Login In
2017 Volume 33 Issue 3
2017, 33(3): 361-376
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.038
Abstract:
Traditional semiconductor photocatalysts are not activated by near infrared light but ultraviolet (UV) light. Owing to 44% of the incoming solar energy for near infrared (NIR) light, it's one of the hottest research topics for fabricating the photocatalysts driven by NIR light in the past few decades. In this paper, we have demonstrated the photocatalytic principle and reviewed the synthetic techniques for the fabrication of the lanthanide ions doped upconversion nanomaterials/semiconductors composited photocatalysts. The synthetic techniques including epitaxial growth, electrospinning and chemical assembly have been discussed carefully. We also have highlighted the important applications in photodegradation of wastewater and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for these photocatalysts. Furthermore, the applications of this kind of photocatalysts driven by NIR light in the future are prospected.
Traditional semiconductor photocatalysts are not activated by near infrared light but ultraviolet (UV) light. Owing to 44% of the incoming solar energy for near infrared (NIR) light, it's one of the hottest research topics for fabricating the photocatalysts driven by NIR light in the past few decades. In this paper, we have demonstrated the photocatalytic principle and reviewed the synthetic techniques for the fabrication of the lanthanide ions doped upconversion nanomaterials/semiconductors composited photocatalysts. The synthetic techniques including epitaxial growth, electrospinning and chemical assembly have been discussed carefully. We also have highlighted the important applications in photodegradation of wastewater and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for these photocatalysts. Furthermore, the applications of this kind of photocatalysts driven by NIR light in the future are prospected.
2017, 33(3): 377-382
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.057
Abstract:
A sandwich-like Si/RGO@PANI nanocomposite as anode for lithium ion batteries was successfully in situ prepared under condition of ultrasonication by using graphene and silicon nano particles as precursors, aniline as monomers, phytic acid as a dopant and ammonium persulfate as an oxidizer (initiator). The sandwich structure composed of graphene sheets, conductive polyaniline, and nano silicon particles create an efficient conductive network which can endure the great volume change of silicon and retain structural stability during Li-ion insertion/extraction. The electrodes consisting of this sandwich-like Si/RGO@PANI nanocomposite reveal excellent cyclability and rate capability, and can be considered as an ideal anode material for lithium ion battery.
A sandwich-like Si/RGO@PANI nanocomposite as anode for lithium ion batteries was successfully in situ prepared under condition of ultrasonication by using graphene and silicon nano particles as precursors, aniline as monomers, phytic acid as a dopant and ammonium persulfate as an oxidizer (initiator). The sandwich structure composed of graphene sheets, conductive polyaniline, and nano silicon particles create an efficient conductive network which can endure the great volume change of silicon and retain structural stability during Li-ion insertion/extraction. The electrodes consisting of this sandwich-like Si/RGO@PANI nanocomposite reveal excellent cyclability and rate capability, and can be considered as an ideal anode material for lithium ion battery.
2017, 33(3): 383-388
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.052
Abstract:
MS@SiO2@CS magnetic micron spheres were fabricated by successively coating the ball-milled coal fly ash magneticsphere (MS) particles with SiO2 and chitosan (CS) through a sol-gel and an inverse microemulsion method, respectively. The structures and properties were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the MS particles were coated layer by layer of SiO2 and CS, respectively, and relative evenly distributed in the CS substrate. Since MSs are magnetic, the MS@SiO2@CS samples also show relatively strong magnetism with a specific saturation magnetization of 7.04 emu·g-1. Adsorption experiments indicated that the magnetic composite micronspheres showed the good adsorption capability for Cu2+ ions, and the adsorption capacity was up to 11.08 mg·g-1. In addition, after Cu2+ adsorption, the adsorbents could be separated effectively from water by magnetic separation. According to the adsorption kinetics simulation, the Cu2+ adsorption of MS@SiO2@CS corresponds to pseudo second order kinetics, which implies a dominant chemical adsorption.
MS@SiO2@CS magnetic micron spheres were fabricated by successively coating the ball-milled coal fly ash magneticsphere (MS) particles with SiO2 and chitosan (CS) through a sol-gel and an inverse microemulsion method, respectively. The structures and properties were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the MS particles were coated layer by layer of SiO2 and CS, respectively, and relative evenly distributed in the CS substrate. Since MSs are magnetic, the MS@SiO2@CS samples also show relatively strong magnetism with a specific saturation magnetization of 7.04 emu·g-1. Adsorption experiments indicated that the magnetic composite micronspheres showed the good adsorption capability for Cu2+ ions, and the adsorption capacity was up to 11.08 mg·g-1. In addition, after Cu2+ adsorption, the adsorbents could be separated effectively from water by magnetic separation. According to the adsorption kinetics simulation, the Cu2+ adsorption of MS@SiO2@CS corresponds to pseudo second order kinetics, which implies a dominant chemical adsorption.
2017, 33(3): 389-395
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.045
Abstract:
The few layered MoS2 was obtained by liquid-phase ultrasonic exfoliation in the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution, and then coupled with the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to construct MoS2/g-C3N4 composites. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activities of composites were evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that a small amount of MoS2 in the composites could remarkably improve the photocatalytic activity, and 1%(w/w) MoS2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the best photocatalytic performance. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity was probably ascribed to the matched energy band structures between MoS2 and g-C3N4, increasing the interfacial charge transfer and thus inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electron-holes pairs.
The few layered MoS2 was obtained by liquid-phase ultrasonic exfoliation in the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution, and then coupled with the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to construct MoS2/g-C3N4 composites. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activities of composites were evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that a small amount of MoS2 in the composites could remarkably improve the photocatalytic activity, and 1%(w/w) MoS2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the best photocatalytic performance. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity was probably ascribed to the matched energy band structures between MoS2 and g-C3N4, increasing the interfacial charge transfer and thus inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electron-holes pairs.
2017, 33(3): 396-404
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.033
Abstract:
The visible-light responsive photocatalyst of g-C3N4@BiOCl with hollow flower-like structure was fabricated via self-assembly strategy. The as-prepared heterojunction photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the excellent ability of charge separation, the heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than g-C3N4 and BiOCl. The degradation efficiency of 50 mg·L-1 rhodamine B can be reached to 99% within 12 min under visible-light irradiation (λ≥420 nm).
The visible-light responsive photocatalyst of g-C3N4@BiOCl with hollow flower-like structure was fabricated via self-assembly strategy. The as-prepared heterojunction photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the excellent ability of charge separation, the heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than g-C3N4 and BiOCl. The degradation efficiency of 50 mg·L-1 rhodamine B can be reached to 99% within 12 min under visible-light irradiation (λ≥420 nm).
2017, 33(3): 405-414
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.026
Abstract:
Luminescent mononuclear platinum (Ⅱ) complexes, [Pt (Hdpp)(acac)] (1), [Pt (Hmdpp)(acac)] (3) and [Pt (Hdpq)(acac)] (4) and dinuclearnum (Ⅱ) complex, [Pt2(dpp)(acac)2] (2) were obtained by using 2, 3-diphenylp-yrazine (H2dpp), 5-methyl-2, 3-diphenylpyrazine (H2mdpp) and 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline (H2dpq) as ligands. It is noted that the maximal emission peak value for dinuclear complex 2 is at 609 nm, which has red-shift of about 63 nm compared with its analogue mononuclear complexes 1 and 3, although they seem somewhat analogue in lowest energy absorption band. To examine the cause of anomalous lower emission for dinuclear complex 2, the single crystals for complexes 2, 3 and 4 were grown from dichloromethane and methanol solution. It is found that dinuclear platinum (Ⅱ) complexes 2 incorporating 2, 3-diphenylpyrazine-based bridging ligand has more twisted conformation in the ground than its mononuclear analogue, complexes 3, which has similar structure with complex 1. Furthermore, lowest energy band for dinuclear complex 2 in exciting spectrum shows red-shift of 18 nm compared with its absorption spectrum. The twisted geometry in ground and red-shifted exciting spectrum make us infer reasonably that dinuclear complex 2 may undergo a more profound change from twisted geometry to planar conformation before emission, which led a lower triplet excited sate, resulting in the red-shifted emission of the dinuclear complex 2.
Luminescent mononuclear platinum (Ⅱ) complexes, [Pt (Hdpp)(acac)] (1), [Pt (Hmdpp)(acac)] (3) and [Pt (Hdpq)(acac)] (4) and dinuclearnum (Ⅱ) complex, [Pt2(dpp)(acac)2] (2) were obtained by using 2, 3-diphenylp-yrazine (H2dpp), 5-methyl-2, 3-diphenylpyrazine (H2mdpp) and 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline (H2dpq) as ligands. It is noted that the maximal emission peak value for dinuclear complex 2 is at 609 nm, which has red-shift of about 63 nm compared with its analogue mononuclear complexes 1 and 3, although they seem somewhat analogue in lowest energy absorption band. To examine the cause of anomalous lower emission for dinuclear complex 2, the single crystals for complexes 2, 3 and 4 were grown from dichloromethane and methanol solution. It is found that dinuclear platinum (Ⅱ) complexes 2 incorporating 2, 3-diphenylpyrazine-based bridging ligand has more twisted conformation in the ground than its mononuclear analogue, complexes 3, which has similar structure with complex 1. Furthermore, lowest energy band for dinuclear complex 2 in exciting spectrum shows red-shift of 18 nm compared with its absorption spectrum. The twisted geometry in ground and red-shifted exciting spectrum make us infer reasonably that dinuclear complex 2 may undergo a more profound change from twisted geometry to planar conformation before emission, which led a lower triplet excited sate, resulting in the red-shifted emission of the dinuclear complex 2.
2017, 33(3): 415-420
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.027
Abstract:
H-β zeolite modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation. Effects of adding method and content of H-β zeolite on the catalytic performance were studied by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD and other analytical characterization techniques, as well as the reaction system with methyl oleate as model compounds studied. The results showed that the interaction among the components of Pd-Al2O3-BEA catalyst has a great difference because of the different adding method of H-β zeolite, thus its catalytic properties were greatly different. In the Pd/(BEA-Al2O3) catalysts, with H-β zeolite amount increased, its specific surface area, pore volume, acid amount of strong acid site all showed a trend of increase, while acid amount of weak acid site was first increased and decreased then, and the average pore size was decreased. Pd/(45%BEA-Al2O3) catalyst has the largest jet fuel-range hydrocarbons selectivity, branched alkanes selectivity, a certain proportion of naphthenes and aromatics, since it has an appropriate pore size distribution, moderate amount of strong acid site, the biggest amount of weak acid site.
H-β zeolite modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation. Effects of adding method and content of H-β zeolite on the catalytic performance were studied by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD and other analytical characterization techniques, as well as the reaction system with methyl oleate as model compounds studied. The results showed that the interaction among the components of Pd-Al2O3-BEA catalyst has a great difference because of the different adding method of H-β zeolite, thus its catalytic properties were greatly different. In the Pd/(BEA-Al2O3) catalysts, with H-β zeolite amount increased, its specific surface area, pore volume, acid amount of strong acid site all showed a trend of increase, while acid amount of weak acid site was first increased and decreased then, and the average pore size was decreased. Pd/(45%BEA-Al2O3) catalyst has the largest jet fuel-range hydrocarbons selectivity, branched alkanes selectivity, a certain proportion of naphthenes and aromatics, since it has an appropriate pore size distribution, moderate amount of strong acid site, the biggest amount of weak acid site.
2017, 33(3): 421-428
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.047
Abstract:
Ce-Zr composite oxide catalysts were prepared by different methods for catalytic HCl oxidation. The nano-sized CeO2 particles embedded in the amorphous ZrO2 matrix fabricated by spontaneous deposition strategy. A significant "size effect" of CeO2 nanoparticles leads to considerably high concentration of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancy sites, which makes the catalyst have excellent low-temperature oxidation reduction performance and oxygen storage capacity. Catalytic performance tests indicate that the CeO2@ZrO2 catalyst shows superior activity (1.90 gCl2·gcat-1·h-1) and good durability. The isolation of CeO2 nanoparticles by the amorphous ZrO2 is a key factor of durability of the catalyst.
Ce-Zr composite oxide catalysts were prepared by different methods for catalytic HCl oxidation. The nano-sized CeO2 particles embedded in the amorphous ZrO2 matrix fabricated by spontaneous deposition strategy. A significant "size effect" of CeO2 nanoparticles leads to considerably high concentration of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancy sites, which makes the catalyst have excellent low-temperature oxidation reduction performance and oxygen storage capacity. Catalytic performance tests indicate that the CeO2@ZrO2 catalyst shows superior activity (1.90 gCl2·gcat-1·h-1) and good durability. The isolation of CeO2 nanoparticles by the amorphous ZrO2 is a key factor of durability of the catalyst.
2017, 33(3): 429-434
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.043
Abstract:
By using density functional theory plane-wave pseudo-potential technique (DFT-PW-PS), the electronic structures of LiFeSO4F and LiTi0.25Fe0.75SO4F cathode materials were calculated. The computational results indicated that after lithium was intercalated into the materials, the atomic populations of S, O and F atoms are changed slightly, and that the electrons are mainly filled on the 3d orbits of the transition metals, leading to the reduction of the transition metals and making the transition metals being as redox centers. In the intercalation states, ionic bonds were formed between lithium and oxygen (fluorine), while covalent bonds were formed between the transition metals (Ti and Fe) and oxygen (fluorine), and the covalency of the S-O bonds is the strongest. The results from the density of states (DOSs) suggested that both titanium and iron take a high spin arrangement; the band gaps for the two spin channels of LiFeSO4F are 2.88 and 2.29 eV, implying a rather poor electric conductivity; Ti doing will result in the disappearance of the band gap, enhancing significantly the electric conductivity of the cathode materials; As Ti-O and Ti-F bonds in LiTi0.25Fe0.75SO4F system are stronger than Fe-O and Fe-F bonds in pure phase, Ti doping cathode materials would have a much better structural stability.
By using density functional theory plane-wave pseudo-potential technique (DFT-PW-PS), the electronic structures of LiFeSO4F and LiTi0.25Fe0.75SO4F cathode materials were calculated. The computational results indicated that after lithium was intercalated into the materials, the atomic populations of S, O and F atoms are changed slightly, and that the electrons are mainly filled on the 3d orbits of the transition metals, leading to the reduction of the transition metals and making the transition metals being as redox centers. In the intercalation states, ionic bonds were formed between lithium and oxygen (fluorine), while covalent bonds were formed between the transition metals (Ti and Fe) and oxygen (fluorine), and the covalency of the S-O bonds is the strongest. The results from the density of states (DOSs) suggested that both titanium and iron take a high spin arrangement; the band gaps for the two spin channels of LiFeSO4F are 2.88 and 2.29 eV, implying a rather poor electric conductivity; Ti doing will result in the disappearance of the band gap, enhancing significantly the electric conductivity of the cathode materials; As Ti-O and Ti-F bonds in LiTi0.25Fe0.75SO4F system are stronger than Fe-O and Fe-F bonds in pure phase, Ti doping cathode materials would have a much better structural stability.
2017, 33(3): 435-445
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.039
Abstract:
Sb-doped ZTO (ZnSnO3) transparent conducting films were synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method. The structures and properties of Sb-doped ZTO films were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, UV-Vis and Hall effect measurements. Three Sb-doping methods, including the substitution of either Zn2+ or Sn4+, or both the two ions in ZnSnO3 were adopted. The crystalline features, the lattice positions of Sb ion and the ratios of Sb5+ and Sb3+ in Sb-doped ZTO films prepared by different substitution methods were investigated. Followed by a comprehensive comparison of the amount of oxygen vacancy (VO··), interstitial zinc (Zni··) and stannous ion (SnSn″), the effects of Sb-doping concentrations on the crystal structure, the defects, and the electrical properties of the films in different methods were detected. Experimental results indicated that the perovskite structure of the ZnSnO3 crystal has not been disturbed by Sb-doping. Moreover, the Sb ions successfully occupied the corresponding positions of the ZnSnO3 lattice as expected, with varying molar ratios (nSb5+/nSb3+) among the methods. That is, the nSb5+/nSb3+ decreased with the increase of the doping concentration. It has been concluded that the carrier concentrations and mobility were influenced by both the substitution methods and the Sb-doping concentrations, resulting in the variation of the conductivity of the films. Among all films, the Sb0.15Zn0.35Sn0.5O1.5 film obtained a minimum resistivity of 0.423 Ω·cm. Finally, the transmittance of all the as-prepared films were higher than 78% within the 350~800 nm range being demonstrated.
Sb-doped ZTO (ZnSnO3) transparent conducting films were synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method. The structures and properties of Sb-doped ZTO films were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, UV-Vis and Hall effect measurements. Three Sb-doping methods, including the substitution of either Zn2+ or Sn4+, or both the two ions in ZnSnO3 were adopted. The crystalline features, the lattice positions of Sb ion and the ratios of Sb5+ and Sb3+ in Sb-doped ZTO films prepared by different substitution methods were investigated. Followed by a comprehensive comparison of the amount of oxygen vacancy (VO··), interstitial zinc (Zni··) and stannous ion (SnSn″), the effects of Sb-doping concentrations on the crystal structure, the defects, and the electrical properties of the films in different methods were detected. Experimental results indicated that the perovskite structure of the ZnSnO3 crystal has not been disturbed by Sb-doping. Moreover, the Sb ions successfully occupied the corresponding positions of the ZnSnO3 lattice as expected, with varying molar ratios (nSb5+/nSb3+) among the methods. That is, the nSb5+/nSb3+ decreased with the increase of the doping concentration. It has been concluded that the carrier concentrations and mobility were influenced by both the substitution methods and the Sb-doping concentrations, resulting in the variation of the conductivity of the films. Among all films, the Sb0.15Zn0.35Sn0.5O1.5 film obtained a minimum resistivity of 0.423 Ω·cm. Finally, the transmittance of all the as-prepared films were higher than 78% within the 350~800 nm range being demonstrated.
2017, 33(3): 446-454
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.056
Abstract:
Copper Schiff base modified SBA-15(Cu-SBA-15) was prepared by post-grafting, using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), salicylaldehyde and copper ions as modifying agent. The chlorpyrifos/Cu-SBA-15 (CH-Cu-SBA-15) system were prepared by impregnation method, employing chlorpyrifos as a model drug. The morphologies and structures of SBA-15, amino functionalized SBA-15(NH2-SBA-15), salicylaldehyde functionalized SBA-15(SA-SBA-15), and Cu-SBA-15 were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction assay (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, TGA analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity (AC) of as-synthesized system for chlorpyrifos and sustained release performance of SBA-15 before and after modification were investigated. Besides, the sustained release behavior of CH-Cu-SBA-15 under different pH values were also discussed. The results showed that SBA-15 could be modified by APTES and salicylaldehyde, and the order structure of it was still maintained by post-grafting method. After modification of SBA-15, the AC of chlorpyrifos increased from 100 to 195 mg·g-1 with a better sustained release performance. In addition, the CH-Cu-SBA-15 system showed significant sensitivity in response to the pH value. The chlorpyrifos release rate under pH=3 was greater than pH=11 and the sustained release performance of them was relatively better than under the neutral condition. Meanwhile, their releasing curves could be described by Riger-Peppas equation indicating that the drug release was controlled by Fick diffusion.
Copper Schiff base modified SBA-15(Cu-SBA-15) was prepared by post-grafting, using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), salicylaldehyde and copper ions as modifying agent. The chlorpyrifos/Cu-SBA-15 (CH-Cu-SBA-15) system were prepared by impregnation method, employing chlorpyrifos as a model drug. The morphologies and structures of SBA-15, amino functionalized SBA-15(NH2-SBA-15), salicylaldehyde functionalized SBA-15(SA-SBA-15), and Cu-SBA-15 were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction assay (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, TGA analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity (AC) of as-synthesized system for chlorpyrifos and sustained release performance of SBA-15 before and after modification were investigated. Besides, the sustained release behavior of CH-Cu-SBA-15 under different pH values were also discussed. The results showed that SBA-15 could be modified by APTES and salicylaldehyde, and the order structure of it was still maintained by post-grafting method. After modification of SBA-15, the AC of chlorpyrifos increased from 100 to 195 mg·g-1 with a better sustained release performance. In addition, the CH-Cu-SBA-15 system showed significant sensitivity in response to the pH value. The chlorpyrifos release rate under pH=3 was greater than pH=11 and the sustained release performance of them was relatively better than under the neutral condition. Meanwhile, their releasing curves could be described by Riger-Peppas equation indicating that the drug release was controlled by Fick diffusion.
2017, 33(3): 455-462
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.046
Abstract:
Spherical-like Bi4Ti3O12 composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, morphology and absorptivity of visible light were characterized by SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The characterization results demonstrate that the Bi4Ti3O12 composite have good crystal form, structure and absorptivity of visible light. The photocatalytic activity of Bi4Ti3O12 composite was investigated by degradation methyl orange, methylene blue, and acid fuchsin. The results show that Bi4Ti3O12 composite exhibited significantly photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation towards degradation of Acid fuchsin, and the degradation rate of Acid fuchsin can reach 91% after lighting 150 min by visible light.
Spherical-like Bi4Ti3O12 composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, morphology and absorptivity of visible light were characterized by SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The characterization results demonstrate that the Bi4Ti3O12 composite have good crystal form, structure and absorptivity of visible light. The photocatalytic activity of Bi4Ti3O12 composite was investigated by degradation methyl orange, methylene blue, and acid fuchsin. The results show that Bi4Ti3O12 composite exhibited significantly photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation towards degradation of Acid fuchsin, and the degradation rate of Acid fuchsin can reach 91% after lighting 150 min by visible light.
2017, 33(3): 463-470
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.050
Abstract:
The 4-methoxy-6-amine quinolone Schiff base (L) was prepared, and[CoL2] (1), [ZnL2] (2) and[CuL2] (3) complexes were synthesized. The structures of compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Their biological test results showed that they exhibited good fungicidal activities to four vegetable pathogens (Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cytospora sp. and Botrytis cinerea).
The 4-methoxy-6-amine quinolone Schiff base (L) was prepared, and[CoL2] (1), [ZnL2] (2) and[CuL2] (3) complexes were synthesized. The structures of compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Their biological test results showed that they exhibited good fungicidal activities to four vegetable pathogens (Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cytospora sp. and Botrytis cinerea).
2017, 33(3): 471-478
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.058
Abstract:
A three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic as an anode material for lithium-ion battery is successfully synthesized using a polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal nano-casting and post-calcination. After a gel is calcined at 650℃ under an argon atmosphere, Fe2SiO4 nanocrystals grow from iron-containing SiO2-based glass, resulting in 3DOM nano-glass-ceramic consisted of Fe2SiO4 nanocrystals, Fe3+-doped glassy SiO2 and amorphous carbon. The resultant 3DOM Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic exhibits a highly reversible discharge capacity up to 450 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g-1, and 260 mAh·g-1 at 250 mA·g-1 in the voltage range of 0.05~3.0 V, while the 3DOM amorphous SiO2@C composite with same porous structure only delivers 15 mAh·g-1 at 50 mA·g-1. Compared to the 3DOM amorphous SiO2@C composite, the 3DOM Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic anode exhibits a significantly improved capacity and high-rate performancse. These results mean that the Fe2SiO4 and Fe3+ can enhance reversible lithium storage capability and high-rate performances of SiO2-based nano-glass-ceramics.
A three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic as an anode material for lithium-ion battery is successfully synthesized using a polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal nano-casting and post-calcination. After a gel is calcined at 650℃ under an argon atmosphere, Fe2SiO4 nanocrystals grow from iron-containing SiO2-based glass, resulting in 3DOM nano-glass-ceramic consisted of Fe2SiO4 nanocrystals, Fe3+-doped glassy SiO2 and amorphous carbon. The resultant 3DOM Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic exhibits a highly reversible discharge capacity up to 450 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g-1, and 260 mAh·g-1 at 250 mA·g-1 in the voltage range of 0.05~3.0 V, while the 3DOM amorphous SiO2@C composite with same porous structure only delivers 15 mAh·g-1 at 50 mA·g-1. Compared to the 3DOM amorphous SiO2@C composite, the 3DOM Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C nano-glass-ceramic anode exhibits a significantly improved capacity and high-rate performancse. These results mean that the Fe2SiO4 and Fe3+ can enhance reversible lithium storage capability and high-rate performances of SiO2-based nano-glass-ceramics.
2017, 33(3): 479-486
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.059
Abstract:
A Li-rich 0.6Li2MnO3·0.4LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material with porous micro-nano spherical structure is prepared using a combination of carbonate co-precipitation and combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorpation-desorpation and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests are employed to analyze the crystal structure, micro morphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared material. Results indicate that this cathode has a porous micro-nano spherical structure, which is composed of primary particles with a small size about 300 nm. Moreover, this cathode has a well-ordered layered α-NaFeO2 structure (space group R3m) and a high BET specific surface area of 13 m2·g-1. Electrochemical measurements confirm that this cathode has excellent high capacity, good cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. At 2.0~4.8 V, the discharge capacities of the material at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C, 5C and 10C are 266, 254, 235, 205, 186, 149 and 107 mAh·g-1, respectively. After 100 cycles at 0.5C, the cathode also exhibits a discharge capacity of 217 mAh·g-1 with capacity retention of 94%.
A Li-rich 0.6Li2MnO3·0.4LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material with porous micro-nano spherical structure is prepared using a combination of carbonate co-precipitation and combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorpation-desorpation and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests are employed to analyze the crystal structure, micro morphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared material. Results indicate that this cathode has a porous micro-nano spherical structure, which is composed of primary particles with a small size about 300 nm. Moreover, this cathode has a well-ordered layered α-NaFeO2 structure (space group R3m) and a high BET specific surface area of 13 m2·g-1. Electrochemical measurements confirm that this cathode has excellent high capacity, good cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. At 2.0~4.8 V, the discharge capacities of the material at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C, 5C and 10C are 266, 254, 235, 205, 186, 149 and 107 mAh·g-1, respectively. After 100 cycles at 0.5C, the cathode also exhibits a discharge capacity of 217 mAh·g-1 with capacity retention of 94%.
2017, 33(3): 487-492
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.055
Abstract:
The three-component reactions of the 16 electron half-sandwich complex CpCo (S2C2B10H10) (Cp:cyclopentadienyl) with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and terminal allenes at ambient temperature lead to compounds 1 and 2. In 1 and 2, one EDA and one allene are inserted into Co-B bonds in a head-to-head mode making the hydrogen atom of the B (3)-H bond transform into the middle carbon of allene. One EDA molecule is also inserted into a Co-S bond to form a sulfide ylide. The new compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by NMR (1H, 11B, 13C), mass spectra, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and their solid-state structures were further characterized by X-ray structural analysis.
The three-component reactions of the 16 electron half-sandwich complex CpCo (S2C2B10H10) (Cp:cyclopentadienyl) with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and terminal allenes at ambient temperature lead to compounds 1 and 2. In 1 and 2, one EDA and one allene are inserted into Co-B bonds in a head-to-head mode making the hydrogen atom of the B (3)-H bond transform into the middle carbon of allene. One EDA molecule is also inserted into a Co-S bond to form a sulfide ylide. The new compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by NMR (1H, 11B, 13C), mass spectra, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and their solid-state structures were further characterized by X-ray structural analysis.
2017, 33(3): 519-527
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.062
Abstract:
BiVO4 microsheets with particle size of 1~2 μm were fabricated by hydrothermal method. Then, Ag2CO3/BiVO4 composite microsheet photocatalysts with different contents of Ag2CO3 were synthesized via precipitation method. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy, transient photocurrent-time response. The photocatalytic activity of the samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The results showed that loading of Ag2CO3 was beneficial to improve the specific surface area and surface properties of the catalyst. Activity test indicated that BiVO4 loaded with optimal 10%(w/w) Ag2CO3 resulted in 4.4 times increase in activity with respect to BiVO4 under visible light illumination. The results of photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy and transient photocurrent-time response showed that the coupled Ag2CO3 can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Active radicals trapping experiments indicated that hole and hydroxyl radicals were the reactive oxygen species in this Ag2CO3/BiVO4 system. The enhancement in activity of Ag2CO3/BiVO4 could be attributed to the heterojunction structure formed by Ag2CO3 with wider band gap and BiVO4 with narrower band gap. This heterojunction effectively restrained the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Moreover, the suitable energy band structure brought about strong oxidation ability due to more holes were produced.
BiVO4 microsheets with particle size of 1~2 μm were fabricated by hydrothermal method. Then, Ag2CO3/BiVO4 composite microsheet photocatalysts with different contents of Ag2CO3 were synthesized via precipitation method. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy, transient photocurrent-time response. The photocatalytic activity of the samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The results showed that loading of Ag2CO3 was beneficial to improve the specific surface area and surface properties of the catalyst. Activity test indicated that BiVO4 loaded with optimal 10%(w/w) Ag2CO3 resulted in 4.4 times increase in activity with respect to BiVO4 under visible light illumination. The results of photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy and transient photocurrent-time response showed that the coupled Ag2CO3 can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Active radicals trapping experiments indicated that hole and hydroxyl radicals were the reactive oxygen species in this Ag2CO3/BiVO4 system. The enhancement in activity of Ag2CO3/BiVO4 could be attributed to the heterojunction structure formed by Ag2CO3 with wider band gap and BiVO4 with narrower band gap. This heterojunction effectively restrained the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Moreover, the suitable energy band structure brought about strong oxidation ability due to more holes were produced.
2017, 33(3): 493-500
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.054
Abstract:
RGO-MnNb2O6 photocatalysts were successfully prepared through the hydrothermal and photo-reduction processes. Compared with single MnNb2O6, the RGO-MnNb2O6 composites could significantly enhance photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Within 60 min, 78.2% of the methylene blue was removed by the optimum sample (3% RGO-MnNb2O6), which was about 2 times higher than that of the individual MnNb2O6. By further study based on the active species trapping experiments, the enhanced photocatalytic property could be ascribed to the crucial role of RGO, which widely accelerated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In general, the RGO hybridized with MnNb2O6 could address the problem of low photocatalytic activity.
RGO-MnNb2O6 photocatalysts were successfully prepared through the hydrothermal and photo-reduction processes. Compared with single MnNb2O6, the RGO-MnNb2O6 composites could significantly enhance photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Within 60 min, 78.2% of the methylene blue was removed by the optimum sample (3% RGO-MnNb2O6), which was about 2 times higher than that of the individual MnNb2O6. By further study based on the active species trapping experiments, the enhanced photocatalytic property could be ascribed to the crucial role of RGO, which widely accelerated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In general, the RGO hybridized with MnNb2O6 could address the problem of low photocatalytic activity.
2017, 33(3): 501-508
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.053
Abstract:
In this study, titanium nitride nanotubes (TiN NTs) film is directly prepared on a Ti substrate through anodic oxidation process and subsequent nitridation in ammonia atmosphere. The prepared TiN NTs film is proposed as a novel catalyst towards V (Ⅱ)/V (Ⅲ) redox couple for the negative electrode in a static vanadium redox battery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirm that TiN NTs retain its parental morphology of TiO2 NTs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that TiO2 is transformed into TiN and Ti2N. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra reveal that the surface of TiN NTs is composed of Ti-N-O, Ti-N, Ti-O chemical states. Electrochemical properties of TiN NTs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The higher peak current values and more symmetrical peak shape for V (Ⅱ)/V (Ⅲ) redox couple suggest the excellent electrochemical activity and reversibility of TiN NTs. EIS analysis revealed that the charge and mass transfer processes were accelerated at the TiN NTs electrode interface, which could be ascribed to the large electrochemical real surface area and fast transfer channel.
In this study, titanium nitride nanotubes (TiN NTs) film is directly prepared on a Ti substrate through anodic oxidation process and subsequent nitridation in ammonia atmosphere. The prepared TiN NTs film is proposed as a novel catalyst towards V (Ⅱ)/V (Ⅲ) redox couple for the negative electrode in a static vanadium redox battery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirm that TiN NTs retain its parental morphology of TiO2 NTs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that TiO2 is transformed into TiN and Ti2N. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra reveal that the surface of TiN NTs is composed of Ti-N-O, Ti-N, Ti-O chemical states. Electrochemical properties of TiN NTs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The higher peak current values and more symmetrical peak shape for V (Ⅱ)/V (Ⅲ) redox couple suggest the excellent electrochemical activity and reversibility of TiN NTs. EIS analysis revealed that the charge and mass transfer processes were accelerated at the TiN NTs electrode interface, which could be ascribed to the large electrochemical real surface area and fast transfer channel.
2017, 33(3): 509-518
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.061
Abstract:
Porous ZnO/BiOI microspheres composed of ultrathin nanosheets were successfully fabricated by an ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal method, The morphology and size of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 adsorpion-desorption measurements. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB aqueous solution shows that the porous ZnO/BiOI microspheres have the highest photodegradation performance with visible light and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) gas degradation.This finding indicates that the heterojunction effect created between two different semiconductors is of importance in determining the dynamic properties of photogenerated charge transfer and the related photocatalytic properties.
Porous ZnO/BiOI microspheres composed of ultrathin nanosheets were successfully fabricated by an ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal method, The morphology and size of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 adsorpion-desorption measurements. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB aqueous solution shows that the porous ZnO/BiOI microspheres have the highest photodegradation performance with visible light and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) gas degradation.This finding indicates that the heterojunction effect created between two different semiconductors is of importance in determining the dynamic properties of photogenerated charge transfer and the related photocatalytic properties.
