Login In
2024 Volume 39 Issue 2
2024, 39(2): 1-6
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303026
Abstract:
The combustion heat measurement is a classic physical chemistry experiment. In this case, the combustion heat measurement is correlated with the electric power generation from the combustion of the agricultural and forestry waste. The contents of the classic experiment are modified appropriately. During performance of the newly designed experiment, students’ understanding of the significance of combustion heat measurements for the safety of the power plant operation, as well as the agricultural and forestry waste combustion power generation for serving “agriculture, rural area, and farmers”, rural revitalization and “dual carbon” strategy can be improved. The students’ ability to apply what they learn from physical chemistry and laboratory courses can be enhanced. It can stimulate students’ interest in learning, guides students to care more about national energy security, environmental protection, sustainable development and people’s life and health. The modified experiment can greatly improve the students’ ability and quality.
The combustion heat measurement is a classic physical chemistry experiment. In this case, the combustion heat measurement is correlated with the electric power generation from the combustion of the agricultural and forestry waste. The contents of the classic experiment are modified appropriately. During performance of the newly designed experiment, students’ understanding of the significance of combustion heat measurements for the safety of the power plant operation, as well as the agricultural and forestry waste combustion power generation for serving “agriculture, rural area, and farmers”, rural revitalization and “dual carbon” strategy can be improved. The students’ ability to apply what they learn from physical chemistry and laboratory courses can be enhanced. It can stimulate students’ interest in learning, guides students to care more about national energy security, environmental protection, sustainable development and people’s life and health. The modified experiment can greatly improve the students’ ability and quality.
2024, 39(2): 7-13
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310011
Abstract:
The teaching reform has adopted a blended teaching approach that combines online and offline methods. This approach incorporates tropical crop materials and products, such as coconut meat, coconut oil, and oil palm fruits, into the combustion heat determination experiment, which is the classic physical chemistry experiment. In the process of the experiment, the students not only mastered the measurement technology of combustion heat of three kinds of samples-solid blocks, powdered solids, and liquids, but also gained an understanding of the connotations and significance of national strategies like “Healthy China”, “Rural Revitalization”, and “Sustainable Development”. The reform enriched the course content, enhanced students’ enthusiasm for learning, and strengthened the synergistic effect of moral education during the teaching process, leading to a positive teaching outcome and demonstrating excellent potential for widespread adoption.
The teaching reform has adopted a blended teaching approach that combines online and offline methods. This approach incorporates tropical crop materials and products, such as coconut meat, coconut oil, and oil palm fruits, into the combustion heat determination experiment, which is the classic physical chemistry experiment. In the process of the experiment, the students not only mastered the measurement technology of combustion heat of three kinds of samples-solid blocks, powdered solids, and liquids, but also gained an understanding of the connotations and significance of national strategies like “Healthy China”, “Rural Revitalization”, and “Sustainable Development”. The reform enriched the course content, enhanced students’ enthusiasm for learning, and strengthened the synergistic effect of moral education during the teaching process, leading to a positive teaching outcome and demonstrating excellent potential for widespread adoption.
2024, 39(2): 14-20
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307075
Abstract:
Moral education is the fundamental mission of higher education institutions. Seamlessly integrating ideological and political elements into classroom instruction is beneficial for guiding students to establish a correct worldview, values, and life perspective, thereby becoming qualified successors of socialism. Taking Tu Youyou’s groundbreaking work on “artemisinin extraction” as an example, which led her to become the first Chinese native scientist awarded the Nobel Prize in science, this paper focuses on enhancing the teaching process concerning “the chemical potential of any component in an ideal-dilute solution”, by combining the principles of the “distribution law” outlined in the multi-component systems of thermodynamics. The aim is to help students fully appreciate both the direct guiding role that principles play in practical applications and the invaluable contribution traditional Chinese culture makes towards solving real problems. Furthermore, students could comprehend the inevitable trajectory of scientific discovery as well as the sacrifices and rewards that scientists experience in their continuous ascent to the peaks of scientific achievement. Ultimately, this approach will inspire students to love our motherland deeply and apply their acquired knowledge and wisdom towards contributing to the socialist development.
Moral education is the fundamental mission of higher education institutions. Seamlessly integrating ideological and political elements into classroom instruction is beneficial for guiding students to establish a correct worldview, values, and life perspective, thereby becoming qualified successors of socialism. Taking Tu Youyou’s groundbreaking work on “artemisinin extraction” as an example, which led her to become the first Chinese native scientist awarded the Nobel Prize in science, this paper focuses on enhancing the teaching process concerning “the chemical potential of any component in an ideal-dilute solution”, by combining the principles of the “distribution law” outlined in the multi-component systems of thermodynamics. The aim is to help students fully appreciate both the direct guiding role that principles play in practical applications and the invaluable contribution traditional Chinese culture makes towards solving real problems. Furthermore, students could comprehend the inevitable trajectory of scientific discovery as well as the sacrifices and rewards that scientists experience in their continuous ascent to the peaks of scientific achievement. Ultimately, this approach will inspire students to love our motherland deeply and apply their acquired knowledge and wisdom towards contributing to the socialist development.
2024, 39(2): 21-27
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307026
Abstract:
The purpose of this project is to guide students in independently designing experiments based on problem-oriented approach, taking a commonplace phenomenon (white flocs formed during laundry) as the starting point. The measurement of surface tension is integrated into the process of exploring the underlying chemical principles of daily life phenomena, and an exploratory experimental model that follows a “problem identification-practical exploration-textbook consolidation” framework is established by combining a diverse array of techniques, thereby reinforcing the students’ understanding of colloid and interface chemistry. The revised experiment offers richer content, greater challenges, enhanced comprehensiveness, and increased engagement, effectively fostering students’ abilities to analyze and solve problems and nurturing their inquisitive thinking. Furthermore, this experiment ensures a high degree of safety, ease of operation, and requires no specialized equipment, making it highly suitable for undergraduate instructional labs.
The purpose of this project is to guide students in independently designing experiments based on problem-oriented approach, taking a commonplace phenomenon (white flocs formed during laundry) as the starting point. The measurement of surface tension is integrated into the process of exploring the underlying chemical principles of daily life phenomena, and an exploratory experimental model that follows a “problem identification-practical exploration-textbook consolidation” framework is established by combining a diverse array of techniques, thereby reinforcing the students’ understanding of colloid and interface chemistry. The revised experiment offers richer content, greater challenges, enhanced comprehensiveness, and increased engagement, effectively fostering students’ abilities to analyze and solve problems and nurturing their inquisitive thinking. Furthermore, this experiment ensures a high degree of safety, ease of operation, and requires no specialized equipment, making it highly suitable for undergraduate instructional labs.
2024, 39(2): 28-33
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306065
Abstract:
The measurement of solid-liquid contact angle holds significant importance in physical chemistry experiments. In this study, we have enhanced this experiment by incorporating the latest advancements in scientific research, specifically focusing on the application of special wettability materials for treating oily wastewater. The resulting comprehensive and innovative experiment integrates ideological and political elements, aiming to not only enhance students’ learning interest but also guide them in applying theory to practical scenarios, utilizing their specialized knowledge to protect the environment and remediate nature. By fostering students’ sense of social responsibility and professional pride, this teaching reform effectively achieves the goal of cultivating innovative talents.
The measurement of solid-liquid contact angle holds significant importance in physical chemistry experiments. In this study, we have enhanced this experiment by incorporating the latest advancements in scientific research, specifically focusing on the application of special wettability materials for treating oily wastewater. The resulting comprehensive and innovative experiment integrates ideological and political elements, aiming to not only enhance students’ learning interest but also guide them in applying theory to practical scenarios, utilizing their specialized knowledge to protect the environment and remediate nature. By fostering students’ sense of social responsibility and professional pride, this teaching reform effectively achieves the goal of cultivating innovative talents.
2024, 39(2): 34-40
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307081
Abstract:
A comprehensive physical chemistry innovation experiment has been designed, drawing on cutting-edge scientific research. Specifically, it focuses on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces and their application in oily wastewater treatment. Through this experiment, students gain an understanding of oil pollution in water and delve into the general theory of wettability. Moreover, they acquire hands-on experience in preparing superhydrophobic materials, characterizing contact angles, and using superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials for basic oily wastewater treatment procedures. Additionally, this experiment is enriched with various ideological and political elements. By applying theoretical knowledge from their physical or surface chemistry courses, students address the environmental pollution associated with oily wastewater pollution, which fosters a heightened sense of social responsibility, professional pride, rigorous scientific thinking, and innovation.
A comprehensive physical chemistry innovation experiment has been designed, drawing on cutting-edge scientific research. Specifically, it focuses on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces and their application in oily wastewater treatment. Through this experiment, students gain an understanding of oil pollution in water and delve into the general theory of wettability. Moreover, they acquire hands-on experience in preparing superhydrophobic materials, characterizing contact angles, and using superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials for basic oily wastewater treatment procedures. Additionally, this experiment is enriched with various ideological and political elements. By applying theoretical knowledge from their physical or surface chemistry courses, students address the environmental pollution associated with oily wastewater pollution, which fosters a heightened sense of social responsibility, professional pride, rigorous scientific thinking, and innovation.
2024, 39(2): 41-46
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306055
Abstract:
An achievement of the chemistry contest has been successfully transformed into an experimental project with agricultural characteristics, “preparation, characterization and particle size control experiment of nanoemulsion”. It’s introduced into the physical chemistry experiment teaching. Through- the experiment, students can master the preparation and characterization methods of nanoemulsion and study the influence of preparation factors on properties. That can promote the integration and infiltration of agricultural and scientific knowledge, cultivate students’ interdisciplinary thinking and improve their scientific literacy. Students are guided to deeply realize the importance of nanoemulsion in reducing pesticide use and environmental protection and pay attention to the major strategic needs of national food security and food safety. The experiment can strengthen students’ awareness of green development and stimulate their sense of responsibility to serve the national development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
An achievement of the chemistry contest has been successfully transformed into an experimental project with agricultural characteristics, “preparation, characterization and particle size control experiment of nanoemulsion”. It’s introduced into the physical chemistry experiment teaching. Through- the experiment, students can master the preparation and characterization methods of nanoemulsion and study the influence of preparation factors on properties. That can promote the integration and infiltration of agricultural and scientific knowledge, cultivate students’ interdisciplinary thinking and improve their scientific literacy. Students are guided to deeply realize the importance of nanoemulsion in reducing pesticide use and environmental protection and pay attention to the major strategic needs of national food security and food safety. The experiment can strengthen students’ awareness of green development and stimulate their sense of responsibility to serve the national development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
2024, 39(2): 47-51
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308063
Abstract:
This experimental case aims to address the limitations of traditional Fe(OH)3 colloid electrophoresis experiments, such as the waste of Fe(OH)3 colloids, the lack of exploration, and the difficulty in incorporating ideological and political education. To do so, we have developed a colloidal dissolution method, introduced AgI colloids with different surface charges and designed colloid surface charge exploring assays, thus rendering this experiment with the features of resource conservation, green development, and richness of inquiry. It is particularly important that this case has integrated multiple teaching modes (e.g., task-driven self-learning, flipped classroom, and deliberative teaching) to seamlessly combine this basic experiment with the improvement of the recycling ratio of China’s steel resources and the correction to students’ inherent knowledge on the surface charges of colloids. As a result, green chemistry concept, sustainability responsibility, scientific dialectical thinking skills, and innovation spirit can be implanted into the mind of students in a nature way during this experiment. This case has been initially applied to the colloid electrophoresis experimental taught in our university, achieving excellent teaching responses and mutual promotion effect between value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability cultivation. Hopefully, this case can provide helpful reference for enhancing the effect of professional education and ideological and political education in basic experiments.
This experimental case aims to address the limitations of traditional Fe(OH)3 colloid electrophoresis experiments, such as the waste of Fe(OH)3 colloids, the lack of exploration, and the difficulty in incorporating ideological and political education. To do so, we have developed a colloidal dissolution method, introduced AgI colloids with different surface charges and designed colloid surface charge exploring assays, thus rendering this experiment with the features of resource conservation, green development, and richness of inquiry. It is particularly important that this case has integrated multiple teaching modes (e.g., task-driven self-learning, flipped classroom, and deliberative teaching) to seamlessly combine this basic experiment with the improvement of the recycling ratio of China’s steel resources and the correction to students’ inherent knowledge on the surface charges of colloids. As a result, green chemistry concept, sustainability responsibility, scientific dialectical thinking skills, and innovation spirit can be implanted into the mind of students in a nature way during this experiment. This case has been initially applied to the colloid electrophoresis experimental taught in our university, achieving excellent teaching responses and mutual promotion effect between value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability cultivation. Hopefully, this case can provide helpful reference for enhancing the effect of professional education and ideological and political education in basic experiments.
2024, 39(2): 52-56
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307063
Abstract:
Improper disposal of food waste results in pollution of land and water. The efficient treatment of kitchen waste has gradually become a hot topic due to the garbage classification policy. During the process of disposal and transportation of kitchen waste, viscosity is a considerable and necessary factor. It may directly affect the model selection of key equipment and the determination of technological parameters. The study on determination of viscosity of kitchen waste is introduced into physical chemistry experiment as a practical application case. Combining with the engineering practice, the viscosity of kitchen wastes with different composition, different solid content and stirrer speeds were investigated. The results and influencing factors were analyzed. We aim to provide some theoretical basis and suggestion for the model selection of equipment and the parameters of the engineering design of kitchen waste an aerobic digestion. The improved experiment can enhance students’ awareness of applying what they have learned in real application, enhance their understanding of the comprehensiveness and complexity of engineering problems. In this process, inspire the students to think about the most efficient treatment of kitchen waste as a potential resource utilization, cultivate students’ innovate disciplinary literacy based on carbon peak and green environmental protection, and strengthen social responsibility.
Improper disposal of food waste results in pollution of land and water. The efficient treatment of kitchen waste has gradually become a hot topic due to the garbage classification policy. During the process of disposal and transportation of kitchen waste, viscosity is a considerable and necessary factor. It may directly affect the model selection of key equipment and the determination of technological parameters. The study on determination of viscosity of kitchen waste is introduced into physical chemistry experiment as a practical application case. Combining with the engineering practice, the viscosity of kitchen wastes with different composition, different solid content and stirrer speeds were investigated. The results and influencing factors were analyzed. We aim to provide some theoretical basis and suggestion for the model selection of equipment and the parameters of the engineering design of kitchen waste an aerobic digestion. The improved experiment can enhance students’ awareness of applying what they have learned in real application, enhance their understanding of the comprehensiveness and complexity of engineering problems. In this process, inspire the students to think about the most efficient treatment of kitchen waste as a potential resource utilization, cultivate students’ innovate disciplinary literacy based on carbon peak and green environmental protection, and strengthen social responsibility.
2024, 39(2): 57-60
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304078
Abstract:
The study on corrosion protection of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge material is introduced into physical chemistry experiment as a practical application case. By combining with the engineering practice to improve the experiment, the content of related materials and corrosion behavior in different corrosive media is added, and the protective effect of related materials and several kinds of protective measures is compared. Linear sweep voltammetry (Tafel polarization curve measurement) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used in the experiment. The corrosion properties and protection effects of Q235 and Q275 steel, zinc alloy and magnesium alloy sacrificial anode materials, uncoated and epoxy-coated steel sample in simulated seawater and real seawater electrolyte solutions are studied. The improved experiment can enhance students’ awareness of applying what they have learned in real applications, enhance their understanding of the comprehensiveness and complexity of engineering problems, cultivate team spirit and cooperation ability, and strengthen students’ disciplinary literacy and social responsibility by cultivating their awareness of corrosion protection and green environmental protection.
The study on corrosion protection of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge material is introduced into physical chemistry experiment as a practical application case. By combining with the engineering practice to improve the experiment, the content of related materials and corrosion behavior in different corrosive media is added, and the protective effect of related materials and several kinds of protective measures is compared. Linear sweep voltammetry (Tafel polarization curve measurement) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used in the experiment. The corrosion properties and protection effects of Q235 and Q275 steel, zinc alloy and magnesium alloy sacrificial anode materials, uncoated and epoxy-coated steel sample in simulated seawater and real seawater electrolyte solutions are studied. The improved experiment can enhance students’ awareness of applying what they have learned in real applications, enhance their understanding of the comprehensiveness and complexity of engineering problems, cultivate team spirit and cooperation ability, and strengthen students’ disciplinary literacy and social responsibility by cultivating their awareness of corrosion protection and green environmental protection.
2024, 39(2): 61-66
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309005
Abstract:
Organic electrochemical synthesis technology replaces traditional organic reactions’ oxidizing and reducing agents with electrons, offering advantages such as economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, and sustainable development. By transforming the research achievements of electrochemical synthesis of benzothiazine dioxide into undergraduate experiments, students can establish the concept of “green chemistry” and understand the significant importance of organic electrochemical synthesis technology in serving human ecological civilization, national needs, and maintaining people’s health. This helps improve students’ professional identity and sense of social responsibility. By integrating ideological and political education throughout the entire process of experimental teaching, students’ scientific thinking, scientific abilities, and scientific literacy are comprehensively cultivated.
Organic electrochemical synthesis technology replaces traditional organic reactions’ oxidizing and reducing agents with electrons, offering advantages such as economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, and sustainable development. By transforming the research achievements of electrochemical synthesis of benzothiazine dioxide into undergraduate experiments, students can establish the concept of “green chemistry” and understand the significant importance of organic electrochemical synthesis technology in serving human ecological civilization, national needs, and maintaining people’s health. This helps improve students’ professional identity and sense of social responsibility. By integrating ideological and political education throughout the entire process of experimental teaching, students’ scientific thinking, scientific abilities, and scientific literacy are comprehensively cultivated.
2024, 39(2): 67-71
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308020
Abstract:
Transforming the electrolytic silver-catalyzed selective oxidation of methanol into a comprehensive physical-chemical experiment, a process characteristic of industrial production, which allows students to master standard operations of gas-solid phase reaction equipment and understand how to control reaction conditions for modulating catalytic performance, thereby fostering the integration of engineering and basic sciences. This experiment also guides students to appreciate the significance of catalysis in enhancing economic benefits in industrial production and promoting sustainable green development. Executing this experiment reinforces students’ understanding of the applicability of their knowledge, deepens their insight into the integrative and complex nature of chemical engineering challenges, and nurtures team spirit and collaborative skills. Moreover, it instills in students the awareness of technological innovation as a driver for advancing chemical production, and the acumen to address problems at their core. Ultimately, this approach strengthens students' disciplinary literacy and sense of social responsibility.
Transforming the electrolytic silver-catalyzed selective oxidation of methanol into a comprehensive physical-chemical experiment, a process characteristic of industrial production, which allows students to master standard operations of gas-solid phase reaction equipment and understand how to control reaction conditions for modulating catalytic performance, thereby fostering the integration of engineering and basic sciences. This experiment also guides students to appreciate the significance of catalysis in enhancing economic benefits in industrial production and promoting sustainable green development. Executing this experiment reinforces students’ understanding of the applicability of their knowledge, deepens their insight into the integrative and complex nature of chemical engineering challenges, and nurtures team spirit and collaborative skills. Moreover, it instills in students the awareness of technological innovation as a driver for advancing chemical production, and the acumen to address problems at their core. Ultimately, this approach strengthens students' disciplinary literacy and sense of social responsibility.
2024, 39(2): 72-76
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308072
Abstract:
The traditional BZ oscillating reaction experiment focuses on the imparting of dissipative structure knowledge and the measurement of the activation energy during the induction period. Based on the rich and colorful phenomena and the underlying philosophy of life presented by the concentric circle growth process, this case study innovatively designs the experimental content supported by the dissipative structure theory, introducing the concentric circle experiment content and the flipped learning model. It aims to enhance students’ scientific literacy and research abilities, guide students to analyze the safety hazards and potential environmental impacts in the experiment, integrate reflection on life into the experimental process, and utilize the principles of dissipative structures to understand and transform the world after class. The improved experiment will help establish students’ correct outlook on life and the world.
The traditional BZ oscillating reaction experiment focuses on the imparting of dissipative structure knowledge and the measurement of the activation energy during the induction period. Based on the rich and colorful phenomena and the underlying philosophy of life presented by the concentric circle growth process, this case study innovatively designs the experimental content supported by the dissipative structure theory, introducing the concentric circle experiment content and the flipped learning model. It aims to enhance students’ scientific literacy and research abilities, guide students to analyze the safety hazards and potential environmental impacts in the experiment, integrate reflection on life into the experimental process, and utilize the principles of dissipative structures to understand and transform the world after class. The improved experiment will help establish students’ correct outlook on life and the world.
2024, 39(2): 77-82
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308004
Abstract:
To implement the educational policy of the Party in the new era and serve the national strategy, this experiment focuses on a current hot topic in the field by employing novel piezoelectric coordination compound materials. By organically integrating procedures like crystal synthesis, structural characterization, device fabrication and measurement, students can be comprehensively trained. The integration of ideological and political design into the experimental teaching aims to enhance students' self-directed learning abilities and interest in the subject matter, while also fostering a courageous spirit of scientific innovation and a sense of social responsibility through practical application.
To implement the educational policy of the Party in the new era and serve the national strategy, this experiment focuses on a current hot topic in the field by employing novel piezoelectric coordination compound materials. By organically integrating procedures like crystal synthesis, structural characterization, device fabrication and measurement, students can be comprehensively trained. The integration of ideological and political design into the experimental teaching aims to enhance students' self-directed learning abilities and interest in the subject matter, while also fostering a courageous spirit of scientific innovation and a sense of social responsibility through practical application.
2024, 39(2): 83-88
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309063
Abstract:
Simulating and calculating the conformation, morphology and dimensions of polymer chains, is a virtual simulation experiment project at the molecular level. It is based on the theoretical work of Nobel laureates de Gennes and P. J. Flory, and is developed through the transformation of the project team’s own teaching and research achievements and collaborative research and development between teachers and students. Compared with small molecular compounds, the research methods for polymer chains are significantly different, especially in the need to use statistical methods to describe the conformation and morphology of polymer chains, and calculate the average dimensions of polymer chains. This cannot be achieved by classical physical chemistry methods. From development to teaching practice and subsequent improvements, the project naturally incorporates ideological and political elements from multiple dimensions such as Nobel Prize achievements, philosophical thoughts, scientific thinking, the history of disciplinary development, and teaching and research achievements were integrated into the update of teaching content.
Simulating and calculating the conformation, morphology and dimensions of polymer chains, is a virtual simulation experiment project at the molecular level. It is based on the theoretical work of Nobel laureates de Gennes and P. J. Flory, and is developed through the transformation of the project team’s own teaching and research achievements and collaborative research and development between teachers and students. Compared with small molecular compounds, the research methods for polymer chains are significantly different, especially in the need to use statistical methods to describe the conformation and morphology of polymer chains, and calculate the average dimensions of polymer chains. This cannot be achieved by classical physical chemistry methods. From development to teaching practice and subsequent improvements, the project naturally incorporates ideological and political elements from multiple dimensions such as Nobel Prize achievements, philosophical thoughts, scientific thinking, the history of disciplinary development, and teaching and research achievements were integrated into the update of teaching content.
2024, 39(2): 89-93
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306012
Abstract:
The synthesis of 7-ethyl Camptothecin, an intermediate of the anticancer drug irinotecan, involves the alkylation reaction of heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This case study creatively integrates ideological and political education into the experimental process, linking it with the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and the concept of “Healthy China”. The entire faculty and students undergo comprehensive ideological and political education throughout the process of case introduction, discussion, implementation, reflection, and assessment, addressing the issue of experimental courses focusing solely on experimental content while neglecting ideological and political education. This approach achieves the goal of holistic education. Throughout this process, it not only stimulates students’ interest in learning, but also effectively trains them in scientific and innovative thinking, cultivating their spirit of exploration and awareness of innovation. Furthermore, it strengthens students’ awareness of green chemistry, environmental protection, and sustainable development, enhancing their sense of responsibility and mission to contribute to a Healthy China. It also reinforces students’ determination and confidence in applying their learned professional knowledge to serve the country.
The synthesis of 7-ethyl Camptothecin, an intermediate of the anticancer drug irinotecan, involves the alkylation reaction of heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This case study creatively integrates ideological and political education into the experimental process, linking it with the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and the concept of “Healthy China”. The entire faculty and students undergo comprehensive ideological and political education throughout the process of case introduction, discussion, implementation, reflection, and assessment, addressing the issue of experimental courses focusing solely on experimental content while neglecting ideological and political education. This approach achieves the goal of holistic education. Throughout this process, it not only stimulates students’ interest in learning, but also effectively trains them in scientific and innovative thinking, cultivating their spirit of exploration and awareness of innovation. Furthermore, it strengthens students’ awareness of green chemistry, environmental protection, and sustainable development, enhancing their sense of responsibility and mission to contribute to a Healthy China. It also reinforces students’ determination and confidence in applying their learned professional knowledge to serve the country.
2024, 39(2): 94-98
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304080
Abstract:
The two classic experiments of benzoic acid synthesis and ethyl benzoate preparation are modified into a comprehensive experiment. Using improving the synthesis process to achieve green and efficient conversion as a case study, students are guided to comprehensively analyze the synthesis process through literature review, point out the problems and shortcomings of the original synthesis method, propose improvement suggestions. Students are also guided to integrate laws and regulations, experimental norms, subject ethics, green concepts, environmental protection, and sustainable development concepts into the entire process of experimental design and implementation, so that students can receive basic lab skill training and achieve comprehensive improvement.
The two classic experiments of benzoic acid synthesis and ethyl benzoate preparation are modified into a comprehensive experiment. Using improving the synthesis process to achieve green and efficient conversion as a case study, students are guided to comprehensively analyze the synthesis process through literature review, point out the problems and shortcomings of the original synthesis method, propose improvement suggestions. Students are also guided to integrate laws and regulations, experimental norms, subject ethics, green concepts, environmental protection, and sustainable development concepts into the entire process of experimental design and implementation, so that students can receive basic lab skill training and achieve comprehensive improvement.
2024, 39(2): 99-104
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306028
Abstract:
Taking the organic chemistry experiment “Synthesis of Aspirin” as an example, this paper discusses the specific implementation measures of integrating ideological and political education into the organic chemistry laboratory course through five steps: determining ideological and political teaching objectives, mining ideological and political elements, selecting ideological and political carriers, conducting ideological and political practice activities, and conducting ideological and political evaluation. Adopting a progressive teaching model, this paper proposes several suggestions and measures for the effective implementation of ideological and political education in laboratory courses.
Taking the organic chemistry experiment “Synthesis of Aspirin” as an example, this paper discusses the specific implementation measures of integrating ideological and political education into the organic chemistry laboratory course through five steps: determining ideological and political teaching objectives, mining ideological and political elements, selecting ideological and political carriers, conducting ideological and political practice activities, and conducting ideological and political evaluation. Adopting a progressive teaching model, this paper proposes several suggestions and measures for the effective implementation of ideological and political education in laboratory courses.
2024, 39(2): 105-109
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307020
Abstract:
The synthesis and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance study of salicylaldehyde Schiff-base is a comprehensive experimental project designed and offered by the College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University for undergraduate chemistry students. This project has been implemented for five academic years. Throughout this period, several ideological and political education elements have been gradually incorporated into the teaching of this experiment. Through continuous improvement and refinement, it has formed a representative case of experimental teaching with ideological and political education. The case study employs AIE, an advanced scientific theory pioneered by Chinese researchers, as its foundation. It connects the AIE phenomenon with national technological development and societal needs. Through the learning process of discovering the AIE phenomenon, hands-on practical experience with AIE synthesis under various conditions, and the observation of AIE’s properties, this case integrates national pride, innovative research spirit, social responsibility, and dialectical materialist thinking into experimental teaching. This approach not only enhances students’ comprehensive problem identification, analysis, and resolution skills but also provides them with a deep understanding of the pivotal role of fluorescent materials in the national economy and social development. It elevates students’ sense of national self-esteem and self-confidence, reinforces the research philosophy of “seeing what nobody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”, and ignites their enthusiasm to contribute to the country’s development.
The synthesis and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance study of salicylaldehyde Schiff-base is a comprehensive experimental project designed and offered by the College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University for undergraduate chemistry students. This project has been implemented for five academic years. Throughout this period, several ideological and political education elements have been gradually incorporated into the teaching of this experiment. Through continuous improvement and refinement, it has formed a representative case of experimental teaching with ideological and political education. The case study employs AIE, an advanced scientific theory pioneered by Chinese researchers, as its foundation. It connects the AIE phenomenon with national technological development and societal needs. Through the learning process of discovering the AIE phenomenon, hands-on practical experience with AIE synthesis under various conditions, and the observation of AIE’s properties, this case integrates national pride, innovative research spirit, social responsibility, and dialectical materialist thinking into experimental teaching. This approach not only enhances students’ comprehensive problem identification, analysis, and resolution skills but also provides them with a deep understanding of the pivotal role of fluorescent materials in the national economy and social development. It elevates students’ sense of national self-esteem and self-confidence, reinforces the research philosophy of “seeing what nobody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”, and ignites their enthusiasm to contribute to the country’s development.
2024, 39(2): 110-115
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307082
Abstract:
In this paper, the classic comprehensive organic synthesis experiment course, the synthesis of Benzocaine, has been redesigned and upgraded to an innovative experiment allowing for route design and condition optimization. Students are encouraged to conduct literature research, undertake comprehensive analyses, and evaluate synthesis strategies and specific experimental conditions. They are then tasked with proposing an experimental scheme that balances both macro (route) and micro (specific conditions) perspectives, overcoming the limitations and deficiencies of the original experiment. Depending on the students’ majors and training programs, certain or all “permissions” are granted for students, which enables students to start with different raw materials, design environmentally-friendly and efficient synthesis routes, determine specific experimental plans, and optimize the experimental conditions based on the model route. Beyond gaining foundational experimental operation skills, students embrace a heightened philosophy of green, efficient, and sustainable synthesis. The approach urges students to apply scientific thinking, incorporating cutting-edge academic achievements into experimental practices, thereby nurturing their scientific innovation capabilities. It also guides students to adopt a holistic perspective, enhancing their awareness of and capabilities in team collaboration.
In this paper, the classic comprehensive organic synthesis experiment course, the synthesis of Benzocaine, has been redesigned and upgraded to an innovative experiment allowing for route design and condition optimization. Students are encouraged to conduct literature research, undertake comprehensive analyses, and evaluate synthesis strategies and specific experimental conditions. They are then tasked with proposing an experimental scheme that balances both macro (route) and micro (specific conditions) perspectives, overcoming the limitations and deficiencies of the original experiment. Depending on the students’ majors and training programs, certain or all “permissions” are granted for students, which enables students to start with different raw materials, design environmentally-friendly and efficient synthesis routes, determine specific experimental plans, and optimize the experimental conditions based on the model route. Beyond gaining foundational experimental operation skills, students embrace a heightened philosophy of green, efficient, and sustainable synthesis. The approach urges students to apply scientific thinking, incorporating cutting-edge academic achievements into experimental practices, thereby nurturing their scientific innovation capabilities. It also guides students to adopt a holistic perspective, enhancing their awareness of and capabilities in team collaboration.
2024, 39(2): 116-120
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309083
Abstract:
The preparation of ferrous sulfate is a typical inorganic preparative experiment. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, the experimental method has been improved to achieve comprehensive utilization of waste iron resources, synthesizing ferrous sulfate as an important raw material for anti-anemia drugs, and analyzing and testing it according to pharmacopoeia standards. Students have enhanced their basic experimental skills such as weighing, purification, heating, dissolution, evaporation, crystallization, and solid-liquid separation. They have also recognized the importance of comprehensive utilization of waste resources such as iron and further understood the relationship between iron properties and human health. They have gained an appreciation for the significant role of chemistry in improving the environment, promoting human health, and social development. This experience has strengthened their professional confidence and sense of pride, and has a positive impact on the cultivation of students’ abilities and the development of their overall quality.
The preparation of ferrous sulfate is a typical inorganic preparative experiment. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, the experimental method has been improved to achieve comprehensive utilization of waste iron resources, synthesizing ferrous sulfate as an important raw material for anti-anemia drugs, and analyzing and testing it according to pharmacopoeia standards. Students have enhanced their basic experimental skills such as weighing, purification, heating, dissolution, evaporation, crystallization, and solid-liquid separation. They have also recognized the importance of comprehensive utilization of waste resources such as iron and further understood the relationship between iron properties and human health. They have gained an appreciation for the significant role of chemistry in improving the environment, promoting human health, and social development. This experience has strengthened their professional confidence and sense of pride, and has a positive impact on the cultivation of students’ abilities and the development of their overall quality.
2024, 39(2): 121-126
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308054
Abstract:
The research on comprehensive utilization of salt lake resources is integrated into the experimental teaching of inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis as practical application cases, and the basic knowledge of inorganic and analytical chemistry, such as crude salt purification, soda ash preparation and alkali purity determination, is combined with the industrial application of salt lake brine, and comprehensive evaluation is carried out through students’ independent design of experimental schemes, completion of experimental operations and comprehensive inspection of various indexes of the schemes. It makes students more deeply understand and know the application of professional knowledge in practical production and life, and enhances students’ interest in learning. At the same time, ideological and political elements are integrated into the course, and students’ scientific literacy, innovative spirit, team spirit and social responsibility are cultivated.
The research on comprehensive utilization of salt lake resources is integrated into the experimental teaching of inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis as practical application cases, and the basic knowledge of inorganic and analytical chemistry, such as crude salt purification, soda ash preparation and alkali purity determination, is combined with the industrial application of salt lake brine, and comprehensive evaluation is carried out through students’ independent design of experimental schemes, completion of experimental operations and comprehensive inspection of various indexes of the schemes. It makes students more deeply understand and know the application of professional knowledge in practical production and life, and enhances students’ interest in learning. At the same time, ideological and political elements are integrated into the course, and students’ scientific literacy, innovative spirit, team spirit and social responsibility are cultivated.
2024, 39(2): 127-132
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308002
Abstract:
The cultivation of high-end talents capable of conducting innovative principle, design and manufacturing, and application development of scientific instrument has become an inevitable requirement for building a strong country in terms of talent and technology. In this case, a teaching mass spectrometer independently developed by Chinese scientists is introduced into undergraduate experimental course, allowing students to personally disassemble, debug, and apply it. This experiment will deepen students’ understanding of the working principles, structure, and related analysis methods of mass spectrometer. This approach dispels the mystery and fear of “high-end instruments” and stimulates students’ interest in developing scientific instruments. It also cultivates qualities such as the willingness to challenge oneself and the courage to innovate independently, as well as a strong sense of patriotism to serve the country through science and technology.
The cultivation of high-end talents capable of conducting innovative principle, design and manufacturing, and application development of scientific instrument has become an inevitable requirement for building a strong country in terms of talent and technology. In this case, a teaching mass spectrometer independently developed by Chinese scientists is introduced into undergraduate experimental course, allowing students to personally disassemble, debug, and apply it. This experiment will deepen students’ understanding of the working principles, structure, and related analysis methods of mass spectrometer. This approach dispels the mystery and fear of “high-end instruments” and stimulates students’ interest in developing scientific instruments. It also cultivates qualities such as the willingness to challenge oneself and the courage to innovate independently, as well as a strong sense of patriotism to serve the country through science and technology.
2024, 39(2): 133-139
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308034
Abstract:
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as an important instrumental analysis method, has been gradually applied to food safety analysis in recent years due to its advantages in fast detection speed, convenient instrument portability, high sensitivity and abundant fingerprint characteristics. Building on prior research foundations and integrating science with education, we designed an experiment titled “Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for Rapid Detection of Edible Pigment”. This experiment aims to provide students with hands-on training in the preparation of SERS substrates, optimization of SERS detection, and the development and application of SERS-based rapid analytical methods. By engaging in this experiment, students will not only acquire essential skills in SERS rapid detection but also gain in-depth knowledge of cutting-edge techniques and cultivate their abilities in experimental innovation.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as an important instrumental analysis method, has been gradually applied to food safety analysis in recent years due to its advantages in fast detection speed, convenient instrument portability, high sensitivity and abundant fingerprint characteristics. Building on prior research foundations and integrating science with education, we designed an experiment titled “Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for Rapid Detection of Edible Pigment”. This experiment aims to provide students with hands-on training in the preparation of SERS substrates, optimization of SERS detection, and the development and application of SERS-based rapid analytical methods. By engaging in this experiment, students will not only acquire essential skills in SERS rapid detection but also gain in-depth knowledge of cutting-edge techniques and cultivate their abilities in experimental innovation.
2024, 39(2): 140-146
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310111
Abstract:
Focusing on the fundamental task of moral education, this article takes the “Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Experiment” course as a carrier to promote the ideological and political affinity of the experimental course. By exploring the ideological and political elements in the experimental contents and using various teaching methods flexibly, the students’ enthusiasm for learning is motivated. Ultimately, value shaping and scientific literacy are integrated naturally with experimental theoretical knowledge and operational skills, enhancing the effectiveness of ideological and political education in materials science experimental courses.
Focusing on the fundamental task of moral education, this article takes the “Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Experiment” course as a carrier to promote the ideological and political affinity of the experimental course. By exploring the ideological and political elements in the experimental contents and using various teaching methods flexibly, the students’ enthusiasm for learning is motivated. Ultimately, value shaping and scientific literacy are integrated naturally with experimental theoretical knowledge and operational skills, enhancing the effectiveness of ideological and political education in materials science experimental courses.
2024, 39(2): 147-154
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309048
Abstract:
The “Instrument Analysis Experiment” course offered by National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China) is a demonstration course for ideological and political education in Anhui Province. In the teaching process of the experimental course “Determination of Plasticizer Content in Beverages by GC-MS”, the course team designed a series of ideological and political teaching cases based on the characteristics of the course. The construction of the ideological and political case library helps teachers fully explore the moral education elements in the course, stimulate students’ interest in learning, cultivate students’ awareness of independent innovation, which achieved good teaching results.
The “Instrument Analysis Experiment” course offered by National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China) is a demonstration course for ideological and political education in Anhui Province. In the teaching process of the experimental course “Determination of Plasticizer Content in Beverages by GC-MS”, the course team designed a series of ideological and political teaching cases based on the characteristics of the course. The construction of the ideological and political case library helps teachers fully explore the moral education elements in the course, stimulate students’ interest in learning, cultivate students’ awareness of independent innovation, which achieved good teaching results.
2024, 39(2): 155-161
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307068
Abstract:
The anodic stripping voltammetry method for determining trace cadmium is a classic fundamental experiment in instrumental analysis. However, the traditional teaching content of this experiment is difficult for students to appreciate the value of their acquired knowledge in practical industry and life, which fails to effectively meet the requirements for integrating ideological and political education into the course. Herein, we propose an innovative design and optimization approach for the experiment, better facilitating educational goals of curricular ideological and political education. It involves inspiring students to research and discuss recent news events, the history of the discipline, stories of scientists, and the latest trends in the industry. Additionally, design-oriented and exploratory elements are incorporated into the experiment, which improves the high-level nature of the course. Instead of using pre-prepared cadmium solutions, real-world samples like purchased rice and other grains are used. Furthermore, students independently prepare mercury film electrodes suitable for electrochemical workstations, replacing commercially available electrodes used directly in polarographs. This allows students to not only strengthen their practical skills but also understand the development and modification of analytical instruments and grasp fundamental research paradigms in analytical chemistry. The aforementioned optimizations of this experiment will help to cultivate students’ scientific spirit and research aptitude, nurture them with the significance of academic knowledge in solving practical problems in the industry and life, and assist them in establishing professional goals and fostering a sense of social responsibility.
The anodic stripping voltammetry method for determining trace cadmium is a classic fundamental experiment in instrumental analysis. However, the traditional teaching content of this experiment is difficult for students to appreciate the value of their acquired knowledge in practical industry and life, which fails to effectively meet the requirements for integrating ideological and political education into the course. Herein, we propose an innovative design and optimization approach for the experiment, better facilitating educational goals of curricular ideological and political education. It involves inspiring students to research and discuss recent news events, the history of the discipline, stories of scientists, and the latest trends in the industry. Additionally, design-oriented and exploratory elements are incorporated into the experiment, which improves the high-level nature of the course. Instead of using pre-prepared cadmium solutions, real-world samples like purchased rice and other grains are used. Furthermore, students independently prepare mercury film electrodes suitable for electrochemical workstations, replacing commercially available electrodes used directly in polarographs. This allows students to not only strengthen their practical skills but also understand the development and modification of analytical instruments and grasp fundamental research paradigms in analytical chemistry. The aforementioned optimizations of this experiment will help to cultivate students’ scientific spirit and research aptitude, nurture them with the significance of academic knowledge in solving practical problems in the industry and life, and assist them in establishing professional goals and fostering a sense of social responsibility.
2024, 39(2): 162-167
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307074
Abstract:
The determination of calcium content in calcium supplement by potassium permanganate method is a classic experiment in analytical chemistry. This case is based on the investigation result of “widespread calcium deficiency among Chinese people” as a starting point, guiding students to use their theoretical knowledge to determine the calcium content in a commercially available calcium supplement product. Through group experiments, the focus is on exploring the influence of calcium oxalate precipitation conditions and washing methods on the determination of calcium content in calcium supplements. By integrating the teaching concept of “ideological and political education exists in the curriculum and integrates into the curriculum” throughout the entire experimental teaching process, Students’ ability to apply what they have learned can be improved, and their awareness of safety and environmental protection, scientific literacy, team spirit and innovation ability can be effectively cultivated. At the same time, their awareness of “each individual is responsible for their own health” can be strengthened.
The determination of calcium content in calcium supplement by potassium permanganate method is a classic experiment in analytical chemistry. This case is based on the investigation result of “widespread calcium deficiency among Chinese people” as a starting point, guiding students to use their theoretical knowledge to determine the calcium content in a commercially available calcium supplement product. Through group experiments, the focus is on exploring the influence of calcium oxalate precipitation conditions and washing methods on the determination of calcium content in calcium supplements. By integrating the teaching concept of “ideological and political education exists in the curriculum and integrates into the curriculum” throughout the entire experimental teaching process, Students’ ability to apply what they have learned can be improved, and their awareness of safety and environmental protection, scientific literacy, team spirit and innovation ability can be effectively cultivated. At the same time, their awareness of “each individual is responsible for their own health” can be strengthened.
2024, 39(2): 168-174
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308007
Abstract:
Analytical chemistry experiments are important foundational courses in the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Basic Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center at Tianjin University. Integrating elements of dialectical materialism theory and other ideological and political education into this course is beneficial for helping students establish correct worldviews, life philosophies, and values, and achieve the teaching goal of moral education and character development in higher education institutions. This paper takes two redox titration experiments in analytical chemistry as examples and explores and practices teaching from three aspects: teaching design, experimental content, and teaching evaluation, with the guidance of course ideology and politics. It integrates ideological and political education throughout the entire process of teaching analytical chemistry experiments, combines ideological and political education with professional course education, and achieves the alignment of course teaching and moral education.
Analytical chemistry experiments are important foundational courses in the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Basic Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center at Tianjin University. Integrating elements of dialectical materialism theory and other ideological and political education into this course is beneficial for helping students establish correct worldviews, life philosophies, and values, and achieve the teaching goal of moral education and character development in higher education institutions. This paper takes two redox titration experiments in analytical chemistry as examples and explores and practices teaching from three aspects: teaching design, experimental content, and teaching evaluation, with the guidance of course ideology and politics. It integrates ideological and political education throughout the entire process of teaching analytical chemistry experiments, combines ideological and political education with professional course education, and achieves the alignment of course teaching and moral education.
2024, 39(2): 175-180
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308042
Abstract:
Building upon the redox titration experiment using the potassium permanganate method, this paper innovatively integrates ideological and political elements into the experimental curriculum, with a focus on monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in water. The case employs graded COD water samples as detection object, incorporates exploratory practices from industrial wastewater supervision, and explores case studies related to water pollution control. This approach not only guides students towards a deeper understanding of critical social issues like water pollution prevention but also fosters a heightened sense of responsibility for environmental protection and awareness of their role in advancing national ecological sustainability.
Building upon the redox titration experiment using the potassium permanganate method, this paper innovatively integrates ideological and political elements into the experimental curriculum, with a focus on monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in water. The case employs graded COD water samples as detection object, incorporates exploratory practices from industrial wastewater supervision, and explores case studies related to water pollution control. This approach not only guides students towards a deeper understanding of critical social issues like water pollution prevention but also fosters a heightened sense of responsibility for environmental protection and awareness of their role in advancing national ecological sustainability.
2024, 39(2): 181-188
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307024
Abstract:
To elevate the quality of education and cultivate innovative talents with a balanced integration of “knowledge and skills” and “abilities and literacy”, this study advances the ideological and political education within professional courses. Utilizing a “stepwise teaching approach” in combination with “dual-track teaching”, the research takes the “analytical chemistry experiment” course as a case study. Beginning with the students and in line with actual teaching conditions, a comprehensive exploration of the ideological and political education within the course is carried out across three phases: pre-class, in-class, and post-class. The results demonstrate that the implementation of the “dual-track teaching” model significantly enhances the integration between professional courses and ideological and political education. This approach effectively addresses the challenges related to the time allocation in traditional experimental teaching and the mechanical repetition of operations. Furthermore, it accommodates the diverse needs and individualized demands of students, while fostering their innovative spirit and practical abilities.
To elevate the quality of education and cultivate innovative talents with a balanced integration of “knowledge and skills” and “abilities and literacy”, this study advances the ideological and political education within professional courses. Utilizing a “stepwise teaching approach” in combination with “dual-track teaching”, the research takes the “analytical chemistry experiment” course as a case study. Beginning with the students and in line with actual teaching conditions, a comprehensive exploration of the ideological and political education within the course is carried out across three phases: pre-class, in-class, and post-class. The results demonstrate that the implementation of the “dual-track teaching” model significantly enhances the integration between professional courses and ideological and political education. This approach effectively addresses the challenges related to the time allocation in traditional experimental teaching and the mechanical repetition of operations. Furthermore, it accommodates the diverse needs and individualized demands of students, while fostering their innovative spirit and practical abilities.
2024, 39(2): 189-195
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307071
Abstract:
In accordance with the talent development programs in science and engineering, agronomy, and oceanography, and under the framework of the “complete credit system”, we propose a “multidimensional” experiment teaching method that integrates “online and offline blended learning”, “flipped classroom”, and “single-path dual-track” teaching models. Guided by “outcome-oriented”, “discipline-specific”, and “student-centered” philosophies, we employ “top-down” and “questionnaire-based” approaches to identify seven key ideological elements. These elements are organically integrated with disciplinary instruction and are seamlessly woven into the entire course teaching process. A diversified evaluation method combining formative, summative, and process-oriented assessments is employed to assess students’ comprehensive abilities. With open-innovation experiments and popular science experimental designs as the starting point, the program focuses on enhancing competitive abilities, strengthening practical and innovative abilities, and meets the talent cultivation goal based on the outcome-based education (OBE) under the background of the “full credit system”.
In accordance with the talent development programs in science and engineering, agronomy, and oceanography, and under the framework of the “complete credit system”, we propose a “multidimensional” experiment teaching method that integrates “online and offline blended learning”, “flipped classroom”, and “single-path dual-track” teaching models. Guided by “outcome-oriented”, “discipline-specific”, and “student-centered” philosophies, we employ “top-down” and “questionnaire-based” approaches to identify seven key ideological elements. These elements are organically integrated with disciplinary instruction and are seamlessly woven into the entire course teaching process. A diversified evaluation method combining formative, summative, and process-oriented assessments is employed to assess students’ comprehensive abilities. With open-innovation experiments and popular science experimental designs as the starting point, the program focuses on enhancing competitive abilities, strengthening practical and innovative abilities, and meets the talent cultivation goal based on the outcome-based education (OBE) under the background of the “full credit system”.
2024, 39(2): 196-202
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308003
Abstract:
In response to the weak sense of professional mission and values among students caused by the insufficient integration of ideological and political elements with professional knowledge in chemistry experiment teaching, the Analytical Chemistry Experiment course organically incorporates ideological and political elements into the experimental content. It formulates the “Trinity” educational goals of integrating knowledge, skills, and qualities, establishes a “six-focus” ideological and political case library, implements the “seven-integration” curriculum ideological and political teaching measures, innovates the “five-interaction” ideological and political education design, and creates challenging classrooms with depth and warmth. It engages in dialogues with students on knowledge, thinking, and emotions.
In response to the weak sense of professional mission and values among students caused by the insufficient integration of ideological and political elements with professional knowledge in chemistry experiment teaching, the Analytical Chemistry Experiment course organically incorporates ideological and political elements into the experimental content. It formulates the “Trinity” educational goals of integrating knowledge, skills, and qualities, establishes a “six-focus” ideological and political case library, implements the “seven-integration” curriculum ideological and political teaching measures, innovates the “five-interaction” ideological and political education design, and creates challenging classrooms with depth and warmth. It engages in dialogues with students on knowledge, thinking, and emotions.
2024, 39(2): 203-207
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310062
Abstract:
Traditional Chinese medicine culture is an important component and typical representative of Chinese traditional culture, and is known as the bright pearl of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Artemisinin, as the star of antimalarial medicine, comes from natural products, so it is necessary to extract and identify the structure of artemisinin from natural products. Combining with the characteristics of the course, the experiment of extraction and identification for the artemisinin is designed for the ideological and political teaching cases of the course. This case aims to cultivate students’ scientific literacy of reviewing literature independently, designing the experiment and characterizing molecular structure by instrumental analysis technology. The construction and implementation of the ideological and political teaching case helps teachers fully explore the moral education elements in professional courses, stimulate students’ interest in learning, cultivate students’ awareness of independent innovation, enhance their patriotic feelings and self-confidence in national culture, and achieve good teaching results.
Traditional Chinese medicine culture is an important component and typical representative of Chinese traditional culture, and is known as the bright pearl of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Artemisinin, as the star of antimalarial medicine, comes from natural products, so it is necessary to extract and identify the structure of artemisinin from natural products. Combining with the characteristics of the course, the experiment of extraction and identification for the artemisinin is designed for the ideological and political teaching cases of the course. This case aims to cultivate students’ scientific literacy of reviewing literature independently, designing the experiment and characterizing molecular structure by instrumental analysis technology. The construction and implementation of the ideological and political teaching case helps teachers fully explore the moral education elements in professional courses, stimulate students’ interest in learning, cultivate students’ awareness of independent innovation, enhance their patriotic feelings and self-confidence in national culture, and achieve good teaching results.
2024, 39(2): 208-213
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310097
Abstract:
To adapt to modern educational concepts and meet the national demand for innovative talents, it is necessary to reform the traditional experimental teaching model and stimulate students’ autonomy and innovative consciousness. This can be achieved by exploring and constructing a student-centered, innovation-oriented autonomous design experimental teaching model based on the foundation of traditional instrumental analysis experiments. The course has achieved a balance between consolidating the foundation and promoting innovation, while also expanding the scope of ideological and political education in the curriculum. The student-centered autonomous design experimental mode enhances students’ initiative in learning, significantly improves the advanced and innovative nature of the course, and demonstrates the rigorous scientific attitude by setting an example and advocating an active scientific exploration attitude. Through the implementation of autonomous design experiments, students’ basic knowledge, learning interest, experimental skills, and innovative abilities have been significantly improved, establishing an effective learning model for instrumental analysis.
To adapt to modern educational concepts and meet the national demand for innovative talents, it is necessary to reform the traditional experimental teaching model and stimulate students’ autonomy and innovative consciousness. This can be achieved by exploring and constructing a student-centered, innovation-oriented autonomous design experimental teaching model based on the foundation of traditional instrumental analysis experiments. The course has achieved a balance between consolidating the foundation and promoting innovation, while also expanding the scope of ideological and political education in the curriculum. The student-centered autonomous design experimental mode enhances students’ initiative in learning, significantly improves the advanced and innovative nature of the course, and demonstrates the rigorous scientific attitude by setting an example and advocating an active scientific exploration attitude. Through the implementation of autonomous design experiments, students’ basic knowledge, learning interest, experimental skills, and innovative abilities have been significantly improved, establishing an effective learning model for instrumental analysis.
2024, 39(2): 214-220
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307019
Abstract:
To meet the requirements of emerging engineering education, the practice of its concept organically fused with ideological and political education has been implemented in the comprehensive applied chemistry laboratory. The departure between professional education and ideological and political education could be avoided with the improvement of textbooks, course teaching, and platform construction. Based on the previous results and practice, some specific ideas were proposed, including the construction of supporting textbooks, online and offline teaching integration, building an intramural research and engineering platform, and expanding the extramural practice platform. By fully integrating ideological and political education into teaching activities, a new education system featuring integrating ideological and political education was established. It can serve to advance applied talent training and provides valuable insights for innovating ideological and political education in other laboratory-based courses.
To meet the requirements of emerging engineering education, the practice of its concept organically fused with ideological and political education has been implemented in the comprehensive applied chemistry laboratory. The departure between professional education and ideological and political education could be avoided with the improvement of textbooks, course teaching, and platform construction. Based on the previous results and practice, some specific ideas were proposed, including the construction of supporting textbooks, online and offline teaching integration, building an intramural research and engineering platform, and expanding the extramural practice platform. By fully integrating ideological and political education into teaching activities, a new education system featuring integrating ideological and political education was established. It can serve to advance applied talent training and provides valuable insights for innovating ideological and political education in other laboratory-based courses.
2024, 39(2): 221-226
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306075
Abstract:
This paper mainly introduced the synthesis method, composition analysis, and bonding performance of high-strength water-based adhesives prepared from polymethylmethacrylate wastes. This experiment can improve students’ experimental skills, broaden their chemical perspectives, and cultivate their innovative thinking. Moreover, teachers can also provide students with ideological and political education regarding the energy and environmental issues involved in this experiment, inspiring students to study hard and use their professional knowledge to serve the country with great determination and sense of mission.
This paper mainly introduced the synthesis method, composition analysis, and bonding performance of high-strength water-based adhesives prepared from polymethylmethacrylate wastes. This experiment can improve students’ experimental skills, broaden their chemical perspectives, and cultivate their innovative thinking. Moreover, teachers can also provide students with ideological and political education regarding the energy and environmental issues involved in this experiment, inspiring students to study hard and use their professional knowledge to serve the country with great determination and sense of mission.
2024, 39(2): 227-233
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309070
Abstract:
In this case, various factors of course ideological and political elements are integrated into a comprehensive chemistry experiment in the construction of a visual molecular logic system with the preparation, characterization and application of intelligent hydrogel film electrodes. Through interdisciplinary research, it bridges the gap between basic teaching and cutting-edge technologies, guiding students to pay attention to issues such as national emerging material development, sustainable development, and digital information encryption. The design of this case helps cultivate students’ sense of responsibility in serving national strategies and socio-economic development, as well as the determination to innovate and climb the peaks of science.
In this case, various factors of course ideological and political elements are integrated into a comprehensive chemistry experiment in the construction of a visual molecular logic system with the preparation, characterization and application of intelligent hydrogel film electrodes. Through interdisciplinary research, it bridges the gap between basic teaching and cutting-edge technologies, guiding students to pay attention to issues such as national emerging material development, sustainable development, and digital information encryption. The design of this case helps cultivate students’ sense of responsibility in serving national strategies and socio-economic development, as well as the determination to innovate and climb the peaks of science.
2024, 39(2): 234-241
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308008
Abstract:
In this paper, the existing problems of ideology and politics in laboratory safety education courses in colleges and universities were analyzed, and its educational significance in laboratory safety education was stated. Based on the basic characteristics of laboratory safety education courses, the design and exploration of curriculum ideological and political teaching were summarized in five aspects of teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and teaching staff. The constructed curriculum ideological and political teaching system not only cultivates students’ chemical experiment safety knowledge and skills, but also enhances students’ safety awareness, national feelings, moral cultivation and scientific spirit, helping to cultivate high-quality chemical talents with both morality and talent in the new era.
In this paper, the existing problems of ideology and politics in laboratory safety education courses in colleges and universities were analyzed, and its educational significance in laboratory safety education was stated. Based on the basic characteristics of laboratory safety education courses, the design and exploration of curriculum ideological and political teaching were summarized in five aspects of teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and teaching staff. The constructed curriculum ideological and political teaching system not only cultivates students’ chemical experiment safety knowledge and skills, but also enhances students’ safety awareness, national feelings, moral cultivation and scientific spirit, helping to cultivate high-quality chemical talents with both morality and talent in the new era.
2024, 39(2): 242-247
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309061
Abstract:
Laboratory common instruments and glassware safety are necessary knowledge and skills for laboratory. In this case, the specialized knowledge is organically combined with ideological and political elements. The laboratory common instruments and glassware safety are related to the safety accidents in the laboratories of university and real life. The multi-integration teaching design and implementation centering on students’ core competencies further strengthen the students’ awareness of safety and environmental protection, stimulate the students’ interest in learning. The corresponding knowledge of adopted online MOOC is extended, expanded and supplemented. These cultivate the students’ knowledge transfer ability, make students fully realize the significance of laboratory instruments and glassware safety for the safe operation of laboratories as well as national security and stability, enhance the students’ social responsibility, and play a good role in improving students’ ability and quality.
Laboratory common instruments and glassware safety are necessary knowledge and skills for laboratory. In this case, the specialized knowledge is organically combined with ideological and political elements. The laboratory common instruments and glassware safety are related to the safety accidents in the laboratories of university and real life. The multi-integration teaching design and implementation centering on students’ core competencies further strengthen the students’ awareness of safety and environmental protection, stimulate the students’ interest in learning. The corresponding knowledge of adopted online MOOC is extended, expanded and supplemented. These cultivate the students’ knowledge transfer ability, make students fully realize the significance of laboratory instruments and glassware safety for the safe operation of laboratories as well as national security and stability, enhance the students’ social responsibility, and play a good role in improving students’ ability and quality.
2024, 39(2): 248-254
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308016
Abstract:
The traditional experimental teaching mode of inorganic chemistry presents certain drawbacks. Advances in information technology offer new opportunities for reinvigorating the experimental teaching mode. This study explores the reform and practice of flipped classroom teaching mode within the context of inorganic chemistry experimental, specifically focusing on the preparation of inorganic crystalline compounds, utilizing the crystal structures as the starting point to engage interest, and employing the star questionnaires as an effective evaluation method. The practical process includes three stages: pre-class preparation, in-class exploration, and post-class feedback and reflection. Our findings reveal that the flipped classroom teaching mode effectively stimulates students’ interest in inorganic chemistry experiment, and enhances their learning initiative, innovative consciousness, logical reasoning and problem-solving ability.
The traditional experimental teaching mode of inorganic chemistry presents certain drawbacks. Advances in information technology offer new opportunities for reinvigorating the experimental teaching mode. This study explores the reform and practice of flipped classroom teaching mode within the context of inorganic chemistry experimental, specifically focusing on the preparation of inorganic crystalline compounds, utilizing the crystal structures as the starting point to engage interest, and employing the star questionnaires as an effective evaluation method. The practical process includes three stages: pre-class preparation, in-class exploration, and post-class feedback and reflection. Our findings reveal that the flipped classroom teaching mode effectively stimulates students’ interest in inorganic chemistry experiment, and enhances their learning initiative, innovative consciousness, logical reasoning and problem-solving ability.
2024, 39(2): 255-262
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308084
Abstract:
Colleges and universities serve as crucial crucibles for nurturing outstanding youth, and specialized courses acts as the primary vehicles for ideological and political education. In this study, we integrated ideological and political education into the foundational course of Inorganic Chemistry for first-year university students. Six practical methods are summarized, using the chapter titled ‘Oxidation and Reduction’ as an illustrative case study for the implementation process. The proposed strategies for curricular ideological and political education can be flexibly employed throughout the whole instructional activities in the Inorganic Chemistry course, thereby fulfilling the fundamental task of moral education and personal development.
Colleges and universities serve as crucial crucibles for nurturing outstanding youth, and specialized courses acts as the primary vehicles for ideological and political education. In this study, we integrated ideological and political education into the foundational course of Inorganic Chemistry for first-year university students. Six practical methods are summarized, using the chapter titled ‘Oxidation and Reduction’ as an illustrative case study for the implementation process. The proposed strategies for curricular ideological and political education can be flexibly employed throughout the whole instructional activities in the Inorganic Chemistry course, thereby fulfilling the fundamental task of moral education and personal development.
2024, 39(2): 263-269
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308089
Abstract:
Relying on the Chaoxing SPOC platform, we have developed a blended, first-class Analytical Chemistry course within Liaoning Province and executed shared teaching via the Liaoning Higher Education Intelligent Education Platform. To construct this high-quality blended course, we assembled a comprehensive resource platform encompassing foundational knowledge, cutting-edge developments in the field of analytical chemistry, and supplemental knowledge extensions. Innovative pedagogical frameworks, such as case-based instruction, flipped classroom models, and ideological and political curricular integration, were employed to optimize the instructional methodology. These frameworks aim to fulfill educational objectives from the perspectives of knowledge dissemination, skill acquisition and ethical value cultivation. To implement the shared teaching model, we developed a collaborative teaching and research community across multiple universities, pioneered novel instructional research approaches, enacted inter-campus shared course, co-constructed curricular contents, and shared teaching methods. This initiative resulted in the establishment of a communal educational platform for analytical chemistry within local universities.
Relying on the Chaoxing SPOC platform, we have developed a blended, first-class Analytical Chemistry course within Liaoning Province and executed shared teaching via the Liaoning Higher Education Intelligent Education Platform. To construct this high-quality blended course, we assembled a comprehensive resource platform encompassing foundational knowledge, cutting-edge developments in the field of analytical chemistry, and supplemental knowledge extensions. Innovative pedagogical frameworks, such as case-based instruction, flipped classroom models, and ideological and political curricular integration, were employed to optimize the instructional methodology. These frameworks aim to fulfill educational objectives from the perspectives of knowledge dissemination, skill acquisition and ethical value cultivation. To implement the shared teaching model, we developed a collaborative teaching and research community across multiple universities, pioneered novel instructional research approaches, enacted inter-campus shared course, co-constructed curricular contents, and shared teaching methods. This initiative resulted in the establishment of a communal educational platform for analytical chemistry within local universities.
2024, 39(2): 270-279
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308092
Abstract:
This paper exemplifies the arsenic element teaching to introduce the ideological and political education-infused curriculum design in elemental chemistry. By deeply exploring the ideological and political elements contained within the curriculum, and fully leveraging the implicit permeation of ideological and political education carried by the curriculum, it organically integrates dialectical materialism with scientific thinking, patriotism with social responsibility, and ecological civilization with environmental protection awareness into the curriculum content and classroom teaching. This integration aims to cultivate students’ innovative consciousness, scientific spirit, patriotism, and ecological civilization awareness, striving to synchronously achieve the objectives of “knowledge impartation”, “ability cultivation” and “value guidance”.
This paper exemplifies the arsenic element teaching to introduce the ideological and political education-infused curriculum design in elemental chemistry. By deeply exploring the ideological and political elements contained within the curriculum, and fully leveraging the implicit permeation of ideological and political education carried by the curriculum, it organically integrates dialectical materialism with scientific thinking, patriotism with social responsibility, and ecological civilization with environmental protection awareness into the curriculum content and classroom teaching. This integration aims to cultivate students’ innovative consciousness, scientific spirit, patriotism, and ecological civilization awareness, striving to synchronously achieve the objectives of “knowledge impartation”, “ability cultivation” and “value guidance”.
2024, 39(2): 280-285
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308040
Abstract:
Based on the OBE (outcome-based education) concept and following the outcome-oriented educational approach, a distinctive talent cultivation plan for the Applied Chemistry major at Hefei University of Technology has been formulated, focusing on the development of students’ innovative practical abilities. This plan includes strengthening the “dual-teacher” faculty team, establishing an integrated innovation practice platform that combines the cultivation of practical abilities with professional education through “science education, competition education, and industry education”, and implementing a teaching evaluation model that emphasizes process assessment. The practical exploration in the Applied Chemistry major provides valuable reference for cultivating versatile talents with innovation consciousness and practical abilities.
Based on the OBE (outcome-based education) concept and following the outcome-oriented educational approach, a distinctive talent cultivation plan for the Applied Chemistry major at Hefei University of Technology has been formulated, focusing on the development of students’ innovative practical abilities. This plan includes strengthening the “dual-teacher” faculty team, establishing an integrated innovation practice platform that combines the cultivation of practical abilities with professional education through “science education, competition education, and industry education”, and implementing a teaching evaluation model that emphasizes process assessment. The practical exploration in the Applied Chemistry major provides valuable reference for cultivating versatile talents with innovation consciousness and practical abilities.
2024, 39(2): 286-291
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308026
Abstract:
Exploration of the deep integration of ideological education, innovative thinking, and organic chemistry teaching was conducted in the Chemistry Strong Foundation Class. In the classroom, carefully selected teaching cases were used to realize the organic combination of knowledge transmission, value guidance, and cultivation of innovative abilities by utilizing the multiple values of knowledge. After class, diligent organization of literature research activities was carried out to achieve the training objectives of solidifying foundations and broadening horizons in innovative thinking, ultimately fulfilling the fundamental task of education in cultivating moral character and nurturing individuals.
Exploration of the deep integration of ideological education, innovative thinking, and organic chemistry teaching was conducted in the Chemistry Strong Foundation Class. In the classroom, carefully selected teaching cases were used to realize the organic combination of knowledge transmission, value guidance, and cultivation of innovative abilities by utilizing the multiple values of knowledge. After class, diligent organization of literature research activities was carried out to achieve the training objectives of solidifying foundations and broadening horizons in innovative thinking, ultimately fulfilling the fundamental task of education in cultivating moral character and nurturing individuals.
2024, 39(2): 292-297
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308035
Abstract:
The analysis explores the connotations of constructivism and deconstructivism as well as the differences from traditional structuralist educational concepts, emphasizing their complementarity and promoting role in educational practice. Taking the teaching of colloidal solutions as an example, it discusses how to design specific teaching cases using constructivist and deconstructivist ideas. Teaching practice has shown that instructional methods guided by constructivist and deconstructivist thinking can enhance students’ understanding and application of knowledge while fostering their innovative thinking and sense of social responsibility.
The analysis explores the connotations of constructivism and deconstructivism as well as the differences from traditional structuralist educational concepts, emphasizing their complementarity and promoting role in educational practice. Taking the teaching of colloidal solutions as an example, it discusses how to design specific teaching cases using constructivist and deconstructivist ideas. Teaching practice has shown that instructional methods guided by constructivist and deconstructivist thinking can enhance students’ understanding and application of knowledge while fostering their innovative thinking and sense of social responsibility.
2024, 39(2): 298-306
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308041
Abstract:
Based on higher agricultural and forestry education, we have explored and practiced the teaching of organic chemistry course from aspects such as teaching cases, teaching methods, and teacher team building. The teaching practice has shown that it has stimulated students’ interest in learning, broadened their horizons, and helped them appreciate the charm of frontier research in organic chemistry (especially the cross-integration with agricultural science). It has also cultivated students’ cultural literacy, professional competence, and scientific literacy, shaping their passion for agriculture and the country. The teaching approach has achieved the integration of knowledge imparting, competence development, and value-oriented guidance, effectively addressing the issue of incomplete alignment between public basic courses and professional education needs. It has fully played the role of the course in the cultivation of agricultural science talents.
Based on higher agricultural and forestry education, we have explored and practiced the teaching of organic chemistry course from aspects such as teaching cases, teaching methods, and teacher team building. The teaching practice has shown that it has stimulated students’ interest in learning, broadened their horizons, and helped them appreciate the charm of frontier research in organic chemistry (especially the cross-integration with agricultural science). It has also cultivated students’ cultural literacy, professional competence, and scientific literacy, shaping their passion for agriculture and the country. The teaching approach has achieved the integration of knowledge imparting, competence development, and value-oriented guidance, effectively addressing the issue of incomplete alignment between public basic courses and professional education needs. It has fully played the role of the course in the cultivation of agricultural science talents.
2024, 39(2): 307-313
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309045
Abstract:
Theoretical and Computational Chemistry is one of the elective general courses for both undergraduate and graduate students. Taking the course knowledge points as a clue, it delves deep into the ideological and political elements of the course in terms of shaping values, cultivating abilities, fostering strong beliefs, and nurturing patriotism. By sharing ideological and political case studies and teaching materials, it proposes a scientific approach to integrating ideological and political content with interdisciplinary studies, emphasizing the important role of academic literature and dissertations in ideological and political education. It provides a reference for achieving proactive ideological and political education and the goal of holistic education in courses related to computational chemistry.
Theoretical and Computational Chemistry is one of the elective general courses for both undergraduate and graduate students. Taking the course knowledge points as a clue, it delves deep into the ideological and political elements of the course in terms of shaping values, cultivating abilities, fostering strong beliefs, and nurturing patriotism. By sharing ideological and political case studies and teaching materials, it proposes a scientific approach to integrating ideological and political content with interdisciplinary studies, emphasizing the important role of academic literature and dissertations in ideological and political education. It provides a reference for achieving proactive ideological and political education and the goal of holistic education in courses related to computational chemistry.
2024, 39(2): 314-320
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308058
Abstract:
Organic chemistry is a fundamental course in universities, which not only provides core knowledge and skills for undergraduate students but also lays a solid foundation for their successful career in scientific research and employment. Taking the basic course of organic chemistry in higher education institutions as an example, we explore the curriculum ideological and political education paradigm of “conceptual guidance, fostering ethics and character, in-depth case studies, and diverse assessments” under the overall goal of “cultivating students’ moral integrity and character”. Multiple rounds of teaching practice have shown that this paradigm is effective and feasible in enhancing students’ ideological and moral qualities and has the potential to become a new paradigm for ideological and moral education in agricultural and forestry colleges, with potential for broader application in other courses.
Organic chemistry is a fundamental course in universities, which not only provides core knowledge and skills for undergraduate students but also lays a solid foundation for their successful career in scientific research and employment. Taking the basic course of organic chemistry in higher education institutions as an example, we explore the curriculum ideological and political education paradigm of “conceptual guidance, fostering ethics and character, in-depth case studies, and diverse assessments” under the overall goal of “cultivating students’ moral integrity and character”. Multiple rounds of teaching practice have shown that this paradigm is effective and feasible in enhancing students’ ideological and moral qualities and has the potential to become a new paradigm for ideological and moral education in agricultural and forestry colleges, with potential for broader application in other courses.
2024, 39(2): 321-329
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308030
Abstract:
Aniline compounds are important organic intermediates and basic chemical raw materials, widely applied in research fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and functional materials. The development of efficient and versatile synthesis of aniline derivatives is one of the research hotspots that have been attracting much attention. In the past few decades, the study of transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides has attracted significant attention from chemists due to its advantages of broad substrate applicability, good functional group compatibility, and high reaction selectivity. This review summarizes the research progress in transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides, including: (1) palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides; (2) copper-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides; (3) nickel-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides.
Aniline compounds are important organic intermediates and basic chemical raw materials, widely applied in research fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and functional materials. The development of efficient and versatile synthesis of aniline derivatives is one of the research hotspots that have been attracting much attention. In the past few decades, the study of transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides has attracted significant attention from chemists due to its advantages of broad substrate applicability, good functional group compatibility, and high reaction selectivity. This review summarizes the research progress in transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides, including: (1) palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides; (2) copper-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides; (3) nickel-catalyzed synthesis of aniline derivatives from aryl halides.
2024, 39(2): 330-339
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308053
Abstract:
Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility and antibacterial capabilities, making it a material of choice in various biomedical applications such as antimicrobial disinfection and drug delivery. This study, rooted in the principle of sustainable development of waste utilization, employs shrimp shells—an everyday kitchen waste—as the raw material for extracting chitin and preparing chitosan . Comprehensive characterization techniques are conducted to substantiate the viewpoints in the paper, leading to the development of a chitosan-based antibacterial gel. Employing a gradient science popularization program, we captivate audiences ranging from kindergarten children to university students and the general public, illuminating the allure of chemistry. The study aims to spark public interest in the subject, inviting everyone to discard preconceived notions and rediscover the intrinsic beauty of chemistry from a more enlightened vantage point.
Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility and antibacterial capabilities, making it a material of choice in various biomedical applications such as antimicrobial disinfection and drug delivery. This study, rooted in the principle of sustainable development of waste utilization, employs shrimp shells—an everyday kitchen waste—as the raw material for extracting chitin and preparing chitosan . Comprehensive characterization techniques are conducted to substantiate the viewpoints in the paper, leading to the development of a chitosan-based antibacterial gel. Employing a gradient science popularization program, we captivate audiences ranging from kindergarten children to university students and the general public, illuminating the allure of chemistry. The study aims to spark public interest in the subject, inviting everyone to discard preconceived notions and rediscover the intrinsic beauty of chemistry from a more enlightened vantage point.
2024, 39(2): 340-346
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308067
Abstract:
This project introduces an enhanced approach to the experimental preparation of Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) as an iron supplement. Bridging theoretical concepts with practical manufacturing, the experimental design is aligned with pharmaceutical production processes. It incorporates a comprehensive set of modules, ranging from experimental design and drug preparation to structural identification and purity analysis. The project transforms the experiment from a validation-based exercise to a holistic, design-oriented experiment. Students are guided to consider quality control, safety protocols, and environmental protection as part of their experimental design. This experimental framework accommodates multiple patent pathways, stimulating students’ investigative interests and fostering skills in experimental design and critical thinking. It aims to enhance students’ problem-solving capabilities, improve their scientific literacy, and boost their confidence in the field.
This project introduces an enhanced approach to the experimental preparation of Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) as an iron supplement. Bridging theoretical concepts with practical manufacturing, the experimental design is aligned with pharmaceutical production processes. It incorporates a comprehensive set of modules, ranging from experimental design and drug preparation to structural identification and purity analysis. The project transforms the experiment from a validation-based exercise to a holistic, design-oriented experiment. Students are guided to consider quality control, safety protocols, and environmental protection as part of their experimental design. This experimental framework accommodates multiple patent pathways, stimulating students’ investigative interests and fostering skills in experimental design and critical thinking. It aims to enhance students’ problem-solving capabilities, improve their scientific literacy, and boost their confidence in the field.
2024, 39(2): 347-357
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308039
Abstract:
Experiential education is widely recognized as an effective teaching method for nurturing students’ problem-solving abilities and fostering innovative thinking through hands-on activities. Furthermore, the field of 3D printing of alloy materials has garnered significant attention in the realm of electrocatalysis. This paper aims to synergize experimental education with 3D printing of alloys, exploring its impact on students and educational outcomes. Initially, the paper introduces the importance and role of experimental education and the characteristics and potential applications of alloy materials. Subsequently, the potential utilization of 3D printing technology in the fabrication of alloys is discussed. To enhance students’ engagement, learning motivation, and scientific literacy, they actively participate in designing and conducting experiments. The primary objective of this research is to provide novel ideas and methodologies for educational practices, cultivating students’ scientific thinking and practical abilities. Additionally, it aims to foster a greater number of innovative talents in the field of materials science and engineering.
Experiential education is widely recognized as an effective teaching method for nurturing students’ problem-solving abilities and fostering innovative thinking through hands-on activities. Furthermore, the field of 3D printing of alloy materials has garnered significant attention in the realm of electrocatalysis. This paper aims to synergize experimental education with 3D printing of alloys, exploring its impact on students and educational outcomes. Initially, the paper introduces the importance and role of experimental education and the characteristics and potential applications of alloy materials. Subsequently, the potential utilization of 3D printing technology in the fabrication of alloys is discussed. To enhance students’ engagement, learning motivation, and scientific literacy, they actively participate in designing and conducting experiments. The primary objective of this research is to provide novel ideas and methodologies for educational practices, cultivating students’ scientific thinking and practical abilities. Additionally, it aims to foster a greater number of innovative talents in the field of materials science and engineering.
2024, 39(2): 358-370
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308049
Abstract:
Voltammetry is an important chapter and teaching difficulty in the course of Instrumental Analysis. However, the existing experiment teaching program has shortcomings in theoretical integration and application expansion. This paper introduces a cutting-edge research progress in material sciences, i.e., laser-scribed graphene technology, into voltammetry experiment teaching. The program enriches the experiment contents by introducing basic knowledge such as simulation of diffusion current theory and electrocatalytic phenomena, and extending applications such as vanillin detection in powdered milk. These new contents will help students to deeply understand the basic principles, research trends, and application value of the method. The comprehensive cost of the experiment is low, and the electrodes can be prepared in batches, thus making it suitable for experiment teaching.
Voltammetry is an important chapter and teaching difficulty in the course of Instrumental Analysis. However, the existing experiment teaching program has shortcomings in theoretical integration and application expansion. This paper introduces a cutting-edge research progress in material sciences, i.e., laser-scribed graphene technology, into voltammetry experiment teaching. The program enriches the experiment contents by introducing basic knowledge such as simulation of diffusion current theory and electrocatalytic phenomena, and extending applications such as vanillin detection in powdered milk. These new contents will help students to deeply understand the basic principles, research trends, and application value of the method. The comprehensive cost of the experiment is low, and the electrodes can be prepared in batches, thus making it suitable for experiment teaching.
2024, 39(2): 371-378
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308057
Abstract:
A comprehensive chemistry experiment on Organic-Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes (SPE) is introduced, aiming to familiarize students with the modification strategies of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and the application of SPE in all-solid-state batteries. The experiment involves X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of crystal structure, as well as tests such as AC impedance, linear sweep voltammetry, and constant current charge-discharge to enhance students’ understanding of concepts such as polarization and ion migration number. This experiment helps students extend theoretical knowledge to practical applications, improves their theoretical level, and enhances their practical skills.
A comprehensive chemistry experiment on Organic-Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes (SPE) is introduced, aiming to familiarize students with the modification strategies of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and the application of SPE in all-solid-state batteries. The experiment involves X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of crystal structure, as well as tests such as AC impedance, linear sweep voltammetry, and constant current charge-discharge to enhance students’ understanding of concepts such as polarization and ion migration number. This experiment helps students extend theoretical knowledge to practical applications, improves their theoretical level, and enhances their practical skills.
2024, 39(2): 379-391
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308079
Abstract:
In analytical chemistry, performance evaluation parameters for quantitative analysis methods include the spiked recovery, relative standard deviation, calibration curve and its correlation coefficient, linear range, error bar, limit of detection, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, etc. A deep understanding and proficient application of the above parameters are fundamental competencies for professionals in analytical chemistry. However, less than half of the students possess an adequate grasp of these common evaluation parameters, and could not distinguish parameters with similar meanings from the questionnaire survey for most senior undergraduates and postgraduate students. This deficiency is attributed to existing textbooks that merely introduce basic concepts of these parameters without illustrating their practical applications. Additionally, no comprehensive literature has systematically presented examples of how to apply these parameters. This paper carefully selects multiple cutting-edge articles from the highly-cited journal Analytical Chemistry, to vividly and thoroughly explain the standard applications of each evaluation parameters, replacing the previous one-dimensional theoretical descriptions. The goal of this work is to guide students in gaining a deep, intuitive understanding of how to effectively evaluate analytical methods and results based on these parameters, and to enable proficient and accurate expression in future scientific research. This paper aims to serve as a reference for improving the scientific and practical aspects of teaching evaluation parameters.
In analytical chemistry, performance evaluation parameters for quantitative analysis methods include the spiked recovery, relative standard deviation, calibration curve and its correlation coefficient, linear range, error bar, limit of detection, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, etc. A deep understanding and proficient application of the above parameters are fundamental competencies for professionals in analytical chemistry. However, less than half of the students possess an adequate grasp of these common evaluation parameters, and could not distinguish parameters with similar meanings from the questionnaire survey for most senior undergraduates and postgraduate students. This deficiency is attributed to existing textbooks that merely introduce basic concepts of these parameters without illustrating their practical applications. Additionally, no comprehensive literature has systematically presented examples of how to apply these parameters. This paper carefully selects multiple cutting-edge articles from the highly-cited journal Analytical Chemistry, to vividly and thoroughly explain the standard applications of each evaluation parameters, replacing the previous one-dimensional theoretical descriptions. The goal of this work is to guide students in gaining a deep, intuitive understanding of how to effectively evaluate analytical methods and results based on these parameters, and to enable proficient and accurate expression in future scientific research. This paper aims to serve as a reference for improving the scientific and practical aspects of teaching evaluation parameters.
2024, 39(2): 392-398
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308051
Abstract:
Chemical bonding is one of the core concepts in the whole field of chemistry and provides a very effective way of communication. It must be clear that chemical bonds are not real, they are artificially abstracted concepts. To accurately describe chemical bonding, various models or theories have been proposed throughout history. The most widely used models are the electron-pair bonding model and hybrid orbital theory. However, the rules of thumb have their limitations, as evident in the explanation of hypervalent molecules. We suggest that in teaching, hypervalent molecules should be used as examples to explicitly point out the shortcomings of empirical rules in describing chemical bonding to younger students. In another hand, molecular orbital theory or modern valence bond theory can be used on bonding analysis for senior students. It is expected that students maintain an open-minded attitude towards the behavior of chemical bonding and cultivate spirit of scientific inquiry.
Chemical bonding is one of the core concepts in the whole field of chemistry and provides a very effective way of communication. It must be clear that chemical bonds are not real, they are artificially abstracted concepts. To accurately describe chemical bonding, various models or theories have been proposed throughout history. The most widely used models are the electron-pair bonding model and hybrid orbital theory. However, the rules of thumb have their limitations, as evident in the explanation of hypervalent molecules. We suggest that in teaching, hypervalent molecules should be used as examples to explicitly point out the shortcomings of empirical rules in describing chemical bonding to younger students. In another hand, molecular orbital theory or modern valence bond theory can be used on bonding analysis for senior students. It is expected that students maintain an open-minded attitude towards the behavior of chemical bonding and cultivate spirit of scientific inquiry.
