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2024 Volume 39 Issue 8
2024, 39(8): 1-6
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311072
Abstract:
Experimental instruction is a vital means to validate theoretical knowledge, cultivate experimental skills, and enhance scientific literacy for students. Guided of curricular ideology and politic education, the School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Sciences of Guangxi Normal University has diligently designed a syllabus for chemistry laboratory courses. It has organized the content meticulously and conducted experimental teaching that synergizes "learning", “practice”, “speaking” and “writing”. The introduction of a capability-oriented, continuous assessment and evaluation method has facilitated the deep integration of pedagogical and academic elements within the experimental teaching process, aiming to cultivate high-caliber, professional, innovative, and exceptional chemistry teachers.
Experimental instruction is a vital means to validate theoretical knowledge, cultivate experimental skills, and enhance scientific literacy for students. Guided of curricular ideology and politic education, the School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Sciences of Guangxi Normal University has diligently designed a syllabus for chemistry laboratory courses. It has organized the content meticulously and conducted experimental teaching that synergizes "learning", “practice”, “speaking” and “writing”. The introduction of a capability-oriented, continuous assessment and evaluation method has facilitated the deep integration of pedagogical and academic elements within the experimental teaching process, aiming to cultivate high-caliber, professional, innovative, and exceptional chemistry teachers.
2024, 39(8): 7-15
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311047
Abstract:
Curriculum integrated with ideological and political education is an important approach for moral education in Chinese higher education. In the context of establishing first-class undergraduate majors, the implementation of ideological and political construction in professional introductory courses is essential for achieving the "Trinity" model of talent cultivation. This paper focus on the ideological and political teaching construction in the introductory course of Applied Chemistry, analyzing the current teaching status and its necessity. Positioned to cultivate application-oriented undergraduate talents and aligned with the graduation requirements of engineering education accreditation, this study delves into the “134” ideological and political teaching model. It explores four key dimensions: the teaching content of introductory courses, ideological and political elements, teaching methods, and teaching evaluation. We have reconstructed the teaching content to include six themes, embedding the ideological threads of “chemical spirit, craftsman spirit, and national spirit.” This approach employs diverse methods to seamlessly integrate moral and intellectual education, aiding students in objectively understanding chemical engineering concepts. Evaluation data indicates that the “134” model significantly enhances the educational quality and effectiveness of the professional introduction, fostering a comprehensive “Trinity” curriculum system and contributing to the development of elite undergraduate programs.
Curriculum integrated with ideological and political education is an important approach for moral education in Chinese higher education. In the context of establishing first-class undergraduate majors, the implementation of ideological and political construction in professional introductory courses is essential for achieving the "Trinity" model of talent cultivation. This paper focus on the ideological and political teaching construction in the introductory course of Applied Chemistry, analyzing the current teaching status and its necessity. Positioned to cultivate application-oriented undergraduate talents and aligned with the graduation requirements of engineering education accreditation, this study delves into the “134” ideological and political teaching model. It explores four key dimensions: the teaching content of introductory courses, ideological and political elements, teaching methods, and teaching evaluation. We have reconstructed the teaching content to include six themes, embedding the ideological threads of “chemical spirit, craftsman spirit, and national spirit.” This approach employs diverse methods to seamlessly integrate moral and intellectual education, aiding students in objectively understanding chemical engineering concepts. Evaluation data indicates that the “134” model significantly enhances the educational quality and effectiveness of the professional introduction, fostering a comprehensive “Trinity” curriculum system and contributing to the development of elite undergraduate programs.
2024, 39(8): 16-22
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311062
Abstract:
Focusing on the training objectives of medical students in the context of emerging medical education, this paper addresses the prevalent issues in the traditional chemistry laboratory courses within medical schools. This reform is conducted through four key dimensions: educational philosophy, course content, teaching methods and evaluation systems. It establishes a novel learning paradigm that encourages student-driven, collaborative and inquiry-based learning, while emphasizing the deep integration of in-class and extracurricular activities. This approach aims to develop a distinctive Chinese model of foundational chemistry courses in universities, supporting the cultivation of medical professionals.
Focusing on the training objectives of medical students in the context of emerging medical education, this paper addresses the prevalent issues in the traditional chemistry laboratory courses within medical schools. This reform is conducted through four key dimensions: educational philosophy, course content, teaching methods and evaluation systems. It establishes a novel learning paradigm that encourages student-driven, collaborative and inquiry-based learning, while emphasizing the deep integration of in-class and extracurricular activities. This approach aims to develop a distinctive Chinese model of foundational chemistry courses in universities, supporting the cultivation of medical professionals.
2024, 39(8): 23-27
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312052
Abstract:
Pre-laboratory preparation is a crucial component in experimental instruction. The scientific design and effective implementation of preparation not only directly impact the students’ learning effectiveness and the teachers’ instructional efficacy, but also play a pivotal role in cultivating students’ cognitive ability and inquiry spirit, acting as a small lever that can yield significant educational benefits. This paper presents the exploration and summary of an approach adopted by the General Chemistry Experimental Course Team at Wuhan University, which utilizes a blend of online and offline resources to assist lower-year students in their laboratory preparation. It highlights the innovative use of interactive lecture notes and a “Six-Step” preparatory teaching model, aimed at subtly fostering students’ critical thinking and self-learning abilities for steady enhancement.
Pre-laboratory preparation is a crucial component in experimental instruction. The scientific design and effective implementation of preparation not only directly impact the students’ learning effectiveness and the teachers’ instructional efficacy, but also play a pivotal role in cultivating students’ cognitive ability and inquiry spirit, acting as a small lever that can yield significant educational benefits. This paper presents the exploration and summary of an approach adopted by the General Chemistry Experimental Course Team at Wuhan University, which utilizes a blend of online and offline resources to assist lower-year students in their laboratory preparation. It highlights the innovative use of interactive lecture notes and a “Six-Step” preparatory teaching model, aimed at subtly fostering students’ critical thinking and self-learning abilities for steady enhancement.
2024, 39(8): 28-35
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311080
Abstract:
This paper presents the development of an ideological and political education teaching system for non-chemical majors in geology and materials science, based on the knowledge system of physical chemistry. The teaching system is centered around three main themes: correct worldview and scientific methodology, scientific exploration and scientific spirit, and humanistic literacy and cultural inheritance. By integrating the reconstructed physical chemistry knowledge system with ideological and political education, the teaching design aims to shape students’ values. The successful integration of ideological and political elements into teaching practice has resulted in positive teaching outcomes.
This paper presents the development of an ideological and political education teaching system for non-chemical majors in geology and materials science, based on the knowledge system of physical chemistry. The teaching system is centered around three main themes: correct worldview and scientific methodology, scientific exploration and scientific spirit, and humanistic literacy and cultural inheritance. By integrating the reconstructed physical chemistry knowledge system with ideological and political education, the teaching design aims to shape students’ values. The successful integration of ideological and political elements into teaching practice has resulted in positive teaching outcomes.
2024, 39(8): 36-43
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312037
Abstract:
A first-class curriculum stands at the heart of talent education, playing a pivotal role in achieving the educational objectives. Against the backdrop of the “Double Frist-Class” initiative, this paper examines the construction approach and practices of the provincial-level premier course in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at Jianghan University. Educational reforms have been implemented in three key areas: the integration of professional and ideological education, consolidation of teaching content and resources, and the blending of online and offline instructional methods. This has led to the development of a “MOOCs + Flipped Classroom + Problem-Based-Learning (PBL)” instructional model and a “Three-Phase, Seven-Step” teaching methodology, both aimed at enhancing students’ engagement and fostering their self-directed learning skills. These measures offer valuable insights for the development of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry courses at local colleges and universities.
A first-class curriculum stands at the heart of talent education, playing a pivotal role in achieving the educational objectives. Against the backdrop of the “Double Frist-Class” initiative, this paper examines the construction approach and practices of the provincial-level premier course in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at Jianghan University. Educational reforms have been implemented in three key areas: the integration of professional and ideological education, consolidation of teaching content and resources, and the blending of online and offline instructional methods. This has led to the development of a “MOOCs + Flipped Classroom + Problem-Based-Learning (PBL)” instructional model and a “Three-Phase, Seven-Step” teaching methodology, both aimed at enhancing students’ engagement and fostering their self-directed learning skills. These measures offer valuable insights for the development of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry courses at local colleges and universities.
2024, 39(8): 44-47
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312086
Abstract:
With the development of modern information technology, the use of interconnected thinking to create stereoscopic textbooks has become a trend in the reform of university textbooks. Energy storage science and engineering, as an emerging profession, is facing an urgent task of constructing a textbook system. This article takes the design and implementation of the stereoscopic textbook Basic Course of Electrochemistry as an example, starting from the methods of solving teaching problems, proposes the construction path of a new form of stereoscopic textbook, and proposes some effective construction methods. And we hope to provide useful ideas for the reform of new form textbooks.
With the development of modern information technology, the use of interconnected thinking to create stereoscopic textbooks has become a trend in the reform of university textbooks. Energy storage science and engineering, as an emerging profession, is facing an urgent task of constructing a textbook system. This article takes the design and implementation of the stereoscopic textbook Basic Course of Electrochemistry as an example, starting from the methods of solving teaching problems, proposes the construction path of a new form of stereoscopic textbook, and proposes some effective construction methods. And we hope to provide useful ideas for the reform of new form textbooks.
2024, 39(8): 48-53
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312042
Abstract:
To deepen the integration of information technology and experimental teaching, and to advance the reform and innovation of chemical experiment instruction, this article employs virtual simulation technology to investigate a dual-pathway blended learning model, exemplified by the synthesis and differential thermal analysis of the copper glycine complex. This approach marks a shift in chemistry experiment teaching from a closed to an open model, establishing a two-dimensional framework of “process and outcome” and a tripartite integration of “virtual and real, theoretical and practical, online and offline” activities. It implements a diversified experimental teaching evaluation method through “pre-lab online preparation, in-lab experimental operation, and post-lab summary and analysis”, fostering students’ self-directed learning and exploratory skills. This method facilitates the transition from passive to constructive knowledge acquisition.
To deepen the integration of information technology and experimental teaching, and to advance the reform and innovation of chemical experiment instruction, this article employs virtual simulation technology to investigate a dual-pathway blended learning model, exemplified by the synthesis and differential thermal analysis of the copper glycine complex. This approach marks a shift in chemistry experiment teaching from a closed to an open model, establishing a two-dimensional framework of “process and outcome” and a tripartite integration of “virtual and real, theoretical and practical, online and offline” activities. It implements a diversified experimental teaching evaluation method through “pre-lab online preparation, in-lab experimental operation, and post-lab summary and analysis”, fostering students’ self-directed learning and exploratory skills. This method facilitates the transition from passive to constructive knowledge acquisition.
2024, 39(8): 54-63
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312088
Abstract:
In order to improve the teaching quality of Organic Chemistry courses in normal universities, this study analyzes the problems in the construction of this course based on the principles of “student-centered, outcome-oriented, and continuous improvement”. The analysis is conducted from both the perspectives of student learning and teacher instruction. Moreover, targeted solutions are proposed, and the implementation of the “128” strategy for course construction is described. As a result, a distinctive and highly effective teaching system for Organic Chemistry courses has been established, leading to significant achievements in curriculum development.
In order to improve the teaching quality of Organic Chemistry courses in normal universities, this study analyzes the problems in the construction of this course based on the principles of “student-centered, outcome-oriented, and continuous improvement”. The analysis is conducted from both the perspectives of student learning and teacher instruction. Moreover, targeted solutions are proposed, and the implementation of the “128” strategy for course construction is described. As a result, a distinctive and highly effective teaching system for Organic Chemistry courses has been established, leading to significant achievements in curriculum development.
2024, 39(8): 64-71
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312028
Abstract:
In response to the difficulties students face in understanding abstract structures and complex reactions in organic chemistry teaching, this study explores the combination of virtual reality (VR) technology, specifically the chemistry metaverse, with organic chemistry courses. This approach allows students to learn about the molecular structure, spatial conformation, and reaction mechanisms of organic compounds through interactive learning. The integration of VR technology not only improves the quality of organic chemistry teaching, but also enhances students’ interest in learning, as well as their hands-on and innovative abilities. Additionally, this research analyzes the challenges and innovations in applying VR technology to organic chemistry teaching. By addressing the gap in the use of VR technology in organic chemistry teaching and research in domestic universities, this study demonstrates its significant potential.
In response to the difficulties students face in understanding abstract structures and complex reactions in organic chemistry teaching, this study explores the combination of virtual reality (VR) technology, specifically the chemistry metaverse, with organic chemistry courses. This approach allows students to learn about the molecular structure, spatial conformation, and reaction mechanisms of organic compounds through interactive learning. The integration of VR technology not only improves the quality of organic chemistry teaching, but also enhances students’ interest in learning, as well as their hands-on and innovative abilities. Additionally, this research analyzes the challenges and innovations in applying VR technology to organic chemistry teaching. By addressing the gap in the use of VR technology in organic chemistry teaching and research in domestic universities, this study demonstrates its significant potential.
2024, 39(8): 72-77
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312060
Abstract:
In the context of the development of new agricultural sciences, innovatively integrating public basic courses with agricultural elements, and optimizing teaching methods, represent critical strategies for advancing the reform of agricultural science’s characteristic basic courses. The course team has undertaken explorations and practices in integrating teaching content with agricultural characteristics, incorporating "agricultural flavor" into ideological and political education, and establishing a learning-centered, autonomous, cooperative, and inquiry-based teaching mode. Through these teaching reforms and practices, an effective integration of chemical knowledge with agricultural professional knowledge has been achieved, which is conducive to improving students' abilities to address issues within the agricultural field and providing support for the cultivation of exceptional talents in agriculture and forestry in the new era.
In the context of the development of new agricultural sciences, innovatively integrating public basic courses with agricultural elements, and optimizing teaching methods, represent critical strategies for advancing the reform of agricultural science’s characteristic basic courses. The course team has undertaken explorations and practices in integrating teaching content with agricultural characteristics, incorporating "agricultural flavor" into ideological and political education, and establishing a learning-centered, autonomous, cooperative, and inquiry-based teaching mode. Through these teaching reforms and practices, an effective integration of chemical knowledge with agricultural professional knowledge has been achieved, which is conducive to improving students' abilities to address issues within the agricultural field and providing support for the cultivation of exceptional talents in agriculture and forestry in the new era.
Reform and Practice of Physical Chemistry Course Based on Enhanced Process Assessment and Evaluation
2024, 39(8): 78-83
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311103
Abstract:
Scientific and effective process assessment and evaluation can significantly improve learning outcomes, constructing an integral part of courses reform and construction of science and engineering. Under the background of engineering education certification, the existing problems were analyzed from the course orientation of physical chemistry, and the reform of process assessment and evaluation with clear priorities, rich content and incessancy was implemented. The reform and practice focused on dispersing learning pressure and changing learning habits, which has produced significant cumulative effects. As a result, it could effectively inspire students’ interest, build up confidence, and improve teaching satisfaction and learning effectiveness, which performed the outcome based education (OBE) concept of “student-centered, outcome-based, and continuous improvement”. It can be used as the reference for the courses reform of science and engineering with large volume.
Scientific and effective process assessment and evaluation can significantly improve learning outcomes, constructing an integral part of courses reform and construction of science and engineering. Under the background of engineering education certification, the existing problems were analyzed from the course orientation of physical chemistry, and the reform of process assessment and evaluation with clear priorities, rich content and incessancy was implemented. The reform and practice focused on dispersing learning pressure and changing learning habits, which has produced significant cumulative effects. As a result, it could effectively inspire students’ interest, build up confidence, and improve teaching satisfaction and learning effectiveness, which performed the outcome based education (OBE) concept of “student-centered, outcome-based, and continuous improvement”. It can be used as the reference for the courses reform of science and engineering with large volume.
2024, 39(8): 84-90
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312091
Abstract:
To address the increasingly fierce international competition and the demand for top-notch talent, the physics and chemistry teaching team at Northwest University has implemented innovative reforms in both teaching content (integrating ideological and political elements into the curriculum) and teaching mode (flipped classroom). This aims to stimulate students’ curiosity, motivation, and proactivity in learning, foster their comprehensive learning abilities, and enhance the quality of talent development. This paper presents a teaching model for the Nernst Equation, employing a “flipped classroom” approach that centers around students and is guided by teachers’ inspiration. Through group discussions and inquiry-based learning, students’ research, communication, collaboration skills, as well as their innovative and critical thinking abilities, are cultivated, fostering a sense of national confidence and social responsibility.
To address the increasingly fierce international competition and the demand for top-notch talent, the physics and chemistry teaching team at Northwest University has implemented innovative reforms in both teaching content (integrating ideological and political elements into the curriculum) and teaching mode (flipped classroom). This aims to stimulate students’ curiosity, motivation, and proactivity in learning, foster their comprehensive learning abilities, and enhance the quality of talent development. This paper presents a teaching model for the Nernst Equation, employing a “flipped classroom” approach that centers around students and is guided by teachers’ inspiration. Through group discussions and inquiry-based learning, students’ research, communication, collaboration skills, as well as their innovative and critical thinking abilities, are cultivated, fostering a sense of national confidence and social responsibility.
2024, 39(8): 91-98
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312087
Abstract:
Addressing the challenges faced in “Principles of Chemical Engineering” teaching, characterized by students’ difficulties in comprehension, application, and persistence, the teaching team, guided by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) philosophy, has enriched the theoretical teaching framework through a “multi-dimensional and comprehensive” approach. Efforts to solidify foundational knowledge and strengthen practical skills aim to cultivate chemical engineering thinking. The adoption of a “multi-project, multi-stakeholder” approach for teaching evaluation has facilitated the innovative reform of the “Principles of Chemical Engineering” course. This initiative has significantly enhanced students’ abilities in innovation, practice, and engineering thinking. Simultaneously, as the teaching team progresses with the instructional innovations and reforms, their engagement in teaching research and participation in teaching competitions have notably improved their teaching competencies.
Addressing the challenges faced in “Principles of Chemical Engineering” teaching, characterized by students’ difficulties in comprehension, application, and persistence, the teaching team, guided by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) philosophy, has enriched the theoretical teaching framework through a “multi-dimensional and comprehensive” approach. Efforts to solidify foundational knowledge and strengthen practical skills aim to cultivate chemical engineering thinking. The adoption of a “multi-project, multi-stakeholder” approach for teaching evaluation has facilitated the innovative reform of the “Principles of Chemical Engineering” course. This initiative has significantly enhanced students’ abilities in innovation, practice, and engineering thinking. Simultaneously, as the teaching team progresses with the instructional innovations and reforms, their engagement in teaching research and participation in teaching competitions have notably improved their teaching competencies.
2024, 39(8): 99-103
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401087
Abstract:
Addressing the current status of teaching quantum mechanics in undergraduate chemistry programs, the structural chemistry course group at Xiamen University has developed an undergraduate quantum mechanics module by integrating the disciplines of structural chemistry and general university physics. This paper explores the teaching content and methods of this new course and provides a future outlook for its development.
Addressing the current status of teaching quantum mechanics in undergraduate chemistry programs, the structural chemistry course group at Xiamen University has developed an undergraduate quantum mechanics module by integrating the disciplines of structural chemistry and general university physics. This paper explores the teaching content and methods of this new course and provides a future outlook for its development.
2024, 39(8): 104-111
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312089
Abstract:
Under the concept of integrating science, industry, and education, curriculum reform on “modern analytical technology” has been carried out. Mainly based on intra-school, inter-school and school-enterprise collaborations, high-quality teacher resources are shared. By integrating frontier science and practical production, the teaching content is greatly enriched. A multi-dimensional teaching mode is employed, including teacher-led instruction, student-driven inquiry, a blend of theoretical learning with virtual and practical experiments, collaboration of online and offline resources, and teaching supported by social media platforms. Additionally, a diversified evaluation system is conducted to promote both learning and teaching. The practical results indicate a marked improvement in teaching quality, significantly fostering the development of versatile talents adept in theoretical knowledge, scientific research, and practical application.
Under the concept of integrating science, industry, and education, curriculum reform on “modern analytical technology” has been carried out. Mainly based on intra-school, inter-school and school-enterprise collaborations, high-quality teacher resources are shared. By integrating frontier science and practical production, the teaching content is greatly enriched. A multi-dimensional teaching mode is employed, including teacher-led instruction, student-driven inquiry, a blend of theoretical learning with virtual and practical experiments, collaboration of online and offline resources, and teaching supported by social media platforms. Additionally, a diversified evaluation system is conducted to promote both learning and teaching. The practical results indicate a marked improvement in teaching quality, significantly fostering the development of versatile talents adept in theoretical knowledge, scientific research, and practical application.
2024, 39(8): 112-118
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402021
Abstract:
Physical chemistry is a fundamental course in chemistry, materials science, and related fields, characterized by abstract concepts, numerous formulas, theoretical systems, and strong logical foundations. Students generally consider that concepts are obscure and difficult to understand, and the classroom participation is low. Moreover, it is difficult to use knowledge to solve problems, and form general thinking via physical chemistry. In response to the characteristics of the bachelor-master-doctor integrated training in our school, we have formed a diversified teaching model that integrates science and teaching through diversified course content interconnection, innovative teaching models, and integration of diverse ideological and political elements. This model visualizes abstract knowledge, stimulates student interest, exercises their scientific thinking, and enhances their interest in scientific research.
Physical chemistry is a fundamental course in chemistry, materials science, and related fields, characterized by abstract concepts, numerous formulas, theoretical systems, and strong logical foundations. Students generally consider that concepts are obscure and difficult to understand, and the classroom participation is low. Moreover, it is difficult to use knowledge to solve problems, and form general thinking via physical chemistry. In response to the characteristics of the bachelor-master-doctor integrated training in our school, we have formed a diversified teaching model that integrates science and teaching through diversified course content interconnection, innovative teaching models, and integration of diverse ideological and political elements. This model visualizes abstract knowledge, stimulates student interest, exercises their scientific thinking, and enhances their interest in scientific research.
2024, 39(8): 119-125
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401057
Abstract:
Higher education combines both breadth and depth, with chemistry serving as a core discipline facilitating the development of other subjects. General chemistry courses are designed to cultivate the precise logical thinking and judgment skills in chemistry among university students. Aiming to advance the construction of “new engineering, new medicine, and new agricultural sciences”, the Department of Chemistry at Zhejiang University has inaugurated eight general courses for nearly 50 majors across the university. The department has pioneered a “four-level, three linkage” general chemistry curriculum system, spanning University Chemistry, General Chemistry (A/H), General Chemistry (B), to Engineering Chemistry, supported by an integrated teacher-teaching department-student management trio and an extensive teaching assistant program. This innovation system develops a chemistry education framework that prioritizes student development, substantially elevating the chemical acumen and problem-solving abilities of students in “new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural sciences”.
Higher education combines both breadth and depth, with chemistry serving as a core discipline facilitating the development of other subjects. General chemistry courses are designed to cultivate the precise logical thinking and judgment skills in chemistry among university students. Aiming to advance the construction of “new engineering, new medicine, and new agricultural sciences”, the Department of Chemistry at Zhejiang University has inaugurated eight general courses for nearly 50 majors across the university. The department has pioneered a “four-level, three linkage” general chemistry curriculum system, spanning University Chemistry, General Chemistry (A/H), General Chemistry (B), to Engineering Chemistry, supported by an integrated teacher-teaching department-student management trio and an extensive teaching assistant program. This innovation system develops a chemistry education framework that prioritizes student development, substantially elevating the chemical acumen and problem-solving abilities of students in “new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural sciences”.
2024, 39(8): 126-131
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401034
Abstract:
This study develops a College Chemistry teaching system at China University of Petroleum, aligned with the training objectives of Science Experimental Class. By optimizing teaching contents, reforming teaching methods, and organizing students to practice, the integration of developing scientific research ability into the entire chemistry curriculum is achieved seamlessly. Following the principle of tailored education, the curriculum emphasizes complexity, innovation, and challenge. It can also enhance students’ scientific literacy, innovative awareness, and scientific research ability through knowledge acquisition, capability development, and skill training. This approach aims to maximize student growth and lay a solid foundation for future academic pursuits.
This study develops a College Chemistry teaching system at China University of Petroleum, aligned with the training objectives of Science Experimental Class. By optimizing teaching contents, reforming teaching methods, and organizing students to practice, the integration of developing scientific research ability into the entire chemistry curriculum is achieved seamlessly. Following the principle of tailored education, the curriculum emphasizes complexity, innovation, and challenge. It can also enhance students’ scientific literacy, innovative awareness, and scientific research ability through knowledge acquisition, capability development, and skill training. This approach aims to maximize student growth and lay a solid foundation for future academic pursuits.
2024, 39(8): 132-135
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401052
Abstract:
The new era is characterized by knowledge production diversity, interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation. Engineering universities urgently need to update their scientific talent cultivation mechanisms to stay aligned with these evolving demands. Over the past twenty years, the Department of Materials Chemistry at Harbin Institute of Technology has responded to the major strategic needs of national aerospace. It has developed a unique “Big Chemistry” approach to science education, characterized by its aerospace and defense focus and a “Trinity and Multidimensional Integration” model that combines multiple disciplines. This paper provides a systematic exploration and implementation of this model, detailing the formation process, conceptual framework, construction of a molecular knowledge system, and the cultivation of cross-disciplinary practical skills through “Triple mentorship and Triple Practice”.
The new era is characterized by knowledge production diversity, interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation. Engineering universities urgently need to update their scientific talent cultivation mechanisms to stay aligned with these evolving demands. Over the past twenty years, the Department of Materials Chemistry at Harbin Institute of Technology has responded to the major strategic needs of national aerospace. It has developed a unique “Big Chemistry” approach to science education, characterized by its aerospace and defense focus and a “Trinity and Multidimensional Integration” model that combines multiple disciplines. This paper provides a systematic exploration and implementation of this model, detailing the formation process, conceptual framework, construction of a molecular knowledge system, and the cultivation of cross-disciplinary practical skills through “Triple mentorship and Triple Practice”.
2024, 39(8): 136-141
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401071
Abstract:
Inorganic Chemistry, typically taught to freshmen, is a foundational yet theoretically intense course that often challenges students’ ability to synchronize theory with practical experiments. To address these issues and particularly to enhance the learning capabilities of top-performing students, reforms have been made thoroughly. Utilizing a blended learning model supported by an Information resource platform and artificial intelligence knowledge graph, we have managed to integrate learning processes effectively, enhancing individualized learning and self-study capabilities. Additionally, the introduction of virtual simulation experiment has bridged the gap between theoretical instruction and experimental application, enriching students’ deep learning experiences. Immersive learning environment, facilitated by collaborations with local geological museums and our school’s laboratory platforms, has been established to integrate theory with practical application effectively, boosting students’ practical and innovative skills. Through these innovations, the course has been enriched resource availability, increased recognition from peers, and significant enhancement in students’ practical and innovative capabilities.
Inorganic Chemistry, typically taught to freshmen, is a foundational yet theoretically intense course that often challenges students’ ability to synchronize theory with practical experiments. To address these issues and particularly to enhance the learning capabilities of top-performing students, reforms have been made thoroughly. Utilizing a blended learning model supported by an Information resource platform and artificial intelligence knowledge graph, we have managed to integrate learning processes effectively, enhancing individualized learning and self-study capabilities. Additionally, the introduction of virtual simulation experiment has bridged the gap between theoretical instruction and experimental application, enriching students’ deep learning experiences. Immersive learning environment, facilitated by collaborations with local geological museums and our school’s laboratory platforms, has been established to integrate theory with practical application effectively, boosting students’ practical and innovative skills. Through these innovations, the course has been enriched resource availability, increased recognition from peers, and significant enhancement in students’ practical and innovative capabilities.
2024, 39(8): 142-148
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311102
Abstract:
Gas adsorption on solid surfaces can be categorized into two types: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. By applying knowledge of surface chemistry, this study aims to simulate and analyze experimental results in the resistive gas sensing process. The objective is to investigate the adsorption behavior and utilize it as research material for undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship projects and undergraduate thesis designs. This research will enhance students’ understanding of gas-solid adsorption principles, improve their ability to apply theory to practice, and cultivate their scientific research skills.
Gas adsorption on solid surfaces can be categorized into two types: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. By applying knowledge of surface chemistry, this study aims to simulate and analyze experimental results in the resistive gas sensing process. The objective is to investigate the adsorption behavior and utilize it as research material for undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship projects and undergraduate thesis designs. This research will enhance students’ understanding of gas-solid adsorption principles, improve their ability to apply theory to practice, and cultivate their scientific research skills.
2024, 39(8): 149-162
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311054
Abstract:
Aromatic alkali metal reagents are prepared through the spontaneous reaction between alkali metals and aromatic compounds in aprotic solvents. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from the alkali metal to the aromatic compound, resulting in the formation of radical anions. The properties of aromatic alkali metal reagents vary depending on the choice of aromatic compounds, alkali metals, and aprotic solvents. These reagents have found extensive applications in fields such as anionic polymerization, chemical prelithiation of electrode materials and ion-intercalation-assisted exfoliation of two-dimensional materials. Despite their promising applications, the introduction of aromatic alkali metal compounds in most basic chemistry textbooks is limited. This article aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, and recent advances in the application of aromatic alkali metal reagents. By expanding the coverage of these reagents in teaching, it will contribute to broadening students’ understanding of cutting-edge scientific research, enhancing their scientific literacy, and promoting the reform of undergraduate chemistry education.
Aromatic alkali metal reagents are prepared through the spontaneous reaction between alkali metals and aromatic compounds in aprotic solvents. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from the alkali metal to the aromatic compound, resulting in the formation of radical anions. The properties of aromatic alkali metal reagents vary depending on the choice of aromatic compounds, alkali metals, and aprotic solvents. These reagents have found extensive applications in fields such as anionic polymerization, chemical prelithiation of electrode materials and ion-intercalation-assisted exfoliation of two-dimensional materials. Despite their promising applications, the introduction of aromatic alkali metal compounds in most basic chemistry textbooks is limited. This article aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, and recent advances in the application of aromatic alkali metal reagents. By expanding the coverage of these reagents in teaching, it will contribute to broadening students’ understanding of cutting-edge scientific research, enhancing their scientific literacy, and promoting the reform of undergraduate chemistry education.
2024, 39(8): 163-168
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401020
Abstract:
This paper presents a review of the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in inorganic synthesis. The main functions of ILs used in inorganic synthesis are discussed briefly, such as the template agents, solvents, and precursors. Moreover, the interaction type between ILs and the surface of targets, and the adsorption selectivity of ILs guided by “geometric matching principle” are both briefly described.
This paper presents a review of the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in inorganic synthesis. The main functions of ILs used in inorganic synthesis are discussed briefly, such as the template agents, solvents, and precursors. Moreover, the interaction type between ILs and the surface of targets, and the adsorption selectivity of ILs guided by “geometric matching principle” are both briefly described.
2024, 39(8): 169-173
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401060
Abstract:
Cyclopropenones, possessing Hückel aromaticity, are three-membered cyclic compounds that serve as ideal substrates for C―C bond activation. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the organic chemical reactions involving cyclopropenones through the β-carbon elimination pathway, thus offering valuable references for the study of transition metal-catalyzed C―C bond activation reactions and the transformation applications of cyclopropenones.
Cyclopropenones, possessing Hückel aromaticity, are three-membered cyclic compounds that serve as ideal substrates for C―C bond activation. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the organic chemical reactions involving cyclopropenones through the β-carbon elimination pathway, thus offering valuable references for the study of transition metal-catalyzed C―C bond activation reactions and the transformation applications of cyclopropenones.
2024, 39(8): 174-183
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311051
Abstract:
Nickel, prevalently utilized in sectors such as new energy vehicle batteries and electroplating, has brought the environmental challenges, especially in the context of the national dual carbon strategy. The treatment of nickel (Ni2+)-enriched wastewater generated by these industries is pivotal for environmental conservation. Traditional Ni2+-enriched wastewater treatments, including, ion exchange resins, chemical precipitation, and fluidized bed crystallization granulation technology, often suffer from poor selectivity and the risk of secondary pollution. This study introduces an innovative approach employing a cobalt-based imidazole framework material, ZIF-67, which interacts with Ni2+ to form the nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH), effectively enhancing Ni2+ removal. The experiment spans material preparation, characterization, and adsorption performance assessment, supplemented by model analysis and mechanistic investigation. This multifaced approach aims not only to elucidate the adsorption mechanism but also to cultivate students’ research interest, innovative thinking, and practical skills. Tailored for an 8-hour undergraduate comprehensive chemistry laboratory session, this experiment enables students to grasp fundamental principles and analytical methods for Ni2+ removal from wastewater. It also solidifies their foundational knowledge, demonstrating the practical application of theoretical concepts in industrial settings. This experiment is designed to bolster students' comprehensive abilities, enhance their scientific literacy, and foster their innovative spirits.
Nickel, prevalently utilized in sectors such as new energy vehicle batteries and electroplating, has brought the environmental challenges, especially in the context of the national dual carbon strategy. The treatment of nickel (Ni2+)-enriched wastewater generated by these industries is pivotal for environmental conservation. Traditional Ni2+-enriched wastewater treatments, including, ion exchange resins, chemical precipitation, and fluidized bed crystallization granulation technology, often suffer from poor selectivity and the risk of secondary pollution. This study introduces an innovative approach employing a cobalt-based imidazole framework material, ZIF-67, which interacts with Ni2+ to form the nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH), effectively enhancing Ni2+ removal. The experiment spans material preparation, characterization, and adsorption performance assessment, supplemented by model analysis and mechanistic investigation. This multifaced approach aims not only to elucidate the adsorption mechanism but also to cultivate students’ research interest, innovative thinking, and practical skills. Tailored for an 8-hour undergraduate comprehensive chemistry laboratory session, this experiment enables students to grasp fundamental principles and analytical methods for Ni2+ removal from wastewater. It also solidifies their foundational knowledge, demonstrating the practical application of theoretical concepts in industrial settings. This experiment is designed to bolster students' comprehensive abilities, enhance their scientific literacy, and foster their innovative spirits.
2024, 39(8): 184-190
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312013
Abstract:
This study introduces a comprehensive experiment for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent using Enteromorpha prolifera, focusing on its structural characterization and efficacy in purifying heavy metal-contaminated wastewater. Integrating fundamental theoretical knowledge and experimental skills from courses in physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and instrumental analysis, this experiment bridges these foundations with cutting-edge research in chemistry, materials science, environmental science and engineering. It enables students to deeply comprehend and apply the critical scientific principle that “structure determines properties, and properties dictate function”, facilitating a transition from solidifying theoretical and practical foundations to enhancing innovative thinking. Moreover, this experiment embodies the principle of “treating waste with waste”, subtly instilling the concept of ecological cultivation in students’ minds.
This study introduces a comprehensive experiment for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent using Enteromorpha prolifera, focusing on its structural characterization and efficacy in purifying heavy metal-contaminated wastewater. Integrating fundamental theoretical knowledge and experimental skills from courses in physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and instrumental analysis, this experiment bridges these foundations with cutting-edge research in chemistry, materials science, environmental science and engineering. It enables students to deeply comprehend and apply the critical scientific principle that “structure determines properties, and properties dictate function”, facilitating a transition from solidifying theoretical and practical foundations to enhancing innovative thinking. Moreover, this experiment embodies the principle of “treating waste with waste”, subtly instilling the concept of ecological cultivation in students’ minds.
2024, 39(8): 191-196
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312055
Abstract:
Combining the fundamental aspects of teaching activities in chemistry and emphasizing safety, environmental friendliness, and visualization, this paper explores potential technical features and applications of virtual reality technology in experimental teaching and scientific research. In contrast to simulations, virtual reality technology, with its interactive and immersive experiences, can vividly depict the procedural aspects of chemical experimental education and training.
Combining the fundamental aspects of teaching activities in chemistry and emphasizing safety, environmental friendliness, and visualization, this paper explores potential technical features and applications of virtual reality technology in experimental teaching and scientific research. In contrast to simulations, virtual reality technology, with its interactive and immersive experiences, can vividly depict the procedural aspects of chemical experimental education and training.
2024, 39(8): 197-203
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312004
Abstract:
This study addresses issues such as low efficiency in maintaining a constant temperature, uneven temperature distribution, uneven mixture, uneven reaction, and large deviations in experimental data observed in the ethyl acetate saponification reaction and iodine clock reaction. To address these problems, improvements are made in two aspects: the reaction vessel and the mixing method of reactants. The use of a jacketed beaker paired with a reaction flask as the reaction vessel and a multi-site magnetic stirrer for rapid mixing of the reactants is proposed. This improvement ensures a uniform and stable temperature in the solution, enhances the uniform dispersion and rapid reaction of the reactants, and enables accurate measurements of solution conductivity and the time for color change. The obtained data provides accurate values for reaction order, rate constant, and activation energy.
This study addresses issues such as low efficiency in maintaining a constant temperature, uneven temperature distribution, uneven mixture, uneven reaction, and large deviations in experimental data observed in the ethyl acetate saponification reaction and iodine clock reaction. To address these problems, improvements are made in two aspects: the reaction vessel and the mixing method of reactants. The use of a jacketed beaker paired with a reaction flask as the reaction vessel and a multi-site magnetic stirrer for rapid mixing of the reactants is proposed. This improvement ensures a uniform and stable temperature in the solution, enhances the uniform dispersion and rapid reaction of the reactants, and enables accurate measurements of solution conductivity and the time for color change. The obtained data provides accurate values for reaction order, rate constant, and activation energy.
2024, 39(8): 204-211
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312046
Abstract:
This study outlines the design of a comprehensive chemical experiment to synthesize Ni-based nanocatalysts with varying grain sizes for biofuel production. Ni/CeO2、Ni/CeO2-SiO2and Ni/SiO2 nanomaterials were prepared via a conventional impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The integrated scientific training process—from catalyst synthesis and structural characterization to performance evaluation—not only cultivate students’ comprehensive experimental skills, but also enhance their research literacy. This experiment aims to illuminate the intrinsic relationship between material structure and function, fostering a curiosity for investigating the unknown in the scientific realm. Moreover, the experiment incorporates a curricular focus on the “energy crisis”, heightening students’ awareness of current energy and environmental challenges, and inspiring a personal commitment to environmental stewardship.
This study outlines the design of a comprehensive chemical experiment to synthesize Ni-based nanocatalysts with varying grain sizes for biofuel production. Ni/CeO2、Ni/CeO2-SiO2and Ni/SiO2 nanomaterials were prepared via a conventional impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The integrated scientific training process—from catalyst synthesis and structural characterization to performance evaluation—not only cultivate students’ comprehensive experimental skills, but also enhance their research literacy. This experiment aims to illuminate the intrinsic relationship between material structure and function, fostering a curiosity for investigating the unknown in the scientific realm. Moreover, the experiment incorporates a curricular focus on the “energy crisis”, heightening students’ awareness of current energy and environmental challenges, and inspiring a personal commitment to environmental stewardship.
2024, 39(8): 212-220
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312035
Abstract:
This paper introduces a comprehensive applied chemistry experiment on the synthesis and application of an active ester cross-linking agent. The experiment involves the preparation of decanedioic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-DA), identification of its structure, and its application in improving collagen thermal stability. Initially, NHS-DA is synthesized from decanedioic acid, and N-hydroxysuccinimide using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbondiimide hydrochloride as a condensing agent, achieving a yield of approximately 85%. The product’s structure is confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating the successful synthesis of high-purity NHS-DA. Subsequently, NHS-DA is applied to cross-link collagen sponge, with differential scanning calorimetry demonstrating enhanced thermal stability, thus promoting its application potential. The experiment is characterized by mild conditions, rapid reaction rates, high yields, and the recyclability of waste acetone, incorporating the use of various advanced instruments. It effectively integrates theoretical knowledge with practical application, fostering students' innovative thinking and expanding their scientific perspectives.
This paper introduces a comprehensive applied chemistry experiment on the synthesis and application of an active ester cross-linking agent. The experiment involves the preparation of decanedioic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-DA), identification of its structure, and its application in improving collagen thermal stability. Initially, NHS-DA is synthesized from decanedioic acid, and N-hydroxysuccinimide using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbondiimide hydrochloride as a condensing agent, achieving a yield of approximately 85%. The product’s structure is confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating the successful synthesis of high-purity NHS-DA. Subsequently, NHS-DA is applied to cross-link collagen sponge, with differential scanning calorimetry demonstrating enhanced thermal stability, thus promoting its application potential. The experiment is characterized by mild conditions, rapid reaction rates, high yields, and the recyclability of waste acetone, incorporating the use of various advanced instruments. It effectively integrates theoretical knowledge with practical application, fostering students' innovative thinking and expanding their scientific perspectives.
2024, 39(8): 221-229
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312056
Abstract:
To foster student’s research acumen and innovative abilities, and to deepen their comprehension of inorganic cluster compounds and fluorescent properties, a comprehensive experiment focusing on the synthesis of a cuprous iodide coordination polymer and its application in fluorescent detection of nitrites is designed. This experiment employs a nano-precipitation technique for the preparation of cuprous iodide coordination polymer. Various analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometer, were utilized to characterize the material’s structure and properties. The investigation into the polymer’s fluorescence in detecting nitrites revealed high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.73 µmol∙L−1, positioning the material as a viable “on-off” fluorescence probe for nitrite detection. Through this experiment, students can not only gain the deeper understanding of the structure of cluster polymers and the frontiers of fluorescence detection, but also learn the fundamental knowledge and operational skills in analytical instruments like UV-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer. This groundwork is essential for their future engagement in scientific research and related professional activities.
To foster student’s research acumen and innovative abilities, and to deepen their comprehension of inorganic cluster compounds and fluorescent properties, a comprehensive experiment focusing on the synthesis of a cuprous iodide coordination polymer and its application in fluorescent detection of nitrites is designed. This experiment employs a nano-precipitation technique for the preparation of cuprous iodide coordination polymer. Various analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometer, were utilized to characterize the material’s structure and properties. The investigation into the polymer’s fluorescence in detecting nitrites revealed high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.73 µmol∙L−1, positioning the material as a viable “on-off” fluorescence probe for nitrite detection. Through this experiment, students can not only gain the deeper understanding of the structure of cluster polymers and the frontiers of fluorescence detection, but also learn the fundamental knowledge and operational skills in analytical instruments like UV-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer. This groundwork is essential for their future engagement in scientific research and related professional activities.
2024, 39(8): 230-240
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312062
Abstract:
Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive analytical technique, provides information about the structure and composition of substances. It has been widely applied in the fields of chemistry, biology, and materials science for analysis and research. Through three years of pedagogical development, our instructional design for Raman scattering spectroscopy experiment has accumulated considerable practical experience. This experimental course is structured around three segments: qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis, initiating with the intriguing task of distinguishing between authentic and counterfeit jadeite—a familiar challenge that ignites students’ curiosity and eagerness to delve into Raman spectroscopy. Utilizing portable Raman spectrometer enables students to gain an understanding of the instrument's construction and functionality, while mastering the fundamental concepts of Raman spectroscopy and its surface-enhanced variant. This educational venture equips students with the proficiency to adeptly conduct Raman spectroscopic analyses on solid and liquid samples, as well as trace substances, thus establishing a solid foundation for their mastery of related spectroscopy analysis courses.
Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive analytical technique, provides information about the structure and composition of substances. It has been widely applied in the fields of chemistry, biology, and materials science for analysis and research. Through three years of pedagogical development, our instructional design for Raman scattering spectroscopy experiment has accumulated considerable practical experience. This experimental course is structured around three segments: qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis, initiating with the intriguing task of distinguishing between authentic and counterfeit jadeite—a familiar challenge that ignites students’ curiosity and eagerness to delve into Raman spectroscopy. Utilizing portable Raman spectrometer enables students to gain an understanding of the instrument's construction and functionality, while mastering the fundamental concepts of Raman spectroscopy and its surface-enhanced variant. This educational venture equips students with the proficiency to adeptly conduct Raman spectroscopic analyses on solid and liquid samples, as well as trace substances, thus establishing a solid foundation for their mastery of related spectroscopy analysis courses.
2024, 39(8): 241-246
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401029
Abstract:
Triazolopyrimidine compounds containing carboxyl and thioether groups were synthesized using 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, benzyl bromide, and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (EMME) as starting materials. The synthesis involved nucleophilic substitution, cyclization, and hydrolysis reactions. The resulting products were characterized and analyzed for their structures. The experiment included techniques such as heating reflux, TLC (thin-layer chromatography) detection, filtration, and recrystallization, which aimed to enhance students’ skills in multi-step organic compound synthesis and spectral analysis. Triazolopyrimidine compounds are widely found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of these compounds not only provides insight into societal demands but also integrates cutting-edge research and theoretical knowledge taught in the classroom, thereby improving the quality of experimental teaching and achieving excellent educational outcomes.
Triazolopyrimidine compounds containing carboxyl and thioether groups were synthesized using 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, benzyl bromide, and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (EMME) as starting materials. The synthesis involved nucleophilic substitution, cyclization, and hydrolysis reactions. The resulting products were characterized and analyzed for their structures. The experiment included techniques such as heating reflux, TLC (thin-layer chromatography) detection, filtration, and recrystallization, which aimed to enhance students’ skills in multi-step organic compound synthesis and spectral analysis. Triazolopyrimidine compounds are widely found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of these compounds not only provides insight into societal demands but also integrates cutting-edge research and theoretical knowledge taught in the classroom, thereby improving the quality of experimental teaching and achieving excellent educational outcomes.
2024, 39(8): 247-254
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312064
Abstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive experiment within the interdisciplinary field of chemical biology, closely aligned with the cutting-edge of the discipline, deeply integrating science and education. Utilizing both chemical and biological methods within an in vitro biochemical reaction system, this study investigates effects of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the redox cycle of myeloperoxidase (MPO) within biological organisms. The mechanism of quercetin affecting the chlorination activity of MPO is clarified through molecular docking techiniques and a series of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The implementation of this experiment aids in broadening students’ perspectives, igniting their interest in scientific research, and enhancing their comprehensive experimental abilities. It offers valuable insights and examples for the development of multidisciplinary innovative talents in chemistry-related majors.
This paper presents a comprehensive experiment within the interdisciplinary field of chemical biology, closely aligned with the cutting-edge of the discipline, deeply integrating science and education. Utilizing both chemical and biological methods within an in vitro biochemical reaction system, this study investigates effects of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the redox cycle of myeloperoxidase (MPO) within biological organisms. The mechanism of quercetin affecting the chlorination activity of MPO is clarified through molecular docking techiniques and a series of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The implementation of this experiment aids in broadening students’ perspectives, igniting their interest in scientific research, and enhancing their comprehensive experimental abilities. It offers valuable insights and examples for the development of multidisciplinary innovative talents in chemistry-related majors.
2024, 39(8): 255-262
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312094
Abstract:
This experiment introduces a novel colorimetric analysis leveraging nanozymes developed by Chinese scientists in conjunction with widely accessible smartphones. It is designed to intertwine cutting-edge scientific advancements with ideological education within the chemistry curriculum, enabling students to acquire knowledge and skills while gaining insights into leading scientific fields. This approach not only bolsters cultural confidence and fosters a spirit of rigorous scientific inquiry and innovation but also enriches to overall educational impact of laboratory teaching. Without the need for expensive, sophisticated equipment, the experiment offers robust operability and flexibility, making it an ideal component of advanced analytical chemistry or comprehensive chemistry courses.
This experiment introduces a novel colorimetric analysis leveraging nanozymes developed by Chinese scientists in conjunction with widely accessible smartphones. It is designed to intertwine cutting-edge scientific advancements with ideological education within the chemistry curriculum, enabling students to acquire knowledge and skills while gaining insights into leading scientific fields. This approach not only bolsters cultural confidence and fosters a spirit of rigorous scientific inquiry and innovation but also enriches to overall educational impact of laboratory teaching. Without the need for expensive, sophisticated equipment, the experiment offers robust operability and flexibility, making it an ideal component of advanced analytical chemistry or comprehensive chemistry courses.
2024, 39(8): 263-269
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312078
Abstract:
Chromatographic analysis represents a prevalent technique within modern instrumental analysis. Chromatography, encompassing both gas and liquid chromatographic methods, is a fundamental component of instrumental analysis experiment course in higher education institutions. Despite their shared separation principles, gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) exhibit distinct characteristics and applications. Leveraging the comparative teaching method, this study involves the execution of chromatographic separation of benzene, toluene and m-xylene using both GC and LC instruments within the framework of an instrumental analysis experimental course. This comparative approach facilitates a deeper understanding and appreciation of chromatographic techniques among students by elucidating the theoretical underpinnings, experimental conditions, operational methodologies, and outcomes associated with each method. Furthermore, this pedagogical strategy serves as a preparatory step for students’ future research endeavors.
Chromatographic analysis represents a prevalent technique within modern instrumental analysis. Chromatography, encompassing both gas and liquid chromatographic methods, is a fundamental component of instrumental analysis experiment course in higher education institutions. Despite their shared separation principles, gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) exhibit distinct characteristics and applications. Leveraging the comparative teaching method, this study involves the execution of chromatographic separation of benzene, toluene and m-xylene using both GC and LC instruments within the framework of an instrumental analysis experimental course. This comparative approach facilitates a deeper understanding and appreciation of chromatographic techniques among students by elucidating the theoretical underpinnings, experimental conditions, operational methodologies, and outcomes associated with each method. Furthermore, this pedagogical strategy serves as a preparatory step for students’ future research endeavors.
2024, 39(8): 270-275
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312040
Abstract:
This article presents a comprehensive innovative chemical experiment at the university level. It focuses on the extraction of tea polyphenols from Pu'er tea and their application in hand cream making. The experiment covers the processes of extraction, identification, antioxidation property evaluation, and hand cream formulation. By involving the extraction, identification, and performance evaluation of natural products, as well as their practical application, this experiment caters to the needs of undergraduate students majoring in chemistry. It aims to enhance their practical skills, foster innovation, and ignite their passion for exploration.
This article presents a comprehensive innovative chemical experiment at the university level. It focuses on the extraction of tea polyphenols from Pu'er tea and their application in hand cream making. The experiment covers the processes of extraction, identification, antioxidation property evaluation, and hand cream formulation. By involving the extraction, identification, and performance evaluation of natural products, as well as their practical application, this experiment caters to the needs of undergraduate students majoring in chemistry. It aims to enhance their practical skills, foster innovation, and ignite their passion for exploration.
2024, 39(8): 276-281
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401005
Abstract:
The concept of “New Medical Science” represents a paradigm shift in medicine, extending its focus from a primarily treatment-oriented practices to a comprehensive lifecycle that includes prevention, treatment, and wellness. Guided by the principle of “New Medical Science”, this paper conducts interdisciplinary innovation in the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment, a core component of the Basic Medical Chemistry Experiment curriculum. The innovation include: (1) Replacing concentrated ammonia with sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na4Y), a chelating agent commonly used in clinical settings, to alter the concentration of Cu2+/Zn2+ in the experiment measuring battery electromotive force; (2) Substituting the Br2/Br− redox couple with the C6H6O6 (oxidized form)/C6H8O6 (reduced form) redox couple of vitamin C (Vc) to study the redox properties of different redox couples;(3) Introducing an experiment that involves the reduction of Fe3+ by glutathione, fostering interdisciplinary thinking on the medically relevant process of cellular iron death. These modifications not only make the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment more eco-friendly but also bridge medical education and chemistry, underlining the importance of “New Medical Science” concept in foundational chemistry education.
The concept of “New Medical Science” represents a paradigm shift in medicine, extending its focus from a primarily treatment-oriented practices to a comprehensive lifecycle that includes prevention, treatment, and wellness. Guided by the principle of “New Medical Science”, this paper conducts interdisciplinary innovation in the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment, a core component of the Basic Medical Chemistry Experiment curriculum. The innovation include: (1) Replacing concentrated ammonia with sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na4Y), a chelating agent commonly used in clinical settings, to alter the concentration of Cu2+/Zn2+ in the experiment measuring battery electromotive force; (2) Substituting the Br2/Br− redox couple with the C6H6O6 (oxidized form)/C6H8O6 (reduced form) redox couple of vitamin C (Vc) to study the redox properties of different redox couples;(3) Introducing an experiment that involves the reduction of Fe3+ by glutathione, fostering interdisciplinary thinking on the medically relevant process of cellular iron death. These modifications not only make the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment more eco-friendly but also bridge medical education and chemistry, underlining the importance of “New Medical Science” concept in foundational chemistry education.
2024, 39(8): 282-289
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401023
Abstract:
To align with the national polices of energy saving and pollution reduction, a comprehensive design experiment was devised. Students are guided through the synthesis of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles and its subsequent application in the remediation of dye wastewater, examining the influence of various experimental conditions on the degradation efficiency. This experiment not only covers fundamental laboratory skills and the use of common instruments, but also introduces students to advanced concepts like nanomaterials preparation, oxidation degradation, and aquatic remediation. By adopting a research-oriented teaching approach, this experiment fosters independent thinking among students, effectively developing the scientific research and innovation abilities of undergraduates in lower grades and enhancing their sense of social responsibility.
To align with the national polices of energy saving and pollution reduction, a comprehensive design experiment was devised. Students are guided through the synthesis of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles and its subsequent application in the remediation of dye wastewater, examining the influence of various experimental conditions on the degradation efficiency. This experiment not only covers fundamental laboratory skills and the use of common instruments, but also introduces students to advanced concepts like nanomaterials preparation, oxidation degradation, and aquatic remediation. By adopting a research-oriented teaching approach, this experiment fosters independent thinking among students, effectively developing the scientific research and innovation abilities of undergraduates in lower grades and enhancing their sense of social responsibility.
2024, 39(8): 290-294
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401037
Abstract:
An experiment designed to predict the lifetime of the Xuan paper using the viscosity method is introduced in the form of group collaboration. This experiment is targeted at junior students who majored in conservation of cultural relics, with eight groups involved. Using a jacketed viscometer, the intrinsic viscosity of the two types of undegraded and degraded Xuan papers was determined, and the corresponding degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated. Then data were collected from all groups, and degradation rates of the papers were then calculated, which were then used to predict the life expectancy of the Xuan papers. The aim was to enhance students’ teamwork skills, practical experience, problem-solving abilities, data analysis, and scientific research capabilities, while also guiding them to apply their chemical knowledge to practical conservation for paper-based objects.
An experiment designed to predict the lifetime of the Xuan paper using the viscosity method is introduced in the form of group collaboration. This experiment is targeted at junior students who majored in conservation of cultural relics, with eight groups involved. Using a jacketed viscometer, the intrinsic viscosity of the two types of undegraded and degraded Xuan papers was determined, and the corresponding degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated. Then data were collected from all groups, and degradation rates of the papers were then calculated, which were then used to predict the life expectancy of the Xuan papers. The aim was to enhance students’ teamwork skills, practical experience, problem-solving abilities, data analysis, and scientific research capabilities, while also guiding them to apply their chemical knowledge to practical conservation for paper-based objects.
2024, 39(8): 295-305
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401016
Abstract:
This paper outlines a comprehensive, inquiry-based instrumental analysis experiment to integrate molecular imprinting technology into undergraduate education. The experiment commences with the fabrication of a streptomycin molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor (STR-MIM/GCE) via the electropolymerization method. Subsequent characterization of the sensor employs cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Utilizing potassium ferricyanide as a probe, a differential pulse voltammetry technique is developed for the electrochemical quantification of streptomycin, with milk serving as a real-world sample for testing. This experiment involves the modification and characterization of electrode surface, alongside the development and application of electrochemical analysis methods. The experiment uses readily available and cost-effective reagents, avoids the need for sophisticated instrumentation, and is designed with a duration suitable for undergraduate coursework.
This paper outlines a comprehensive, inquiry-based instrumental analysis experiment to integrate molecular imprinting technology into undergraduate education. The experiment commences with the fabrication of a streptomycin molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor (STR-MIM/GCE) via the electropolymerization method. Subsequent characterization of the sensor employs cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Utilizing potassium ferricyanide as a probe, a differential pulse voltammetry technique is developed for the electrochemical quantification of streptomycin, with milk serving as a real-world sample for testing. This experiment involves the modification and characterization of electrode surface, alongside the development and application of electrochemical analysis methods. The experiment uses readily available and cost-effective reagents, avoids the need for sophisticated instrumentation, and is designed with a duration suitable for undergraduate coursework.
2024, 39(8): 306-313
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401081
Abstract:
A comprehensive chemical experiment was designed based on scientific research achievements to investigate the controllable preparation of LDHs (highly dispersed layer double hydroxides)-based catalysts and the catalytic reduction of nitro compounds. The experiment involves the synthesis of inorganic functional materials and catalytic materials, characterization of crystal structure, morphology, and chemical bonds of the catalytic materials, evaluation of catalytic reaction performance, and kinetic studies. By conducting this experiment, students are enabled to grasp scientific research methods, enhance their ability to think independently and explore innovative ideas, and develop skills in practical problem-solving using their knowledge of chemistry. This experiment plays a significant role in fostering the cultivation of high-quality and innovative composite talents in the new era.
A comprehensive chemical experiment was designed based on scientific research achievements to investigate the controllable preparation of LDHs (highly dispersed layer double hydroxides)-based catalysts and the catalytic reduction of nitro compounds. The experiment involves the synthesis of inorganic functional materials and catalytic materials, characterization of crystal structure, morphology, and chemical bonds of the catalytic materials, evaluation of catalytic reaction performance, and kinetic studies. By conducting this experiment, students are enabled to grasp scientific research methods, enhance their ability to think independently and explore innovative ideas, and develop skills in practical problem-solving using their knowledge of chemistry. This experiment plays a significant role in fostering the cultivation of high-quality and innovative composite talents in the new era.
2024, 39(8): 314-323
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401008
Abstract:
A comprehensive physical chemistry experiment has been designed about the preparation and adsorption performance of metal-organic gel based on cutting-edge scientific research. FeBTC metal-organic gel was prepared by simple mixing of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and ferric nitrate, and FeBTC was dried using different drying techniques. The structure of FeBTC was investigated. The specific surface area of FeBTC was determined through N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. The adsorption kinetics of FeBTC towards Cr2O72− was studied for wastewater treatment.
A comprehensive physical chemistry experiment has been designed about the preparation and adsorption performance of metal-organic gel based on cutting-edge scientific research. FeBTC metal-organic gel was prepared by simple mixing of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and ferric nitrate, and FeBTC was dried using different drying techniques. The structure of FeBTC was investigated. The specific surface area of FeBTC was determined through N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. The adsorption kinetics of FeBTC towards Cr2O72− was studied for wastewater treatment.
2024, 39(8): 324-330
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401063
Abstract:
This article presents a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment in which salicylaldehyde, phenylboronic acid, and aromatic amines are employed as the substrates. The selective synthesis of diarylmethyl aniline and triarylmethane could be achieved through the control of substituents. The structure of the product is characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. This experiment combines theoretical knowledge to inspire students to think about mechanisms, helps them broaden their knowledge horizons, and establishes the concept of "green chemistry" and environmental awareness.
This article presents a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment in which salicylaldehyde, phenylboronic acid, and aromatic amines are employed as the substrates. The selective synthesis of diarylmethyl aniline and triarylmethane could be achieved through the control of substituents. The structure of the product is characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. This experiment combines theoretical knowledge to inspire students to think about mechanisms, helps them broaden their knowledge horizons, and establishes the concept of "green chemistry" and environmental awareness.
2024, 39(8): 331-337
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403012
Abstract:
A two-step synthetic experiment to produce paracetamol from 4-hydroxyacetophenone was designed for undergraduate organic chemistry courses. The experiment begins with the condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone with hydroxylamine to form 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime. This oxime then undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement catalyzed by cyanuric chloride to yield paracetamol. The experiment incorporates several essential organic laboratory techniques, such as reflux, extraction, drying, filtration, rotary evaporation, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatography, providing students with comprehensive training in organic synthesis. By synthesizing a compound of significant medical and economic value, the experiment demonstrates practical applications of organic synthesis, thereby enhancing student interest in organic chemistry. Additionally, the use of a small molecule organic catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement deepens students’ understanding of the principles of organic catalysis and the mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement.
A two-step synthetic experiment to produce paracetamol from 4-hydroxyacetophenone was designed for undergraduate organic chemistry courses. The experiment begins with the condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone with hydroxylamine to form 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime. This oxime then undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement catalyzed by cyanuric chloride to yield paracetamol. The experiment incorporates several essential organic laboratory techniques, such as reflux, extraction, drying, filtration, rotary evaporation, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatography, providing students with comprehensive training in organic synthesis. By synthesizing a compound of significant medical and economic value, the experiment demonstrates practical applications of organic synthesis, thereby enhancing student interest in organic chemistry. Additionally, the use of a small molecule organic catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement deepens students’ understanding of the principles of organic catalysis and the mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement.
2024, 39(8): 338-343
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312084
Abstract:
In response to the challenges of numerous knowledge points and fragmented concepts in the structural chemistry course, as well as the difficulty for students to establish a disciplinary framework and a comprehensive knowledge system, this paper proposed a logical framework and knowledge graph, based on the thematic thread of “Schrödinger equation approximation models – core concepts – simple applications”. This framework includes six branches: particle in box model, single electron hydrogen-like atoms, multi-electron atoms, H2+ molecular, H2 molecules, and multi-atom molecules. By reconstructing fragmented knowledge and forming a complete knowledge chain, this approach aims to help students understand the logical relationships, generation context and interconnections of important concepts, and provides them with a context for knowledge transfer, ultimately facilitating their understanding and application of knowledge.
In response to the challenges of numerous knowledge points and fragmented concepts in the structural chemistry course, as well as the difficulty for students to establish a disciplinary framework and a comprehensive knowledge system, this paper proposed a logical framework and knowledge graph, based on the thematic thread of “Schrödinger equation approximation models – core concepts – simple applications”. This framework includes six branches: particle in box model, single electron hydrogen-like atoms, multi-electron atoms, H2+ molecular, H2 molecules, and multi-atom molecules. By reconstructing fragmented knowledge and forming a complete knowledge chain, this approach aims to help students understand the logical relationships, generation context and interconnections of important concepts, and provides them with a context for knowledge transfer, ultimately facilitating their understanding and application of knowledge.
2024, 39(8): 344-350
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401072
Abstract:
The comprehensive promotion of ideological and political construction in universities requires the integration of ideological and political education throughout the entire process of talent cultivation. By selecting materials from the development history of nanopore single-molecule analysis technology, this study constructs teaching cases that embody the ideological and political elements of practicality, exploration, and innovation. Through the integration of nanopore electrochemistry knowledge and ideological and political education, students are trained in critical thinking, scientific literacy, and a sense of responsibility through scenario-based teaching. This ensures the realization of the goal of cultivating high-level talents with both professional expertise and ideological integrity through the synergy of professional education and ideological education.
The comprehensive promotion of ideological and political construction in universities requires the integration of ideological and political education throughout the entire process of talent cultivation. By selecting materials from the development history of nanopore single-molecule analysis technology, this study constructs teaching cases that embody the ideological and political elements of practicality, exploration, and innovation. Through the integration of nanopore electrochemistry knowledge and ideological and political education, students are trained in critical thinking, scientific literacy, and a sense of responsibility through scenario-based teaching. This ensures the realization of the goal of cultivating high-level talents with both professional expertise and ideological integrity through the synergy of professional education and ideological education.
2024, 39(8): 351-358
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401031
Abstract:
In electrochemistry, φ can be calculated via φ⊖ and Nernst equation. Current physical chemistry textbooks only provide substances’ φ⊖ under acidic conditions and corresponding practices. Hence, the calculation of φ works well under acidic conditions. However, it becomes complicated under alkaline conditions for some substances cannot exist in acidic conditions. These might lead to incorrect results and confused conclusions. To address this issue, the present study calculates φ⊖ (φB⊖) from ∆rGm⊖ based on ∆fGm⊖ of involved substances in redox half reaction. Then, φ at different pH is calculated via Nernst equation, resulting in a φ−pH diagram. Moreover, thermodynamic isotope effects on φ⊖ and φ are included. This may serve as a reference for teaching and research purposes.
In electrochemistry, φ can be calculated via φ⊖ and Nernst equation. Current physical chemistry textbooks only provide substances’ φ⊖ under acidic conditions and corresponding practices. Hence, the calculation of φ works well under acidic conditions. However, it becomes complicated under alkaline conditions for some substances cannot exist in acidic conditions. These might lead to incorrect results and confused conclusions. To address this issue, the present study calculates φ⊖ (φB⊖) from ∆rGm⊖ based on ∆fGm⊖ of involved substances in redox half reaction. Then, φ at different pH is calculated via Nernst equation, resulting in a φ−pH diagram. Moreover, thermodynamic isotope effects on φ⊖ and φ are included. This may serve as a reference for teaching and research purposes.
2024, 39(8): 359-364
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312100
Abstract:
Based on "fentanyl" event, the heterocyclic chemistry curriculum system was improved by using opioid heterocyclic compounds as ideological and political cases, which integrate knowledge transfer, value shaping, and science popularization. The author attempts to use natural analgesic isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs as examples, their physico-chemical properties, synthesis, and application of these isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs are implemented throughout the whole teaching process. The reform of heterocyclic chemistry classroom teaching via case-based teaching methods could effectively aroused students’ enthusiasm as well as initiative for learning, and thus significantly improved the teaching effects.
Based on "fentanyl" event, the heterocyclic chemistry curriculum system was improved by using opioid heterocyclic compounds as ideological and political cases, which integrate knowledge transfer, value shaping, and science popularization. The author attempts to use natural analgesic isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs as examples, their physico-chemical properties, synthesis, and application of these isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs are implemented throughout the whole teaching process. The reform of heterocyclic chemistry classroom teaching via case-based teaching methods could effectively aroused students’ enthusiasm as well as initiative for learning, and thus significantly improved the teaching effects.
2024, 39(8): 365-374
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403014
Abstract:
Facing the challenges of traditional instrumental analytical methods in dealing with more complex chemical samples, more trace chemical analysis and more precise chemical measurements, this paper proposes a strategy for gradually integrating artificial intelligence into the applied research and teaching practice of scientific instrument analysis. By adopting a new paradigm of scientific research, the research and development and application of analytical instruments are discussed. From the perspective of integrating science and education, this approach aims to enhance experimental teaching effectiveness through artificial intelligence methods, and to integrate the virtual simulation experiment, intelligent experimental data analysis, and diversified intelligent evaluation. Leveraging the new technology of artificial intelligence, we align with contemporary trends to cultivate high-quality talents possessing comprehensive scientific knowledge, innovative abilities, and social responsibility, thereby fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtues and cultivating talents in higher education.
Facing the challenges of traditional instrumental analytical methods in dealing with more complex chemical samples, more trace chemical analysis and more precise chemical measurements, this paper proposes a strategy for gradually integrating artificial intelligence into the applied research and teaching practice of scientific instrument analysis. By adopting a new paradigm of scientific research, the research and development and application of analytical instruments are discussed. From the perspective of integrating science and education, this approach aims to enhance experimental teaching effectiveness through artificial intelligence methods, and to integrate the virtual simulation experiment, intelligent experimental data analysis, and diversified intelligent evaluation. Leveraging the new technology of artificial intelligence, we align with contemporary trends to cultivate high-quality talents possessing comprehensive scientific knowledge, innovative abilities, and social responsibility, thereby fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtues and cultivating talents in higher education.
2024, 39(8): 375-382
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401030
Abstract:
With the rapid development of computer technology, the role of software tools in chemical education and research is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper takes Mathematica software as an example to explore its application in the visualization of physical chemistry formulas. By using several typical examples, such as the visualization of the van der Waals equation of state, atomic orbitals and electron cloud shapes, and chemical reaction rate equations, this paper provides new perspectives and methods for teaching and research in physical chemistry. Through interactive learning mode, students can not only observe and understand the physical significance behind theories through intuitive graphics but also stimulate their interest, enhancing their initiative and creativity in learning.
With the rapid development of computer technology, the role of software tools in chemical education and research is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper takes Mathematica software as an example to explore its application in the visualization of physical chemistry formulas. By using several typical examples, such as the visualization of the van der Waals equation of state, atomic orbitals and electron cloud shapes, and chemical reaction rate equations, this paper provides new perspectives and methods for teaching and research in physical chemistry. Through interactive learning mode, students can not only observe and understand the physical significance behind theories through intuitive graphics but also stimulate their interest, enhancing their initiative and creativity in learning.
2024, 39(8): 383-388
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401073
Abstract:
This article presents a streamlined approach to drawing Lewis structures that begins by constructing a trial structure that adheres to the valence states of the outer atoms, with any molecular charge (if present) placed on the central atom. The subsequent step adjusts bond and lone pairs to fulfill an octet configuration for the central atom if its electron count deviates from 8. This method facilitates the automatic generation of formal charges, eliminating the need for additional calculations typically required in other approaches that start with determining the total number of valence electrons. By focusing on valence configurations to construct Lewis structures, this method reduces the potential for errors associated with miscalculations.
This article presents a streamlined approach to drawing Lewis structures that begins by constructing a trial structure that adheres to the valence states of the outer atoms, with any molecular charge (if present) placed on the central atom. The subsequent step adjusts bond and lone pairs to fulfill an octet configuration for the central atom if its electron count deviates from 8. This method facilitates the automatic generation of formal charges, eliminating the need for additional calculations typically required in other approaches that start with determining the total number of valence electrons. By focusing on valence configurations to construct Lewis structures, this method reduces the potential for errors associated with miscalculations.
2024, 39(8): 389-394
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312065
Abstract:
This article commemorates the 50th anniversary of the passing of Karl Ziegler, a Nobel Prize-winning German chemist, by exploring his scientific journey and remarkable contributions. Ziegler’s unwavering passion for science, unique thinking, and exceptional experimental skills formed the bedrock of his scientific endeavors. His research primarily focused on free radical compounds, polycyclic compounds, and organometallic compounds. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which he co-invented and named alongside Giulio Natta, had far-reaching implications for the global polyolefin industry, giving rise to a market worth billions of dollars.
This article commemorates the 50th anniversary of the passing of Karl Ziegler, a Nobel Prize-winning German chemist, by exploring his scientific journey and remarkable contributions. Ziegler’s unwavering passion for science, unique thinking, and exceptional experimental skills formed the bedrock of his scientific endeavors. His research primarily focused on free radical compounds, polycyclic compounds, and organometallic compounds. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which he co-invented and named alongside Giulio Natta, had far-reaching implications for the global polyolefin industry, giving rise to a market worth billions of dollars.
2024, 39(8): 395-402
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401056
Abstract:
Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to explore the bonding models and relative stability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups within chromium family. This paper reviews the current research trajectory and recent advancements, specially focusing on their bonding configurations and strategies for further stabilization. The analysis suggests that the instability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups results from the electron repulsion in tightly packed electrons between the two individual atoms. Thus, approaches to stabilize these molecules fundamentally aim to reduce electron density and mitigate electron-electron repulsion.
Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to explore the bonding models and relative stability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups within chromium family. This paper reviews the current research trajectory and recent advancements, specially focusing on their bonding configurations and strategies for further stabilization. The analysis suggests that the instability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups results from the electron repulsion in tightly packed electrons between the two individual atoms. Thus, approaches to stabilize these molecules fundamentally aim to reduce electron density and mitigate electron-electron repulsion.
2024, 39(8): 403-410
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311093
Abstract:
Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) has emerged as a new topic in chemistry competitions both domestically and internationally in recent years. This paper elucidates the origins of first-order and second-order KIE, starting from the perspective of classical transition state theory, based on the potential energy curve and zero-point vibration energy. The role of KIE in the study of reaction mechanisms is briefly discussed. By analyzing relevant exam questions from both domestic and international chemistry competitions, the examination perspectives on KIE are identified, highlighting the continuity between domestic and international competitions. Finally, this paper offers reflections and suggestions for teaching KIE in the context of competitive exams, providing valuable insights and references for educators involved in competition training.
Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) has emerged as a new topic in chemistry competitions both domestically and internationally in recent years. This paper elucidates the origins of first-order and second-order KIE, starting from the perspective of classical transition state theory, based on the potential energy curve and zero-point vibration energy. The role of KIE in the study of reaction mechanisms is briefly discussed. By analyzing relevant exam questions from both domestic and international chemistry competitions, the examination perspectives on KIE are identified, highlighting the continuity between domestic and international competitions. Finally, this paper offers reflections and suggestions for teaching KIE in the context of competitive exams, providing valuable insights and references for educators involved in competition training.
