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2017 Volume 33 Issue 1
2017, 33(1): 1-15
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.016
Abstract:
The choice of carrier material has a crucial influence on the performance of the immobilized enzyme. Nanocomposites, which not only have the properties of nanoscale, but also overcome the shortcoming of a single material, have attracted tremendous attention in the field of immobilized enzyme. In this paper, classifications of nanocomposite carriers which are currently used in the field of immobilized enzyme are systematically elaborated; the preparation and the significantly enhanced enzymology properties of enzymes immobilized on Si-based nanocomposites, C-based nanocomposites and nanofibers composites are introduced. The outlook of enzymes immobilized on these nanocomposites is also prospected.
The choice of carrier material has a crucial influence on the performance of the immobilized enzyme. Nanocomposites, which not only have the properties of nanoscale, but also overcome the shortcoming of a single material, have attracted tremendous attention in the field of immobilized enzyme. In this paper, classifications of nanocomposite carriers which are currently used in the field of immobilized enzyme are systematically elaborated; the preparation and the significantly enhanced enzymology properties of enzymes immobilized on Si-based nanocomposites, C-based nanocomposites and nanofibers composites are introduced. The outlook of enzymes immobilized on these nanocomposites is also prospected.
2017, 33(1): 16-25
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.011
Abstract:
The fly ash-based geopolymer with regulable pore structure was firstly synthesized by using urotropine as pore forming agent. Meanwhile, a kind of In2O3 and NiO co-loaded fly ash-based geopolymer was firstly synthesized by the coupling design of semiconductors. The composition, structure and properties of catalysts were characterized by XRF, TG/DSC, FESEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Furthermore, degradation activities of simulated dyeing wastewater, mechanism and reaction dynamics were studied. The results indicated that the pore structure, BET specific surface area and mesopore volume of geopolymer were remarkably improved by adding pore forming agent. The highest degradation rate (95.65%) of magenta green crystals over the 5% In2O3 and 1% NiO co-loaded catalyst should ascribe to the semiconductor coupling system of p-n junction generated from In2O3 and NiO as well as strong interaction produced between In2O3 and PAFAG so that the separation efficiencies of photogenerated electron-hole pairs were improved and the photocatalytic degradation activities of dye were enhanced.
The fly ash-based geopolymer with regulable pore structure was firstly synthesized by using urotropine as pore forming agent. Meanwhile, a kind of In2O3 and NiO co-loaded fly ash-based geopolymer was firstly synthesized by the coupling design of semiconductors. The composition, structure and properties of catalysts were characterized by XRF, TG/DSC, FESEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Furthermore, degradation activities of simulated dyeing wastewater, mechanism and reaction dynamics were studied. The results indicated that the pore structure, BET specific surface area and mesopore volume of geopolymer were remarkably improved by adding pore forming agent. The highest degradation rate (95.65%) of magenta green crystals over the 5% In2O3 and 1% NiO co-loaded catalyst should ascribe to the semiconductor coupling system of p-n junction generated from In2O3 and NiO as well as strong interaction produced between In2O3 and PAFAG so that the separation efficiencies of photogenerated electron-hole pairs were improved and the photocatalytic degradation activities of dye were enhanced.
Synthesis of Hollow Hexagonal Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide/RGO Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Application
2017, 33(1): 26-32
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.017
Abstract:
The uniform nanocomposites of hollow hexagonal nickel-cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (HHNCS/RGO) are synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal route, and they were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman. It is found that nickel-cobalt sulfides with hollow hexagonal structure were uniformly anchored on the surface of RGO sheets. The as-prepared nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes present good electrochemical performances. The HHNCS/RGO nanocomposites deliver a maximum specific capacitance of 927 F·g-1 at the current density of 1 A·g-1, and still exhibit a high specific capacitance of 724 F·g-1 at the big current density of 20 A·g-1, indicating their good rate capability. In addition, the specific capacitance retains 93% of its initial value after 2 000 charge-discharge cycles at the current density of 5 A·g-1, indicating their high cycling stability. The enhanced capacitive performance is attributed to the fact that RGO can not only improve the conductivity of HHNCS/RGO nanocomposites but also work as support to disperse the HHNCS nanosheets effectively.
The uniform nanocomposites of hollow hexagonal nickel-cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (HHNCS/RGO) are synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal route, and they were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman. It is found that nickel-cobalt sulfides with hollow hexagonal structure were uniformly anchored on the surface of RGO sheets. The as-prepared nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes present good electrochemical performances. The HHNCS/RGO nanocomposites deliver a maximum specific capacitance of 927 F·g-1 at the current density of 1 A·g-1, and still exhibit a high specific capacitance of 724 F·g-1 at the big current density of 20 A·g-1, indicating their good rate capability. In addition, the specific capacitance retains 93% of its initial value after 2 000 charge-discharge cycles at the current density of 5 A·g-1, indicating their high cycling stability. The enhanced capacitive performance is attributed to the fact that RGO can not only improve the conductivity of HHNCS/RGO nanocomposites but also work as support to disperse the HHNCS nanosheets effectively.
2017, 33(1): 33-40
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.019
Abstract:
Three lanthanide-nitronyl nitroxide radical compounds[Ln (hfac) 3 (NIT-Ph-4-Br) 2] (Ln=Gd (1) , Tb (2) , Dy (3) , hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate, NIT-Ph-4-Br=2- (4'-bromide) -4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) have been successfully prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that all these three compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the P21/c space group, which are composed of one Ln (hfac) 3 unit and two NIT-Ph-4-Br radicals. Magnetic studies reveal that ferromagnetic interactions and antiferromagnetic interactions coexist in Gd complex and there are very weak ferromagnetic interactions between Ln (III) ions and the coordinated nitronyl nitroxide in Tb complex and Dy complex. CCDC:1496095, 1; 1496096, 2; 1496097, 3.
Three lanthanide-nitronyl nitroxide radical compounds[Ln (hfac) 3 (NIT-Ph-4-Br) 2] (Ln=Gd (1) , Tb (2) , Dy (3) , hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate, NIT-Ph-4-Br=2- (4'-bromide) -4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) have been successfully prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that all these three compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the P21/c space group, which are composed of one Ln (hfac) 3 unit and two NIT-Ph-4-Br radicals. Magnetic studies reveal that ferromagnetic interactions and antiferromagnetic interactions coexist in Gd complex and there are very weak ferromagnetic interactions between Ln (III) ions and the coordinated nitronyl nitroxide in Tb complex and Dy complex. CCDC:1496095, 1; 1496096, 2; 1496097, 3.
2017, 33(1): 41-48
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.015
Abstract:
The geometric structures, formation energies, electronic structures and magnetic properties of Ni-doped anatase, with different concentrations and doping methods, were studied by the first principle method under the framework of the spin density functional theory, combined with the crystal field theory. The results of formation energy calculation show that the oxygen environment, in the process of crystal growth, has an important influence on the structures of Ni-doping. Analysis of the state density and energy level track map showed that the valence states of Ni ion was different in different doping conditions. Impurity energy levels in the bandgap of all kinds of doping system are formed by the hybridization of Ni3d-O2p. When a doping Ni ion substitute lattice Ti, that will make the unit cell volume and the crystal stability decrease, absorption spectrum red shift, the system is paramagnetic. Interstitial Ni doping makes the unit cell volume increase, the absorption spectrum blue shift, and enables the band to move in the direction of low energy. At this time, the carrier occur n type-degeneration, the ability, of some Ti ions, of losing electrons declined, resulting in the making of Ti3+ ions, the system has magnetism.
The geometric structures, formation energies, electronic structures and magnetic properties of Ni-doped anatase, with different concentrations and doping methods, were studied by the first principle method under the framework of the spin density functional theory, combined with the crystal field theory. The results of formation energy calculation show that the oxygen environment, in the process of crystal growth, has an important influence on the structures of Ni-doping. Analysis of the state density and energy level track map showed that the valence states of Ni ion was different in different doping conditions. Impurity energy levels in the bandgap of all kinds of doping system are formed by the hybridization of Ni3d-O2p. When a doping Ni ion substitute lattice Ti, that will make the unit cell volume and the crystal stability decrease, absorption spectrum red shift, the system is paramagnetic. Interstitial Ni doping makes the unit cell volume increase, the absorption spectrum blue shift, and enables the band to move in the direction of low energy. At this time, the carrier occur n type-degeneration, the ability, of some Ti ions, of losing electrons declined, resulting in the making of Ti3+ ions, the system has magnetism.
2017, 33(1): 49-56
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.013
Abstract:
The adsorption difference of cationic protein lysozyme (LSZ) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with a size of 100 nm and 3 μm, respectively, were investigated and compared with that of anionic protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). All of the adsorption isotherms were fitted better with Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer adsorption of LSZ on nano/micron COD and COM surface. The maximum adsorption quality of LSZ follows the order:COD-100 nm > COM-100 nm > COD-3 μm > COM-3 μm. That is, the greater the specific surface area is, the smaller the crystal curvature would be, so the greater of LSZ adsorption amount was generated; and the more negative charges and the more crystal water on crystal surface also result in the greater of LSZ adsorption. The ionic strength and pH value of system can also affect LSZ adsorption. With the concentration of NaCl increases, the adsorption quantity of LSZ reduced, it indicated that Na+ ions and cationic LSZ form a competitive adsorption, which reducing the adsorption sites of LSZ. The maximum adsorption of LSZ appears at the isoelectric point of LSZ (pH=10.7). In pH=5~8 (physical condition), LSZ adsorption quantity increases with the increase of pH value. The results suggest that the adsorption quality of LSZ on nano/micron COM and COD crystals can be reduced by reducing the pH value or increasing the ionic strength of urine appropriately, and thus the formation of CaOx urinary stones maybe inhibited.
The adsorption difference of cationic protein lysozyme (LSZ) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with a size of 100 nm and 3 μm, respectively, were investigated and compared with that of anionic protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). All of the adsorption isotherms were fitted better with Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer adsorption of LSZ on nano/micron COD and COM surface. The maximum adsorption quality of LSZ follows the order:COD-100 nm > COM-100 nm > COD-3 μm > COM-3 μm. That is, the greater the specific surface area is, the smaller the crystal curvature would be, so the greater of LSZ adsorption amount was generated; and the more negative charges and the more crystal water on crystal surface also result in the greater of LSZ adsorption. The ionic strength and pH value of system can also affect LSZ adsorption. With the concentration of NaCl increases, the adsorption quantity of LSZ reduced, it indicated that Na+ ions and cationic LSZ form a competitive adsorption, which reducing the adsorption sites of LSZ. The maximum adsorption of LSZ appears at the isoelectric point of LSZ (pH=10.7). In pH=5~8 (physical condition), LSZ adsorption quantity increases with the increase of pH value. The results suggest that the adsorption quality of LSZ on nano/micron COM and COD crystals can be reduced by reducing the pH value or increasing the ionic strength of urine appropriately, and thus the formation of CaOx urinary stones maybe inhibited.
2017, 33(1): 57-65
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.003
Abstract:
Carbon nanofibers embedded with (Fe1-xCox)0.8Ni0.2(x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing metallic acetylacetonate salts in argon atmosphere. The phase composition, morphology, microstructure, static magnetic properties and electromagnetic characteristics of them were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA), and their microwave absorption performances in the frequency range of 2~18 GHz were calculated according to transmission line theory. The results indicate that the as-prepared composite nanofibers have a typical ferromagnetic characteristics and are composed of amorphous carbon, graphite and face-centered cubic structured Fe-Co-Ni alloy. The in situ formed alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed along carbon-based nanofibers and encapsulated by ordered graphite layers. The silicone-based absorbing coatings with only 5%(w/w) of (Fe1-xCox)0.8Ni0.2/C composite nanofibers as absorbers exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, which are attributed to the synergistic effect between the magnetic loss and dielectric loss and the special particle/graphite core/shell microstructures in the nanofibers. The minimum reflection loss reaches -78.5, -80.2 and -63.4 dB for the x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 samples, respectively, and the absorption bandwidth of reflection loss under -20 dB is respectively up to 14.9, 14.8 and 14.5 GHz for an absorber thickness of 1.1~5.0 mm, almost covering the entire C-band to Ku-band. Furthermore, the electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorption performances can be tuned to some extent by adjusting the composition of Fe-Co-Ni alloy.
Carbon nanofibers embedded with (Fe1-xCox)0.8Ni0.2(x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing metallic acetylacetonate salts in argon atmosphere. The phase composition, morphology, microstructure, static magnetic properties and electromagnetic characteristics of them were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA), and their microwave absorption performances in the frequency range of 2~18 GHz were calculated according to transmission line theory. The results indicate that the as-prepared composite nanofibers have a typical ferromagnetic characteristics and are composed of amorphous carbon, graphite and face-centered cubic structured Fe-Co-Ni alloy. The in situ formed alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed along carbon-based nanofibers and encapsulated by ordered graphite layers. The silicone-based absorbing coatings with only 5%(w/w) of (Fe1-xCox)0.8Ni0.2/C composite nanofibers as absorbers exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, which are attributed to the synergistic effect between the magnetic loss and dielectric loss and the special particle/graphite core/shell microstructures in the nanofibers. The minimum reflection loss reaches -78.5, -80.2 and -63.4 dB for the x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 samples, respectively, and the absorption bandwidth of reflection loss under -20 dB is respectively up to 14.9, 14.8 and 14.5 GHz for an absorber thickness of 1.1~5.0 mm, almost covering the entire C-band to Ku-band. Furthermore, the electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorption performances can be tuned to some extent by adjusting the composition of Fe-Co-Ni alloy.
2017, 33(1): 66-72
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.005
Abstract:
Two metal-organic coordination polymers, {[Cu(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1) and [Cd(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)]n (2) (Ts-5-AIPA=N-p-tolylsulfonyl-5-aminoisophthalic acid radical, phen=phenanthroline), were synthesized using common solution method and hydrothermally method, respectively. Their crystal structures were determined by IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two complexes crystalize in monoclinic system, space group P21/c for complex 1 and C2/c for complex 2. They are one-dimensional chain structure, and further extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. In addition, fluorescent properties of two complexes were investigated. CCDC:839135, 1; 1472441, 2.
Two metal-organic coordination polymers, {[Cu(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1) and [Cd(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)]n (2) (Ts-5-AIPA=N-p-tolylsulfonyl-5-aminoisophthalic acid radical, phen=phenanthroline), were synthesized using common solution method and hydrothermally method, respectively. Their crystal structures were determined by IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two complexes crystalize in monoclinic system, space group P21/c for complex 1 and C2/c for complex 2. They are one-dimensional chain structure, and further extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. In addition, fluorescent properties of two complexes were investigated. CCDC:839135, 1; 1472441, 2.
2017, 33(1): 73-80
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2016.283
Abstract:
A Ru-Zn catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and the effects of the modifier ZnSO4 and the pretreatment on the performance of the Ru-Zn catalyst for selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene were investigated. The results showed that the modifier ZnSO4 could react with the promoter ZnO of the Ru-Zn catalyst to form a indissoluble (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt. Moreover, the amount of this salt increased with the increase of the concentration of the modifier ZnSO4, which made the activity of this catalyst increase and the selectivity to cyclohexene decrease. This is because the Zn2+ of the salt not only could transform the active sites Ru into the electron-deficient species in favor of the formation of cyclohexene, but also could occupy the strong active sites Ru unfavorable for the formation of cyclohexene. However, when the concentration of the modifier ZnSO4 was higher than 0.41 mol·L-1, the further increased concentration of ZnSO4 could dissolve part of the (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt due to the strong acidity for the hydrolysis of Zn2+ of ZnSO4, thus the activity of Ru-Zn catalyst increased and the selectivity to cyclohexene decreased. But the selectivity was slightly decreased, which was because Zn2+ of ZnSO4 in the solution could form a complex with cyclohexene stabilizing cyclohexene formed and preventing cyclohexene from being adsorbed on surface of the catalyst again and being hydrogenated into cyclohexane. When the Ru-Zn catalyst was pretreated for 15 h under the condition of the optium ZnSO4 concentration of 0.61 mol·L-1, the promoter ZnO of Ru-Zn catalyst could completely react with ZnSO4 to form the (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt, and this catalyst gave a selectivity of 80.2% and a cyclohexene yield of 54.7% at the benzene conversion of 68.2% at 25 min. Moreover, this catalyst had a good stability and a excellent reusability.
A Ru-Zn catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and the effects of the modifier ZnSO4 and the pretreatment on the performance of the Ru-Zn catalyst for selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene were investigated. The results showed that the modifier ZnSO4 could react with the promoter ZnO of the Ru-Zn catalyst to form a indissoluble (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt. Moreover, the amount of this salt increased with the increase of the concentration of the modifier ZnSO4, which made the activity of this catalyst increase and the selectivity to cyclohexene decrease. This is because the Zn2+ of the salt not only could transform the active sites Ru into the electron-deficient species in favor of the formation of cyclohexene, but also could occupy the strong active sites Ru unfavorable for the formation of cyclohexene. However, when the concentration of the modifier ZnSO4 was higher than 0.41 mol·L-1, the further increased concentration of ZnSO4 could dissolve part of the (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt due to the strong acidity for the hydrolysis of Zn2+ of ZnSO4, thus the activity of Ru-Zn catalyst increased and the selectivity to cyclohexene decreased. But the selectivity was slightly decreased, which was because Zn2+ of ZnSO4 in the solution could form a complex with cyclohexene stabilizing cyclohexene formed and preventing cyclohexene from being adsorbed on surface of the catalyst again and being hydrogenated into cyclohexane. When the Ru-Zn catalyst was pretreated for 15 h under the condition of the optium ZnSO4 concentration of 0.61 mol·L-1, the promoter ZnO of Ru-Zn catalyst could completely react with ZnSO4 to form the (Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O) salt, and this catalyst gave a selectivity of 80.2% and a cyclohexene yield of 54.7% at the benzene conversion of 68.2% at 25 min. Moreover, this catalyst had a good stability and a excellent reusability.
2017, 33(1): 81-88
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.007
Abstract:
Based on the magnetic kaolinite-MPS, magnetic molecularly imprinted particles (MMIPs) were further synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). The as-prepared MMIPs were charcterized by FTIR, TEM, XRD, TGA and VSM, which indicated that the MMIPs exhibited magnetic sensitivity (Ms=13.365 emu·g-1), thermal stability and the larger specific surface area(112 m2·g-1). The results of batch adsorption experiments suggested that pH value of 6.0 in testing solution was the optimal adsorption condition. The kinetic properties of MMIPs were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data, and the monolayer adsorption capacity of MMIPs at 25℃ was 89.36 mg·g-1. The selective recognition experiments demonstrated high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs towards ciprofloxacin (CIP) over competitive antibiotics. Combined with high performance liquid chromatographic analysis technology, the prepared MMIPs were successfully applied to extract trace CIP in fish samples, and the recoveries of CIP was 92.15%.
Based on the magnetic kaolinite-MPS, magnetic molecularly imprinted particles (MMIPs) were further synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). The as-prepared MMIPs were charcterized by FTIR, TEM, XRD, TGA and VSM, which indicated that the MMIPs exhibited magnetic sensitivity (Ms=13.365 emu·g-1), thermal stability and the larger specific surface area(112 m2·g-1). The results of batch adsorption experiments suggested that pH value of 6.0 in testing solution was the optimal adsorption condition. The kinetic properties of MMIPs were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data, and the monolayer adsorption capacity of MMIPs at 25℃ was 89.36 mg·g-1. The selective recognition experiments demonstrated high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs towards ciprofloxacin (CIP) over competitive antibiotics. Combined with high performance liquid chromatographic analysis technology, the prepared MMIPs were successfully applied to extract trace CIP in fish samples, and the recoveries of CIP was 92.15%.
2017, 33(1): 89-96
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2016.278
Abstract:
Two new complexes[Cd(Hcmdpca)2(phen)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu2(Hcmdpca)2(phen)4(NO3)2]·4H2O (2) (H2cmdpca=1-carboxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, phen=phenanthroline) have been synth-esized and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 all crystallize in the monoclinic system and their space group are C2/c and P21/c, respectively. In 1, Cd(Ⅱ) ion takes seven-coordination mode, and Hcmdpca- anion bridges adjacent Cd(Ⅱ) ions to generate a dinuclear structure; these dinuclear structure units are assembled into a 3D network via hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. 2 is an independent unit consisted of two discrete mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex cations, each Cu(Ⅱ) ion is located in a distorted octahedral geometry. These mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex cations and NO3- ions are connected by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, producing a 3D supramolecular network, and the hollow space of the network are occupied by water molecules. The thermal stability and luminescent property of the complexes are also investigated. CCDC:1495594, 1; 1495595, 2.
Two new complexes[Cd(Hcmdpca)2(phen)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu2(Hcmdpca)2(phen)4(NO3)2]·4H2O (2) (H2cmdpca=1-carboxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, phen=phenanthroline) have been synth-esized and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 all crystallize in the monoclinic system and their space group are C2/c and P21/c, respectively. In 1, Cd(Ⅱ) ion takes seven-coordination mode, and Hcmdpca- anion bridges adjacent Cd(Ⅱ) ions to generate a dinuclear structure; these dinuclear structure units are assembled into a 3D network via hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. 2 is an independent unit consisted of two discrete mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex cations, each Cu(Ⅱ) ion is located in a distorted octahedral geometry. These mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex cations and NO3- ions are connected by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, producing a 3D supramolecular network, and the hollow space of the network are occupied by water molecules. The thermal stability and luminescent property of the complexes are also investigated. CCDC:1495594, 1; 1495595, 2.
2017, 33(1): 97-105
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.009
Abstract:
The immobilized catalyst SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2-IL with double-acid active sites, namely Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, was synthesized by immobilization of acid ionic liquid sulfonic acid functionalized imidazolium hydrogen sulfate([Ps-im]HSO4) onto the surface of the acidic mesoporous material SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2 which was prepared by a one-step co-condensation technique combined with hydrothermal treatment. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, N2 absorption-desorption measurement, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis and TEM. The results showed that zirconium and acid structure (SO42-) were incorporated into the framework of pure silicon, bringing a certain acidity; and it also demonstrated that the ionic liquid was successfully immobilized onto the acidic mesoporous materials SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2 and the structure of the catalyst remained intact. The activity of SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2-IL was investigated by the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production as the probe reaction. The yield of biodiesel was more than 92% when the reaction was carried out under the following condition:reaction temperature, 150℃; reaction time, 4 h; amount of catalyst, 5%(w/w); methanol to soybean oil, 24:1. And the catalyst still yielded about 86% after five cycles.
The immobilized catalyst SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2-IL with double-acid active sites, namely Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, was synthesized by immobilization of acid ionic liquid sulfonic acid functionalized imidazolium hydrogen sulfate([Ps-im]HSO4) onto the surface of the acidic mesoporous material SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2 which was prepared by a one-step co-condensation technique combined with hydrothermal treatment. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, N2 absorption-desorption measurement, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis and TEM. The results showed that zirconium and acid structure (SO42-) were incorporated into the framework of pure silicon, bringing a certain acidity; and it also demonstrated that the ionic liquid was successfully immobilized onto the acidic mesoporous materials SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2 and the structure of the catalyst remained intact. The activity of SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2-IL was investigated by the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production as the probe reaction. The yield of biodiesel was more than 92% when the reaction was carried out under the following condition:reaction temperature, 150℃; reaction time, 4 h; amount of catalyst, 5%(w/w); methanol to soybean oil, 24:1. And the catalyst still yielded about 86% after five cycles.
2017, 33(1): 106-114
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.020
Abstract:
A series of carbon-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes (w=1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%) have been prepared by the carbonate co-precipitation, high temperature solid state method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were employed to analyze the crystal structure, micromorphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared materials. The results indicate that carbon was successfully coated on the particle surface, and the carbon-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes have well-ordered α-NaFeO2 structure (Space group:R3m). The average primary particle sizes were gradually increased (from 177 to 209 nm) with the increased carbon coating. The amorphous carbon layer on the surface could enhance the electronic conductivity and decrease the side reactions between electrolyte and electrodes, thus improving the electrochemical performance. The 2.0% carbon-coated sample has the best high rate and long-term cycling stability. After 100 cycles at 1C between 2.7 and 4.3 V, the material retained 93% of its initial capacity. At 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C, 5C, 10C and 20C, the specific capacities of the material were 155, 148, 145, 138, 127, 116, 104 and 96 mAh·g-1, respectively. This sample exhibits an excellent ultra-high rate performance with a high discharge capacity of 62 mAh·g-1 (the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 barely delivers 30 mAh·g-1) even at the ultra-high rate 50C (9 A·g-1).
A series of carbon-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes (w=1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%) have been prepared by the carbonate co-precipitation, high temperature solid state method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were employed to analyze the crystal structure, micromorphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared materials. The results indicate that carbon was successfully coated on the particle surface, and the carbon-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes have well-ordered α-NaFeO2 structure (Space group:R3m). The average primary particle sizes were gradually increased (from 177 to 209 nm) with the increased carbon coating. The amorphous carbon layer on the surface could enhance the electronic conductivity and decrease the side reactions between electrolyte and electrodes, thus improving the electrochemical performance. The 2.0% carbon-coated sample has the best high rate and long-term cycling stability. After 100 cycles at 1C between 2.7 and 4.3 V, the material retained 93% of its initial capacity. At 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C, 5C, 10C and 20C, the specific capacities of the material were 155, 148, 145, 138, 127, 116, 104 and 96 mAh·g-1, respectively. This sample exhibits an excellent ultra-high rate performance with a high discharge capacity of 62 mAh·g-1 (the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 barely delivers 30 mAh·g-1) even at the ultra-high rate 50C (9 A·g-1).
2017, 33(1): 115-122
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.001
Abstract:
Two metal coordination polymers, namely {[Zn(1,3-bip)(bpdc)]·0.5H2bpdc}n (1), {[Cd2(1,3-bip)2(bpdc)2]·DMF}n (2), where 1,3-bip=1,3-bis(imidazol)propane, H2bpdc=biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, were synthesized by changing the central ion with the same mixed ligands under solvothermal conditions. The complexes were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder XRD, FTIR, TGA and elemental analysis techniques. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that complex 1 exhibits a 5-fold 3D→3D parallel interpenetrating frameworks. Complex 2 features a 2D→2D (4,4) net, which are interlocked with each other to form a 2-fold parallel interpenetrating 2D architecture. The varieties in coordination numbers of the central metals are the key reasons for the structural differences. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature were also investigated. CCDC:1011050, 1; 1013480, 2.
Two metal coordination polymers, namely {[Zn(1,3-bip)(bpdc)]·0.5H2bpdc}n (1), {[Cd2(1,3-bip)2(bpdc)2]·DMF}n (2), where 1,3-bip=1,3-bis(imidazol)propane, H2bpdc=biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, were synthesized by changing the central ion with the same mixed ligands under solvothermal conditions. The complexes were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder XRD, FTIR, TGA and elemental analysis techniques. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that complex 1 exhibits a 5-fold 3D→3D parallel interpenetrating frameworks. Complex 2 features a 2D→2D (4,4) net, which are interlocked with each other to form a 2-fold parallel interpenetrating 2D architecture. The varieties in coordination numbers of the central metals are the key reasons for the structural differences. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature were also investigated. CCDC:1011050, 1; 1013480, 2.
2017, 33(1): 123-133
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2016.281
Abstract:
Two Cr-based model catalysts (Cr2O3 and CrO3/Cr2O3) were prepared respectively by precipitation and impregnation method and tested for gas phase fluorination of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane to synthesize 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. It was found that the Cr2O3 catalyst containing low valent Cr species (Cr3+) was stable during the reaction with a steady state conversion of 18.5%. On the contrary, the CrO3/Cr2O3 catalyst containing both high valent Cr species (Cr6+) and low valent Cr species (Cr3+) had higher initial activity (30.6%) but it deactivated rapidly, with the same activity as the Cr2O3 catalyst at steady state. Moreover, quantitative analyses showed that the Cr6+ species in the CrO3/Cr2O3 catalyst had an initial turnover frequency of 1.71×10-4 molHCFC-133a·molCr(Ⅵ)-1·s-1, which was much higher than that of the Cr3+ species (4.16×10-5 molHCFC-133a·molCr(Ⅲ)-1·s-1) in the Cr2O3 catalyst. In addition, the characterization results revealed that the Cr2O3 remained its structure while the high valent Cr species in the CrO3/Cr2O3 reacted with HF to form catalytically active CrOxFy species. However, such CrOxFy species could either volatilize during the reaction or transformed to stable but inactive CrF3, which accounted for the catalyst deactivation.
Two Cr-based model catalysts (Cr2O3 and CrO3/Cr2O3) were prepared respectively by precipitation and impregnation method and tested for gas phase fluorination of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane to synthesize 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. It was found that the Cr2O3 catalyst containing low valent Cr species (Cr3+) was stable during the reaction with a steady state conversion of 18.5%. On the contrary, the CrO3/Cr2O3 catalyst containing both high valent Cr species (Cr6+) and low valent Cr species (Cr3+) had higher initial activity (30.6%) but it deactivated rapidly, with the same activity as the Cr2O3 catalyst at steady state. Moreover, quantitative analyses showed that the Cr6+ species in the CrO3/Cr2O3 catalyst had an initial turnover frequency of 1.71×10-4 molHCFC-133a·molCr(Ⅵ)-1·s-1, which was much higher than that of the Cr3+ species (4.16×10-5 molHCFC-133a·molCr(Ⅲ)-1·s-1) in the Cr2O3 catalyst. In addition, the characterization results revealed that the Cr2O3 remained its structure while the high valent Cr species in the CrO3/Cr2O3 reacted with HF to form catalytically active CrOxFy species. However, such CrOxFy species could either volatilize during the reaction or transformed to stable but inactive CrF3, which accounted for the catalyst deactivation.
2017, 33(1): 134-142
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.012
Abstract:
Two Ag(Ⅰ) complexes of[Ag2(μ-L)2L2(NO3)2] (1) and {[Ag2(μ-L')2(H2O)2](NO3)2}n (2), where L (or L')=3-methyl-4-ethyl-5-(2(or 4)-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, fluorescence measurement and TGA. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in triclinic system with space group P1. Crystallographic studies show that both complex 1 and 2 have a distorted tetrahedral core[AgN3O] with one NO3- in 1 but one coordinated H2O molecule in 2. Complex 1 is a binuclear silver(Ⅰ) complex bridged through the nitrogen atoms of triazole rings. Complex 2 is a polymer complex bridged by the nitrogen atoms of pyridine and triazole rings. CCDC:1046706, L'; 1046707, 1; 1046708, 2.
Two Ag(Ⅰ) complexes of[Ag2(μ-L)2L2(NO3)2] (1) and {[Ag2(μ-L')2(H2O)2](NO3)2}n (2), where L (or L')=3-methyl-4-ethyl-5-(2(or 4)-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, fluorescence measurement and TGA. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in triclinic system with space group P1. Crystallographic studies show that both complex 1 and 2 have a distorted tetrahedral core[AgN3O] with one NO3- in 1 but one coordinated H2O molecule in 2. Complex 1 is a binuclear silver(Ⅰ) complex bridged through the nitrogen atoms of triazole rings. Complex 2 is a polymer complex bridged by the nitrogen atoms of pyridine and triazole rings. CCDC:1046706, L'; 1046707, 1; 1046708, 2.
2017, 33(1): 143-148
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2016.283
Abstract:
Two binuclear complexes, namely[Cu2(L)2Cl2] (1) and[Cu2(L)2(OAc)2] (2) (where HL is 1-(3-methylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene-4-phenylsemicarbazide), have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that in both binuclear complexes, each central Cu(Ⅱ) ion with a distorted square pyramid coordination geometry is surrounded by one independent anionic ligand with N2O donor set and two coordinated anions (chloride for 1, whilst acetate for 2), one of which acts as a μ2-bridge. In addition, the fluorescence spectra indicate that the interactions of the complexes with DNA are stronger than that of the ligand HL. CCDC:1455421, 1; 1455422, 2.
Two binuclear complexes, namely[Cu2(L)2Cl2] (1) and[Cu2(L)2(OAc)2] (2) (where HL is 1-(3-methylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene-4-phenylsemicarbazide), have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that in both binuclear complexes, each central Cu(Ⅱ) ion with a distorted square pyramid coordination geometry is surrounded by one independent anionic ligand with N2O donor set and two coordinated anions (chloride for 1, whilst acetate for 2), one of which acts as a μ2-bridge. In addition, the fluorescence spectra indicate that the interactions of the complexes with DNA are stronger than that of the ligand HL. CCDC:1455421, 1; 1455422, 2.
2017, 33(1): 149-155
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.008
Abstract:
Two novel complexes,[Cu(Ⅰ)(dmphen)(SCN)]n (1) and [Cu(Ⅱ)(dmphen)(DMF)(NCS)2] (2) (dmphen=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide), have been obtained by the precipitation reaction and DMF recrystallization with cupric chloride dihydrate, dmphen and ammonium thiocyanate as reactants, and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Their thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties have also been investigated. The results show that 1 belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a=1.211 1(4) nm, b=0.826 2(2) nm, c=1.367 5(4) nm, β=96.502(5)°, V=1.359 5(7) nm3, and Z=4. 1 features one-dimensional zigzag chains with Cu atoms bridged by thiocyanate groups. 2 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.943 6(2) nm, b=1.010 9(2) nm, c=1.219 0(3) nm, α=95.628(4)°, β=103.114(4)°, γ=107.087(4)°, V=1.065 4(4) nm3, and Z=2; the three-dimensional supramolecular framework of 2 is constructed by C-H…S hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. TG and fluorescence analysis show the thermal stability of 1 is higher than of 2, and 1 has the maximum emission band of the fluorescence at 603 nm. CCDC:1063354, 1; 1448398, 2.
Two novel complexes,[Cu(Ⅰ)(dmphen)(SCN)]n (1) and [Cu(Ⅱ)(dmphen)(DMF)(NCS)2] (2) (dmphen=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide), have been obtained by the precipitation reaction and DMF recrystallization with cupric chloride dihydrate, dmphen and ammonium thiocyanate as reactants, and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Their thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties have also been investigated. The results show that 1 belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a=1.211 1(4) nm, b=0.826 2(2) nm, c=1.367 5(4) nm, β=96.502(5)°, V=1.359 5(7) nm3, and Z=4. 1 features one-dimensional zigzag chains with Cu atoms bridged by thiocyanate groups. 2 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.943 6(2) nm, b=1.010 9(2) nm, c=1.219 0(3) nm, α=95.628(4)°, β=103.114(4)°, γ=107.087(4)°, V=1.065 4(4) nm3, and Z=2; the three-dimensional supramolecular framework of 2 is constructed by C-H…S hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. TG and fluorescence analysis show the thermal stability of 1 is higher than of 2, and 1 has the maximum emission band of the fluorescence at 603 nm. CCDC:1063354, 1; 1448398, 2.
2017, 33(1): 156-162
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.002
Abstract:
The reaction of M(NO3)2·6H2O (M=Cd, Zn), isophthalic acid(H2IP) as well as 1,4-bis(4-methyl-imidazolyl)benzene(BMIB) results in formation of a 1D complex {[Cd(BMIB)(H2O)2](NO3)2}n (1) and 3D complex {[Zn2(BMIB)1.5(OH)(IP)1.5]·H2O}n (2). X-ray diffraction crystal structure analysis shows that 1 crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.3820 8(3) nm, b=0.904 72(7) nm, c=1.378 29(10) nm, α=98.581(4)°, β=97.020(3)°, γ=94.398(3)°. In 1, BMIB links all the Cd atoms into a 1D chain, which forms 2D bilayer through the H-bond interactions. The complex 2 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a=3.764 07(9) nm, b=1.017 18(5) nm, c=2.015 31(11) nm, β=120.860(2)°. On the other hand, in 2, the carboxylate group of ligand IP2- with μ2-η1:η1 coor-dination mode links metal atoms to give a 1D double-chain structure, which forms 3D network through Zn-N and Zn-OH interactions. In addition, the fluorescence property of complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated, which exhibit good fluorescence in the solid state at room temperature. CCDC:1511866, 1; 1511867, 2.
The reaction of M(NO3)2·6H2O (M=Cd, Zn), isophthalic acid(H2IP) as well as 1,4-bis(4-methyl-imidazolyl)benzene(BMIB) results in formation of a 1D complex {[Cd(BMIB)(H2O)2](NO3)2}n (1) and 3D complex {[Zn2(BMIB)1.5(OH)(IP)1.5]·H2O}n (2). X-ray diffraction crystal structure analysis shows that 1 crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1 with a=0.3820 8(3) nm, b=0.904 72(7) nm, c=1.378 29(10) nm, α=98.581(4)°, β=97.020(3)°, γ=94.398(3)°. In 1, BMIB links all the Cd atoms into a 1D chain, which forms 2D bilayer through the H-bond interactions. The complex 2 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a=3.764 07(9) nm, b=1.017 18(5) nm, c=2.015 31(11) nm, β=120.860(2)°. On the other hand, in 2, the carboxylate group of ligand IP2- with μ2-η1:η1 coor-dination mode links metal atoms to give a 1D double-chain structure, which forms 3D network through Zn-N and Zn-OH interactions. In addition, the fluorescence property of complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated, which exhibit good fluorescence in the solid state at room temperature. CCDC:1511866, 1; 1511867, 2.
2017, 33(1): 163-168
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.023
Abstract:
Two complexes, namely[Cu(HL)(H2O)(NO3)]NO3 (1) and [Zn(HL)Cl2] (2) (where HL is 1-(3-ethylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene-4-phenylsemicarbazide) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that in complex 1, the center Cu(Ⅱ) ion is penta-coordinated by one neutral tridentate semicarbazone, one coordinated water molecule and one monodentate nitrate, thus giving a distorted square pyramid coordination geometry. The coordination geometry of the Zn(Ⅱ) ion in complex 2 is same as that of the Cu(Ⅱ) ion in complex 1, while with N2OCl2 donor set. In methanol solution, the fluorescence spectra of the ligand HL and complex 2 are quite similar, whilst the emission peak of complex 1 has slightly red-shift, primarily due to the charge transfer between the ligand and metal ion. CCDC:1497370, 1; 1497371, 2.
Two complexes, namely[Cu(HL)(H2O)(NO3)]NO3 (1) and [Zn(HL)Cl2] (2) (where HL is 1-(3-ethylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene-4-phenylsemicarbazide) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that in complex 1, the center Cu(Ⅱ) ion is penta-coordinated by one neutral tridentate semicarbazone, one coordinated water molecule and one monodentate nitrate, thus giving a distorted square pyramid coordination geometry. The coordination geometry of the Zn(Ⅱ) ion in complex 2 is same as that of the Cu(Ⅱ) ion in complex 1, while with N2OCl2 donor set. In methanol solution, the fluorescence spectra of the ligand HL and complex 2 are quite similar, whilst the emission peak of complex 1 has slightly red-shift, primarily due to the charge transfer between the ligand and metal ion. CCDC:1497370, 1; 1497371, 2.
2017, 33(1): 169-174
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2017.006
Abstract:
Reactions of structurally well-defined europium(Ⅲ) amido complex having 2-(phenyliminomethine)indolyl ligands[η1:η1-2-(C6H5NH=CH)C8H5N]2Eu[N(SiMe3)2] (1) with formamidines (2,6-R2C6H3N=CHNH(C6H3R2-2,6) (R=iPr (2), Me (3)) afforded the formamidinato indolyl-ligated europium complex[η1:η1-2-(C6H5NH=CH)C8H5N]Eu[(η3-2,6-iPr2C6H3)N=CHN(C6H3iPr2-2,6)] [N(SiMe3)2] (4) and formamidinato complex[(η3-2,6-Me2C6H3)N=CHN(C6H3Me2-2,6)]2Eu[N(SiMe3)2] (5), respectively. Results showed that the steric hindrance of formamidines has a great influence on the reactivity of the imino-functionalized indolyl rare-earth metal amido complex with diaryl-substitued formamidines. The complexes 4 and 5 were characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses and X-ray crystallographic diffraction study. CCDC:1496184, 4; 1496185, 5.
Reactions of structurally well-defined europium(Ⅲ) amido complex having 2-(phenyliminomethine)indolyl ligands[η1:η1-2-(C6H5NH=CH)C8H5N]2Eu[N(SiMe3)2] (1) with formamidines (2,6-R2C6H3N=CHNH(C6H3R2-2,6) (R=iPr (2), Me (3)) afforded the formamidinato indolyl-ligated europium complex[η1:η1-2-(C6H5NH=CH)C8H5N]Eu[(η3-2,6-iPr2C6H3)N=CHN(C6H3iPr2-2,6)] [N(SiMe3)2] (4) and formamidinato complex[(η3-2,6-Me2C6H3)N=CHN(C6H3Me2-2,6)]2Eu[N(SiMe3)2] (5), respectively. Results showed that the steric hindrance of formamidines has a great influence on the reactivity of the imino-functionalized indolyl rare-earth metal amido complex with diaryl-substitued formamidines. The complexes 4 and 5 were characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses and X-ray crystallographic diffraction study. CCDC:1496184, 4; 1496185, 5.
