochemical purification of nitrate to ammonia in complex water environments. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109327-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109327
Tiankai Sun , Hui Min , Zongsu Han , Liang Wang , Peng Cheng , Wei Shi . Rapid detection of nanoplastic particles by a luminescent Tb-based coordination polymer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108718-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108718
Zhenzhong MEI , Hongyu WANG , Xiuqi KANG , Yongliang SHAO , Jinzhong GU . Syntheses and catalytic performances of three coordination polymers with tetracarboxylate ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1795-1802. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240081
Xiumei LI , Yanju HUANG , Bo LIU , Yaru PAN . Syntheses, crystal structures, and quantum chemistry calculation of two Ni(Ⅱ) coordination polymers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 2031-2039. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240109
Shulei Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiong Xie , Luhan Li , Kaixian Chen , Hong Liu , Jiang Wang . Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed late-stage C-H alkenylation and macrolactamization for the synthesis of cyclic peptides with unique Trp(C7)-alkene crosslinks. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109408-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109408
Yuanjin Chen , Xianghui Shi , Dajiang Huang , Junnian Wei , Zhenfeng Xi . Synthesis and reactivity of cobalt dinitrogen complex supported by nonsymmetrical pincer ligand. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109292-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109292
Shuwen SUN , Gaofeng WANG . Two cadmium coordination polymers constructed by varying Ⅴ-shaped co-ligands: Syntheses, structures, and fluorescence properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 613-620. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230368
Hongye Bai , Lihao Yu , Jinfu Xu , Xuliang Pang , Yajie Bai , Jianguo Cui , Weiqiang Fan . Controllable Decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO2: Understanding the Role of Coordination State on Photoelectrochemical Performance. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100096-100096. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100096
Qingyan JIANG , Yanyong SHA , Chen CHEN , Xiaojuan CHEN , Wenlong LIU , Hao HUANG , Hongjiang LIU , Qi LIU . Constructing a one-dimensional Cu-coordination polymer-based cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 657-668. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240004