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2024 Volume 39 Issue 10
2024, 39(10): 1-7
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409125
Abstract:
To implement the pilot initiatives of the Ministry of Education on undergraduate education and teaching reform in basic disciplines (series of “101 Plans”) and to promote the cultivation of innovative talents, the Chemistry “101 Plan” aims to identify new paths for high-quality independent training of outstanding innovative talents in chemistry by taking the reform of chemical teaching as a breakthrough and experimental zone. This initiative focuses on developing 12 core courses and corresponding core textbooks, exploring digital and intelligent educational methods and cultivating a core teaching team, via concentrating national strengths in the field of chemistry. This article introduces the significant measures, progress, and future plans of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, focusing on the construction of core elements, including organization, curricula (theory and experiment), textbooks, and faculty.
To implement the pilot initiatives of the Ministry of Education on undergraduate education and teaching reform in basic disciplines (series of “101 Plans”) and to promote the cultivation of innovative talents, the Chemistry “101 Plan” aims to identify new paths for high-quality independent training of outstanding innovative talents in chemistry by taking the reform of chemical teaching as a breakthrough and experimental zone. This initiative focuses on developing 12 core courses and corresponding core textbooks, exploring digital and intelligent educational methods and cultivating a core teaching team, via concentrating national strengths in the field of chemistry. This article introduces the significant measures, progress, and future plans of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, focusing on the construction of core elements, including organization, curricula (theory and experiment), textbooks, and faculty.
2024, 39(10): 8-13
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408026
Abstract:
General Chemistry is the first of the 12 core courses in the Chemistry “101 Plan” of the Ministry of Education, and serves as the foundation of university-level chemistry courses. It has a unique position in the university chemistry curriculum system. This article provides a detailed introduction to the design ideas and construction of the General Chemistry course in the Chemistry “101 Plan” from the aspects of course information, knowledge modules and knowledge points, core faculty team building, and construction of core textbook and teaching plans. Taking the Chemistry “101 Plan” as an opportunity, we aim to build a first-class core course, a core textbook, and a core faculty team, in order to improve the quality of talent cultivation in the field of chemistry.
General Chemistry is the first of the 12 core courses in the Chemistry “101 Plan” of the Ministry of Education, and serves as the foundation of university-level chemistry courses. It has a unique position in the university chemistry curriculum system. This article provides a detailed introduction to the design ideas and construction of the General Chemistry course in the Chemistry “101 Plan” from the aspects of course information, knowledge modules and knowledge points, core faculty team building, and construction of core textbook and teaching plans. Taking the Chemistry “101 Plan” as an opportunity, we aim to build a first-class core course, a core textbook, and a core faculty team, in order to improve the quality of talent cultivation in the field of chemistry.
2024, 39(10): 14-21
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408071
Abstract:
Inorganic Chemistry is an important compulsory course for undergraduate students majoring in chemistry, and it is also one of the core theoretical courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan”. Based on the investigation and analysis of Inorganic Chemistry course both domestically and internationally, this paper elaborates on the course positioning, teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching suggestions for Inorganic Chemistry in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. The aim is to promote reform and innovation in Inorganic Chemistry teaching and enhance the quality of talent cultivation.
Inorganic Chemistry is an important compulsory course for undergraduate students majoring in chemistry, and it is also one of the core theoretical courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan”. Based on the investigation and analysis of Inorganic Chemistry course both domestically and internationally, this paper elaborates on the course positioning, teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching suggestions for Inorganic Chemistry in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. The aim is to promote reform and innovation in Inorganic Chemistry teaching and enhance the quality of talent cultivation.
2024, 39(10): 22-26
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409003
Abstract:
Since the Ministry of Education launched a series of “101 Plan” for eight basic disciplines such as chemistry, Hunan University, as the leading unit of analytical chemistry courses in the Chemistry “101 Plan”, has gathered 27 domestic “Basic Discipline Talent Training Plan 2.0 Base” universities in the field of chemistry to carry out the construction of courses and textbooks and promote the implementation of classroom improvement plans. This paper introduces in detail the core course knowledge system of analytical chemistry, the teaching contents and objectives of 11 modules and 48 core knowledge points, as well as the overall teaching objectives and construction progress of the course.
Since the Ministry of Education launched a series of “101 Plan” for eight basic disciplines such as chemistry, Hunan University, as the leading unit of analytical chemistry courses in the Chemistry “101 Plan”, has gathered 27 domestic “Basic Discipline Talent Training Plan 2.0 Base” universities in the field of chemistry to carry out the construction of courses and textbooks and promote the implementation of classroom improvement plans. This paper introduces in detail the core course knowledge system of analytical chemistry, the teaching contents and objectives of 11 modules and 48 core knowledge points, as well as the overall teaching objectives and construction progress of the course.
2024, 39(10): 27-37
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408117
Abstract:
The Chemistry “101 Plan” physical chemistry textbook aims to establish a theoretical framework for supernumerary molecular systems. It explores how to link the intelligence and knowledge of individual atoms and molecules with macroscopic supernumerary molecular systems, constructing a chemist’s view of matter and providing scientific thinking methods for studying these systems. The textbook is divided into three parts: the first part covers theoretical foundations, the second part addresses material concepts, and the third part discusses evolutionary laws. This article briefly introduces the theoretical framework of the textbook, aiming to inspire the development of physical chemistry curricula in China and cultivate the next generation of chemistry professionals.
The Chemistry “101 Plan” physical chemistry textbook aims to establish a theoretical framework for supernumerary molecular systems. It explores how to link the intelligence and knowledge of individual atoms and molecules with macroscopic supernumerary molecular systems, constructing a chemist’s view of matter and providing scientific thinking methods for studying these systems. The textbook is divided into three parts: the first part covers theoretical foundations, the second part addresses material concepts, and the third part discusses evolutionary laws. This article briefly introduces the theoretical framework of the textbook, aiming to inspire the development of physical chemistry curricula in China and cultivate the next generation of chemistry professionals.
2024, 39(10): 38-44
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409047
Abstract:
In the face of intensifying global competition in science and technology, education plays a crucial role in cultivating innovative talents. Structural chemistry, a core foundational course for chemistry majors, employs quantum mechanics and group theory as its scientific language, enabling a deeper understanding of chemical principles and phenomena. This paper summarizes the reforms undertaken in the structural chemistry curriculum and textbook development under the Chemistry “101 Plan” and explores the pathways for reform in line with first-class curriculum standards. By restructuring the course’s knowledge modules, building a comprehensive knowledge framework, and introducing diversified teaching resources, these efforts have enhanced the quality of higher education and advanced the development of the chemistry discipline.
In the face of intensifying global competition in science and technology, education plays a crucial role in cultivating innovative talents. Structural chemistry, a core foundational course for chemistry majors, employs quantum mechanics and group theory as its scientific language, enabling a deeper understanding of chemical principles and phenomena. This paper summarizes the reforms undertaken in the structural chemistry curriculum and textbook development under the Chemistry “101 Plan” and explores the pathways for reform in line with first-class curriculum standards. By restructuring the course’s knowledge modules, building a comprehensive knowledge framework, and introducing diversified teaching resources, these efforts have enhanced the quality of higher education and advanced the development of the chemistry discipline.
2024, 39(10): 45-51
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407085
Abstract:
Chemical biology is one of the 12 core courses developed under the “101 Plan” for chemistry. As an emerging interdisciplinary field that explores the chemical basis and molecular foundations of life processes, chemical biology encompasses a broad range of topics and extensive knowledge. With ongoing advancements in the field, establishing a systematic curriculum that addresses the diverse needs of students from various disciplines presents a significant challenge for textbook design and construction. To address this, the authors have investigated and compared the content and curriculum design of different chemical biology textbooks, summarized the key modules and knowledge areas, and developed a teaching framework based on three main aspects: the molecular basis of chemical biology, core technologies, and applications. The textbook aims to showcase innovative features in knowledge integration, content depth, and practical orientation. By aligning with the development of interdisciplinary subjects and national strategic needs, the textbook seeks to provide a cross-disciplinary integration of chemistry, biology, and medicine, offering students a challenging and insightful learning experience.
Chemical biology is one of the 12 core courses developed under the “101 Plan” for chemistry. As an emerging interdisciplinary field that explores the chemical basis and molecular foundations of life processes, chemical biology encompasses a broad range of topics and extensive knowledge. With ongoing advancements in the field, establishing a systematic curriculum that addresses the diverse needs of students from various disciplines presents a significant challenge for textbook design and construction. To address this, the authors have investigated and compared the content and curriculum design of different chemical biology textbooks, summarized the key modules and knowledge areas, and developed a teaching framework based on three main aspects: the molecular basis of chemical biology, core technologies, and applications. The textbook aims to showcase innovative features in knowledge integration, content depth, and practical orientation. By aligning with the development of interdisciplinary subjects and national strategic needs, the textbook seeks to provide a cross-disciplinary integration of chemistry, biology, and medicine, offering students a challenging and insightful learning experience.
2024, 39(10): 52-57
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408009
Abstract:
The fundamental chemistry experiments course under the Chemistry “101 Plan” is tailored for lower-year chemistry students in schools participating in the Talent Development Project 2.0. This advanced introductory course aims to cultivate innovative talents in fundamental chemical research. It sparks students’ interest in chemistry experiments and provides them with essential experimental skills necessary for further study and research in chemistry. The course includes unit or small integrated experiments focused on synthesis and measurement, which serve as crucial preparatory content for learning fundamental operations and skills. These experiments also act as prerequisites for subsequent courses, such as synthetic chemistry experiments and chemical measurement experiments, thereby laying a solid foundation for future experimental coursework.
The fundamental chemistry experiments course under the Chemistry “101 Plan” is tailored for lower-year chemistry students in schools participating in the Talent Development Project 2.0. This advanced introductory course aims to cultivate innovative talents in fundamental chemical research. It sparks students’ interest in chemistry experiments and provides them with essential experimental skills necessary for further study and research in chemistry. The course includes unit or small integrated experiments focused on synthesis and measurement, which serve as crucial preparatory content for learning fundamental operations and skills. These experiments also act as prerequisites for subsequent courses, such as synthetic chemistry experiments and chemical measurement experiments, thereby laying a solid foundation for future experimental coursework.
2024, 39(10): 58-63
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409109
Abstract:
As one of the 12 core courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, synthetic chemistry experiment is designed as a through-type, full-chain experimental course for undergraduates majoring in chemistry and related fields, covering topics from basic synthesis to advanced synthesis and comprehensive synthesis. Unlike traditional teaching modes that separate experimental courses by secondary disciplines, this course restructures the experimental knowledge system around synthetic methods. It integrates the synthesis of inorganic, organic, polymeric, supramolecular substances, and applied materials to establish a complete methodology of synthetic chemistry. The course content balances fundamental and cutting-edge experiments, emphasizing interdisciplinary connections and knowledge integration. By designing comprehensive experiments across the full chain—including preparation and synthesis, separation and purification, structure and characterization, reaction and performance, and materials and applications—the course aims to help students strengthen the integration of knowledge and skills, fostering their scientific thinking and innovative consciousness. This article briefly outlines the reform ideas and construction of the synthetic chemistry experiment, addressing aspects such as course orientation, goals, design concepts, core knowledge systems, textbook/lesson plans, and the teaching team.
As one of the 12 core courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, synthetic chemistry experiment is designed as a through-type, full-chain experimental course for undergraduates majoring in chemistry and related fields, covering topics from basic synthesis to advanced synthesis and comprehensive synthesis. Unlike traditional teaching modes that separate experimental courses by secondary disciplines, this course restructures the experimental knowledge system around synthetic methods. It integrates the synthesis of inorganic, organic, polymeric, supramolecular substances, and applied materials to establish a complete methodology of synthetic chemistry. The course content balances fundamental and cutting-edge experiments, emphasizing interdisciplinary connections and knowledge integration. By designing comprehensive experiments across the full chain—including preparation and synthesis, separation and purification, structure and characterization, reaction and performance, and materials and applications—the course aims to help students strengthen the integration of knowledge and skills, fostering their scientific thinking and innovative consciousness. This article briefly outlines the reform ideas and construction of the synthetic chemistry experiment, addressing aspects such as course orientation, goals, design concepts, core knowledge systems, textbook/lesson plans, and the teaching team.
2024, 39(10): 64-68
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409031
Abstract:
Chemical measurement experiments are one of the four core experimental courses of the chemistry “101 Plan“ of the Ministry of Education. This paper provides an in-depth introduction to main ideas in designing the course，including the positioning, objectives, designing strategy, modules, knowledge points and contents of the chemical measurement experiments course. We also give suggestion on how to make full use of this course and refine the course to exert the advantage of the respective university. The main purpose of this article is to promote the reform and innovation of experimental teaching in universities involved in national basic subject talent training plan and other key universities through this course, and to improve the cultivation quality of top-notch innovative talents.
Chemical measurement experiments are one of the four core experimental courses of the chemistry “101 Plan“ of the Ministry of Education. This paper provides an in-depth introduction to main ideas in designing the course，including the positioning, objectives, designing strategy, modules, knowledge points and contents of the chemical measurement experiments course. We also give suggestion on how to make full use of this course and refine the course to exert the advantage of the respective university. The main purpose of this article is to promote the reform and innovation of experimental teaching in universities involved in national basic subject talent training plan and other key universities through this course, and to improve the cultivation quality of top-notch innovative talents.
2024, 39(10): 69-77
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409002
Abstract:
This paper presents the construction of the “Chemical Biology Experiment”, a core course within the Chemistry “101 Program”. Highlighting the interdisciplinary characteristics of chemical biology, the critical importance of laboratory courses in advancing interdisciplinary research, and the overarching goals of the Chemistry “101 Program”, this paper systematically summarizes and introduces the course development philosophy, the textbook content, and the features of its compilation.
This paper presents the construction of the “Chemical Biology Experiment”, a core course within the Chemistry “101 Program”. Highlighting the interdisciplinary characteristics of chemical biology, the critical importance of laboratory courses in advancing interdisciplinary research, and the overarching goals of the Chemistry “101 Program”, this paper systematically summarizes and introduces the course development philosophy, the textbook content, and the features of its compilation.
2024, 39(10): 78-83
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408028
Abstract:
This paper, grounded in the objectives and core tasks of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, develops a “discover-and-share” teaching model that integrates the educational principle of “teacher concerns” into a blended teaching approach. The model was applied to the inorganic chemistry course for freshmen in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program at Nanjing University. This paper presents two seminar cases from this model, detailing the implementation steps and overall outcomes. The practice demonstrates that the “discover-and-share” teaching model achieves positive results for freshmen in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program.
This paper, grounded in the objectives and core tasks of the Chemistry “101 Plan”, develops a “discover-and-share” teaching model that integrates the educational principle of “teacher concerns” into a blended teaching approach. The model was applied to the inorganic chemistry course for freshmen in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program at Nanjing University. This paper presents two seminar cases from this model, detailing the implementation steps and overall outcomes. The practice demonstrates that the “discover-and-share” teaching model achieves positive results for freshmen in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program.
2024, 39(10): 84-88
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408027
Abstract:
The design approach for case teaching on carbenes and their complexes integrates basic theory with frontier research. By analyzing and discussing research findings reported in the literatures through fundamental theories, this approach helps students solidify their foundational knowledge while fostering their innovative thinking and capabilities.
The design approach for case teaching on carbenes and their complexes integrates basic theory with frontier research. By analyzing and discussing research findings reported in the literatures through fundamental theories, this approach helps students solidify their foundational knowledge while fostering their innovative thinking and capabilities.
2024, 39(10): 89-95
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409135
Abstract:
Chemical bond theory is a fundamental topic in inorganic chemistry, encompassing a rich array of concepts, from classical covalent bond theory to molecular orbital theory. However, the diversity and inherent limitations of these theories often pose challenges for students, particularly in their study and comprehension. This is especially evident when analyzing compound properties, where different theories may lead to conflicting conclusions. In response to these challenges, this paper emphasizes the core principle of chemical research: the relationship between a material’s structure and its properties, commonly referred to as the “structure-activity relationship”. By introducing the Team-Based Learning (TBL) teaching method, students can develop a comprehensive understanding of chemical bond theory and enhance their ability to interpret, analyze, and solve real-world problems.
Chemical bond theory is a fundamental topic in inorganic chemistry, encompassing a rich array of concepts, from classical covalent bond theory to molecular orbital theory. However, the diversity and inherent limitations of these theories often pose challenges for students, particularly in their study and comprehension. This is especially evident when analyzing compound properties, where different theories may lead to conflicting conclusions. In response to these challenges, this paper emphasizes the core principle of chemical research: the relationship between a material’s structure and its properties, commonly referred to as the “structure-activity relationship”. By introducing the Team-Based Learning (TBL) teaching method, students can develop a comprehensive understanding of chemical bond theory and enhance their ability to interpret, analyze, and solve real-world problems.
2024, 39(10): 96-100
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409036
Abstract:
In response to the elevated requirements of the Chemistry “101 Plan” curriculum and training objectives, a new course titled “Practice and Application of Structural Chemistry” has been developed. This course builds upon the previous “Structural Chemistry Modeling Practices” course and aims to help students better understand and master key concepts in Structural Chemistry, as well as apply fundamental principles to solve practical chemical problems. The course integrates traditional classroom teaching with digital and practical instructional methods to enhance students’ comprehension and proficiency in core knowledge. By establishing a teaching and research community, the course stimulates students’ interest and enthusiasm for scientific exploration and encourages them to aspire to contribute to national scientific and technological innovation. The learner-centered participatory teaching model is employed to foster students’ ability to learn independently.
In response to the elevated requirements of the Chemistry “101 Plan” curriculum and training objectives, a new course titled “Practice and Application of Structural Chemistry” has been developed. This course builds upon the previous “Structural Chemistry Modeling Practices” course and aims to help students better understand and master key concepts in Structural Chemistry, as well as apply fundamental principles to solve practical chemical problems. The course integrates traditional classroom teaching with digital and practical instructional methods to enhance students’ comprehension and proficiency in core knowledge. By establishing a teaching and research community, the course stimulates students’ interest and enthusiasm for scientific exploration and encourages them to aspire to contribute to national scientific and technological innovation. The learner-centered participatory teaching model is employed to foster students’ ability to learn independently.
2024, 39(10): 101-106
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408008
Abstract:
Bioinspired superhydrophobic functional materials represent an emerging interdisciplinary research field that encompasses principles and technologies from various disciplines, including chemistry, materials science, and physics. These materials demonstrate unique application potential in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and drag reduction. While this field is rapidly advancing with continuous new research findings, traditional experimental teaching materials remain relatively outdated and fail to reflect the latest scientific developments and theories in a timely manner. This paper, based on the Ministry of Education’s Chemistry “101 Program” Synthetic Chemistry Experiment Course, introduces cutting-edge research on bioinspired superhydrophobic functional materials and outlines an experimental curriculum designed to cultivate top-tier innovative talents. This approach aims to provide both theoretical and empirical support for teaching practices in this field and enhance the quality of talent development in foundational disciplines.
Bioinspired superhydrophobic functional materials represent an emerging interdisciplinary research field that encompasses principles and technologies from various disciplines, including chemistry, materials science, and physics. These materials demonstrate unique application potential in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and drag reduction. While this field is rapidly advancing with continuous new research findings, traditional experimental teaching materials remain relatively outdated and fail to reflect the latest scientific developments and theories in a timely manner. This paper, based on the Ministry of Education’s Chemistry “101 Program” Synthetic Chemistry Experiment Course, introduces cutting-edge research on bioinspired superhydrophobic functional materials and outlines an experimental curriculum designed to cultivate top-tier innovative talents. This approach aims to provide both theoretical and empirical support for teaching practices in this field and enhance the quality of talent development in foundational disciplines.
2024, 39(10): 107-112
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409032
Abstract:
Chemical measurement experiments is one of the twelve core courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan” of the Ministry of Education, which absorbs and integrates a number of experiments in several chemical laboratory courses. It has a new experimental curriculum architecture. Through this course, students will not only understand the principles of instruments, but also be able to use advanced scientific instruments to measure the structure, properties and performance of matters, and even be able to design and build instruments by themselves. This paper mainly introduces methodologies for improving classroom practice in the chemical measurement experiments course to promote the communication and mutual learning among teachers in classroom teaching practice. These practices may effectively improve the teaching level of chemical measurement experiments in China.
Chemical measurement experiments is one of the twelve core courses of the Chemistry “101 Plan” of the Ministry of Education, which absorbs and integrates a number of experiments in several chemical laboratory courses. It has a new experimental curriculum architecture. Through this course, students will not only understand the principles of instruments, but also be able to use advanced scientific instruments to measure the structure, properties and performance of matters, and even be able to design and build instruments by themselves. This paper mainly introduces methodologies for improving classroom practice in the chemical measurement experiments course to promote the communication and mutual learning among teachers in classroom teaching practice. These practices may effectively improve the teaching level of chemical measurement experiments in China.
2024, 39(10): 113-120
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407111
Abstract:
This report introduces a foundational laboratory experiment that integrates interface chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrumental analysis. It utilizes cutting-edge “liquid gating technology” and is based on the principles and advanced characterization features of the self-developed Liquid Gating Teaching Testing Analyzer (Pressure Threshold Analyzer). The experiment of Liquid Gating Mechanism and Basic Properties Characterization is part of the undergraduate course Chemical Metrology Experiments in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. This study presents innovative teaching models and enhances the course design by incorporating advanced techniques for characterizing interface science within physical chemistry experiments.
This report introduces a foundational laboratory experiment that integrates interface chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrumental analysis. It utilizes cutting-edge “liquid gating technology” and is based on the principles and advanced characterization features of the self-developed Liquid Gating Teaching Testing Analyzer (Pressure Threshold Analyzer). The experiment of Liquid Gating Mechanism and Basic Properties Characterization is part of the undergraduate course Chemical Metrology Experiments in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. This study presents innovative teaching models and enhances the course design by incorporating advanced techniques for characterizing interface science within physical chemistry experiments.
2024, 39(10): 121-127
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403036
Abstract:
This study aims to enhance the connection between laboratory safety and student competency while improving the effectiveness of graduate courses on laboratory safety management standards and training. We propose a case-based teaching method centered on laboratory safety knowledge education. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current state of laboratory safety management course instruction, we introduce several practical reform strategies, including enhancing professional relevance, enriching case content, integrating theory with practice, replicating and deepening knowledge, reforming assessment methods, and emphasizing the evaluation of teaching effectiveness. By organically integrating representative cases with course content, case teaching can become more aligned with practical teaching and student experiences. Utilizing a flipped classroom approach, educators can effectively guide students in perceiving, experiencing, and reflecting on safety concepts through implicit teaching methods, thereby fostering the development of sound safety values among students. Accompanying the reforms in teaching and assessment methods, we aim to implement practical education, creating a comprehensive and multidimensional framework for “Laboratory Safety Management Standards and Training” that facilitates case development and instructional practices, ultimately resulting in a practical, effective, and easily replicable teaching model.
This study aims to enhance the connection between laboratory safety and student competency while improving the effectiveness of graduate courses on laboratory safety management standards and training. We propose a case-based teaching method centered on laboratory safety knowledge education. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current state of laboratory safety management course instruction, we introduce several practical reform strategies, including enhancing professional relevance, enriching case content, integrating theory with practice, replicating and deepening knowledge, reforming assessment methods, and emphasizing the evaluation of teaching effectiveness. By organically integrating representative cases with course content, case teaching can become more aligned with practical teaching and student experiences. Utilizing a flipped classroom approach, educators can effectively guide students in perceiving, experiencing, and reflecting on safety concepts through implicit teaching methods, thereby fostering the development of sound safety values among students. Accompanying the reforms in teaching and assessment methods, we aim to implement practical education, creating a comprehensive and multidimensional framework for “Laboratory Safety Management Standards and Training” that facilitates case development and instructional practices, ultimately resulting in a practical, effective, and easily replicable teaching model.
2024, 39(10): 128-136
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312090
Abstract:
With the continuous development of higher education and the significant investment in talent cultivation and technological advancement by the country, the safety management and proper disposal of laboratory waste in universities have become crucial for the construction of environmentally-friendly and secure campus and the sustainable development of human society. This paper categorizes and describes the characteristics of chemical laboratory waste, and analyzes the current issues in waste management and disposal from five perspectives, extensive coverage, high personnel mobility, diverse and complex waste, insufficient safety and environmental awareness, and inadequate management. By taking into account the specific circumstances of schools, colleges, and local enterprises, a closed-loop management and disposal practice model is proposed, which integrates safety and environmental education, experimental planning, implementation of institutional regulations, and efficient information support, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of laboratory waste.
With the continuous development of higher education and the significant investment in talent cultivation and technological advancement by the country, the safety management and proper disposal of laboratory waste in universities have become crucial for the construction of environmentally-friendly and secure campus and the sustainable development of human society. This paper categorizes and describes the characteristics of chemical laboratory waste, and analyzes the current issues in waste management and disposal from five perspectives, extensive coverage, high personnel mobility, diverse and complex waste, insufficient safety and environmental awareness, and inadequate management. By taking into account the specific circumstances of schools, colleges, and local enterprises, a closed-loop management and disposal practice model is proposed, which integrates safety and environmental education, experimental planning, implementation of institutional regulations, and efficient information support, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of laboratory waste.
2024, 39(10): 137-142
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312079
Abstract:
This study introduces an enhanced approach to the undergraduate inorganic chemistry experiment, "Identification of Mineral Drugs", by selecting six mineral drug powders that are visually similar and predominantly white. Innovatively, a blind-box experiment for the identification for mineral drugs was designed, incorporating content determination to augment the experiment. Moreover, the identification methods for certain ions were optimized. This enhancement enables students to appreciate the practical significance of inorganic chemical reactions in the identification and analysis of drugs, significantly bolstering the ability of undergraduates to adeptly apply physical and chemical reaction principles in addressing practical challenges.
This study introduces an enhanced approach to the undergraduate inorganic chemistry experiment, "Identification of Mineral Drugs", by selecting six mineral drug powders that are visually similar and predominantly white. Innovatively, a blind-box experiment for the identification for mineral drugs was designed, incorporating content determination to augment the experiment. Moreover, the identification methods for certain ions were optimized. This enhancement enables students to appreciate the practical significance of inorganic chemical reactions in the identification and analysis of drugs, significantly bolstering the ability of undergraduates to adeptly apply physical and chemical reaction principles in addressing practical challenges.
2024, 39(10): 143-148
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401038
Abstract:
As university chemistry laboratories continue to evolve, the importance of laboratory management has become increasingly evident. Fine management is an essential approach to enhance laboratory efficiency and safety, ensuring the smooth and secure operation of the facility. By considering the unique characteristics of chemistry experiment teaching and our institution’s teaching practices, we propose the concept of strengthening the refinement and comprehensive management of experiment teaching. This article will explore various aspects, including the current status of laboratory management, the necessity of fine management, the implementation process, and the resulting effects. Fine management focuses on addressing the issues of how to manage, what to manage, and who should be responsible. Implementing fine management practices in the laboratory will contribute to improving the efficacy of laboratory management and further facilitate the cultivation of innovative talents.
As university chemistry laboratories continue to evolve, the importance of laboratory management has become increasingly evident. Fine management is an essential approach to enhance laboratory efficiency and safety, ensuring the smooth and secure operation of the facility. By considering the unique characteristics of chemistry experiment teaching and our institution’s teaching practices, we propose the concept of strengthening the refinement and comprehensive management of experiment teaching. This article will explore various aspects, including the current status of laboratory management, the necessity of fine management, the implementation process, and the resulting effects. Fine management focuses on addressing the issues of how to manage, what to manage, and who should be responsible. Implementing fine management practices in the laboratory will contribute to improving the efficacy of laboratory management and further facilitate the cultivation of innovative talents.
2024, 39(10): 149-155
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402050
Abstract:
A comprehensive organic experiment, focusing on the synthesis and photochromic properties of 3,3-diphenyl-3H-benzo[f]chromene (3H-NP), was developed by incorporating Claisen rearrangement, photochemical reactions, and solid-phase synthesis. The product was synthesized using both liquid-phase and solid-phase methods, and the impact of different synthetic approaches on yield was compared. The photochromic properties of the product were investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. By integrating the scientific research process into teaching practice, this experiment aims to foster scientific literacy and innovation skills among undergraduate students.
A comprehensive organic experiment, focusing on the synthesis and photochromic properties of 3,3-diphenyl-3H-benzo[f]chromene (3H-NP), was developed by incorporating Claisen rearrangement, photochemical reactions, and solid-phase synthesis. The product was synthesized using both liquid-phase and solid-phase methods, and the impact of different synthetic approaches on yield was compared. The photochromic properties of the product were investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. By integrating the scientific research process into teaching practice, this experiment aims to foster scientific literacy and innovation skills among undergraduate students.
2024, 39(10): 156-163
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402053
Abstract:
Digital education plays a crucial role in promoting high-quality educational development, making the construction and application of digital resources particularly important. In the context of digital empowerment, this paper focuses on the construction of digital teaching resources for inorganic and analytical chemistry experimental course. Three aspects are discussed: the creation of a teaching video resource library, the development of a bilingual virtual simulation experiment, and the introduction of high-quality shared resources. These resources are then applied in teaching practice to enrich digital teaching materials, enhance online teaching platforms, and reform blended teaching models. Ultimately, this approach enhances the flexibility of experimental teaching, promotes diverse teaching methods, and improves the effectiveness of teaching.
Digital education plays a crucial role in promoting high-quality educational development, making the construction and application of digital resources particularly important. In the context of digital empowerment, this paper focuses on the construction of digital teaching resources for inorganic and analytical chemistry experimental course. Three aspects are discussed: the creation of a teaching video resource library, the development of a bilingual virtual simulation experiment, and the introduction of high-quality shared resources. These resources are then applied in teaching practice to enrich digital teaching materials, enhance online teaching platforms, and reform blended teaching models. Ultimately, this approach enhances the flexibility of experimental teaching, promotes diverse teaching methods, and improves the effectiveness of teaching.
2024, 39(10): 164-173
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403041
Abstract:
This paper delves into the practicalities of daily teaching management within the organic chemistry basic laboratory at Central South University. It presents a series of refined management reforms and their detailed implementations. By incorporating dynamic digital inventory management for chemicals, strategic partitioned placement of instruments, and a process-oriented approach to hazardous waste handling, we establish a standardized, secure, orderly, and convenient experimental teaching environment for both educators and students. Additionally, the paper innovatively introduces the concept of a “glass instrument claiming station” and implements a laboratory management system that includes “self-inspection”, “platoon leader review”, and three levels of inspection by the laboratory instructor. These measures aim to fully engage students’ initiative and enthusiasm, nurturing a sense of ownership. Consequently, they contribute to enhancing the overall management proficiency and teaching efficacy of the basic organic chemistry laboratory.
This paper delves into the practicalities of daily teaching management within the organic chemistry basic laboratory at Central South University. It presents a series of refined management reforms and their detailed implementations. By incorporating dynamic digital inventory management for chemicals, strategic partitioned placement of instruments, and a process-oriented approach to hazardous waste handling, we establish a standardized, secure, orderly, and convenient experimental teaching environment for both educators and students. Additionally, the paper innovatively introduces the concept of a “glass instrument claiming station” and implements a laboratory management system that includes “self-inspection”, “platoon leader review”, and three levels of inspection by the laboratory instructor. These measures aim to fully engage students’ initiative and enthusiasm, nurturing a sense of ownership. Consequently, they contribute to enhancing the overall management proficiency and teaching efficacy of the basic organic chemistry laboratory.
2024, 39(10): 174-181
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402052
Abstract:
Curriculum ideological and political education is a strategic initiative in higher education to nurture individuals with strong moral character and fulfill the fundamental mission of cultivating talents. This paper focuses on enantiomers and integrates professional knowledge with literary classics, professional ethics, exploratory spirit, innovative research, and national sentiments. It explores the mirror relationship in literary works, the biological activity of enantiomers, and the research of Chinese scientists on asymmetric synthesis. The goal is to establish an organic chemistry curriculum that synergizes intellectual and moral education, aiming to develop students’ professional skills and enhance their ideological and moral qualities, ultimately nurturing chemists who possess both talent and integrity.
Curriculum ideological and political education is a strategic initiative in higher education to nurture individuals with strong moral character and fulfill the fundamental mission of cultivating talents. This paper focuses on enantiomers and integrates professional knowledge with literary classics, professional ethics, exploratory spirit, innovative research, and national sentiments. It explores the mirror relationship in literary works, the biological activity of enantiomers, and the research of Chinese scientists on asymmetric synthesis. The goal is to establish an organic chemistry curriculum that synergizes intellectual and moral education, aiming to develop students’ professional skills and enhance their ideological and moral qualities, ultimately nurturing chemists who possess both talent and integrity.
2024, 39(10): 182-188
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401036
Abstract:
This paper reviews the development process of standards related to the storage of hazardous chemicals in China and examines the modernization of safety infrastructure in university depots. It proposes a framework for safety facility configuration based on three aspects: hydroelectric and lighting equipment, monitoring system, and ventilation system. The chemicals are categorized into four types of depots: conventional, precursor, potential explosive, and highly toxic. For each category, specific safety configuration plans are suggested to enhance the construction and management of safety facilities in domestic university chemical depots.
This paper reviews the development process of standards related to the storage of hazardous chemicals in China and examines the modernization of safety infrastructure in university depots. It proposes a framework for safety facility configuration based on three aspects: hydroelectric and lighting equipment, monitoring system, and ventilation system. The chemicals are categorized into four types of depots: conventional, precursor, potential explosive, and highly toxic. For each category, specific safety configuration plans are suggested to enhance the construction and management of safety facilities in domestic university chemical depots.
2024, 39(10): 189-194
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403042
Abstract:
Traditional basic chemistry experimental courses suffer from various issues, such as a lack of laboratory safety education, limited teaching methods, outdated curriculum content, and a disproportionate focus on theory over practical skills. Laboratory skill competitions can invigorate and guide the reform of basic chemistry experimental courses, while also enabling personalized teaching methods and enhancing students’ psychological aptitude. In recent years, our college has successfully utilized laboratory skill competitions to promote the reform of basic chemistry experimental courses, yielding positive outcomes. We hope that our experiences can serve as valuable references for the reformation of basic chemistry experiment courses in higher education institutions.
Traditional basic chemistry experimental courses suffer from various issues, such as a lack of laboratory safety education, limited teaching methods, outdated curriculum content, and a disproportionate focus on theory over practical skills. Laboratory skill competitions can invigorate and guide the reform of basic chemistry experimental courses, while also enabling personalized teaching methods and enhancing students’ psychological aptitude. In recent years, our college has successfully utilized laboratory skill competitions to promote the reform of basic chemistry experimental courses, yielding positive outcomes. We hope that our experiences can serve as valuable references for the reformation of basic chemistry experiment courses in higher education institutions.
2024, 39(10): 195-202
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401078
Abstract:
The reform of the chemistry comprehensive experiment course under professional certification background plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of practical courses in chemistry majors. Shangluo University’s chemistry major comprehensive experiment course, aligned with the distinctive features of comprehensive chemical experiments and the requirements of professional certification, has bolstered students’ capacity for independent inquiry and experimentation. This was achieved through the integration and refinement of experimental teaching content, augmentation of teaching resources, innovation in teaching methodologies, and the establishment of a multifaceted instructional model and assessment framework guided by core competencies. Consequently, it fosters meaningful interactions among faculty and students, as well as peer-to-peer engagement, thereby facilitating the enhancement and cultivation of students’ core competencies.
The reform of the chemistry comprehensive experiment course under professional certification background plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of practical courses in chemistry majors. Shangluo University’s chemistry major comprehensive experiment course, aligned with the distinctive features of comprehensive chemical experiments and the requirements of professional certification, has bolstered students’ capacity for independent inquiry and experimentation. This was achieved through the integration and refinement of experimental teaching content, augmentation of teaching resources, innovation in teaching methodologies, and the establishment of a multifaceted instructional model and assessment framework guided by core competencies. Consequently, it fosters meaningful interactions among faculty and students, as well as peer-to-peer engagement, thereby facilitating the enhancement and cultivation of students’ core competencies.
2024, 39(10): 203-209
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404114
Abstract:
In recent years, the updating of inorganic chemistry experimental course content and the multi-dimensional informatization of teaching resources have necessitated urgent reforms in student performance evaluation methods. This paper presents an overview of the development of the inorganic chemistry experimental course at Tianjin University, elucidates the necessity for reforming student performance assessment methods, and summarizes the practical measures and outcomes of these reforms. Additionally, the paper identifies existing shortcomings and offers plans for future improvements, serving as a reference for educators in similar fields.
In recent years, the updating of inorganic chemistry experimental course content and the multi-dimensional informatization of teaching resources have necessitated urgent reforms in student performance evaluation methods. This paper presents an overview of the development of the inorganic chemistry experimental course at Tianjin University, elucidates the necessity for reforming student performance assessment methods, and summarizes the practical measures and outcomes of these reforms. Additionally, the paper identifies existing shortcomings and offers plans for future improvements, serving as a reference for educators in similar fields.
2024, 39(10): 210-218
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404027
Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive experimental project in polymer chemistry, centered on polyimide aerogels. The project encompasses the synthesis, structural characterization, mechanical property evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulations of aerogels. Emphasis is placed on the application of interdisciplinary knowledge and innovative experimental design. The educational framework adheres to an “Inspiration-Design-Experiment-Insight” research exploration model. This model begins by igniting students’ interest in research, progresses through the design of experimental plans, proceeds to the execution of experimental procedures, and culminates in the analysis of results and the derivation of insights. The objective is to incrementally deepen students’ understanding of chemistry and polymer science, foster innovation and research interest, and develop scientific thinking and literacy.
This study presents a comprehensive experimental project in polymer chemistry, centered on polyimide aerogels. The project encompasses the synthesis, structural characterization, mechanical property evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulations of aerogels. Emphasis is placed on the application of interdisciplinary knowledge and innovative experimental design. The educational framework adheres to an “Inspiration-Design-Experiment-Insight” research exploration model. This model begins by igniting students’ interest in research, progresses through the design of experimental plans, proceeds to the execution of experimental procedures, and culminates in the analysis of results and the derivation of insights. The objective is to incrementally deepen students’ understanding of chemistry and polymer science, foster innovation and research interest, and develop scientific thinking and literacy.
2024, 39(10): 219-228
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404067
Abstract:
This study implements research-oriented comprehensive chemistry laboratory teaching by combining fundamental education with scientific research training, thus enhancing talent development and promoting educational reform harmoniously. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using straightforward inorganic chemical reactions, with the color of the resulting silver nanocolloid solution controlled by varying the bromine/silver ratio. This introduction of surface plasmon resonance characteristics into the experimental curriculum increases the experiment’s engagement. The chemical activity of the silver nanoparticles was verified using the classic p-nitrophenol catalytic reaction model. Results indicated that the silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic performance, approximating first-order reaction kinetics. Additionally, a simple pollutant degradation reactor was constructed using standard laboratory glassware, and homemade silver-embedded filter paper was used for over ten cycles of degradation, achieving a degradation rate of up to 90%.
This study implements research-oriented comprehensive chemistry laboratory teaching by combining fundamental education with scientific research training, thus enhancing talent development and promoting educational reform harmoniously. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using straightforward inorganic chemical reactions, with the color of the resulting silver nanocolloid solution controlled by varying the bromine/silver ratio. This introduction of surface plasmon resonance characteristics into the experimental curriculum increases the experiment’s engagement. The chemical activity of the silver nanoparticles was verified using the classic p-nitrophenol catalytic reaction model. Results indicated that the silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic performance, approximating first-order reaction kinetics. Additionally, a simple pollutant degradation reactor was constructed using standard laboratory glassware, and homemade silver-embedded filter paper was used for over ten cycles of degradation, achieving a degradation rate of up to 90%.
2024, 39(10): 229-235
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403078
Abstract:
Laboratory safety is a crucial foundation for talent cultivation and scientific innovation in universities. However, the management of hazardous chemicals remains a significant weak point in university laboratory safety. This paper analyzes the current state of hazardous chemical management in university laboratories and proposes feasible measures to enhance this management. These measures include safety education and access control, the establishment of a robust laboratory safety culture, and the implementation of full life cycle traceability management for hazardous chemicals. The goal is to further standardize hazardous chemical safety management in university laboratories, mitigate safety risks, and ensure the smooth operation of these facilities.
Laboratory safety is a crucial foundation for talent cultivation and scientific innovation in universities. However, the management of hazardous chemicals remains a significant weak point in university laboratory safety. This paper analyzes the current state of hazardous chemical management in university laboratories and proposes feasible measures to enhance this management. These measures include safety education and access control, the establishment of a robust laboratory safety culture, and the implementation of full life cycle traceability management for hazardous chemicals. The goal is to further standardize hazardous chemical safety management in university laboratories, mitigate safety risks, and ensure the smooth operation of these facilities.
2024, 39(10): 236-241
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404108
Abstract:
The “Chemistry Research Training II” course is a mandatory course for senior students in the Department of Chemistry at Tianjin University. This course introduces an innovative “self-directed learning” model where students form teams based on their interests and strengths, select their research topics, and design their own research plans. Under the guidance of instructors, students conduct exploratory research and their performance is evaluated through group presentations and peer reviews. The course is highly praised by students for its rich content and novel teaching methods. This course explores new teaching models, enhances students’ research and practical skills, and makes a valuable contribution to the cultivation of top-tier innovative talents.
The “Chemistry Research Training II” course is a mandatory course for senior students in the Department of Chemistry at Tianjin University. This course introduces an innovative “self-directed learning” model where students form teams based on their interests and strengths, select their research topics, and design their own research plans. Under the guidance of instructors, students conduct exploratory research and their performance is evaluated through group presentations and peer reviews. The course is highly praised by students for its rich content and novel teaching methods. This course explores new teaching models, enhances students’ research and practical skills, and makes a valuable contribution to the cultivation of top-tier innovative talents.
2024, 39(10): 242-248
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404064
Abstract:
This paper explores the integration of ideological and political education into public elective courses, specifically focusing on the “Life Chemistry Experiment” course. By adopting the “ideological and political education in courses” philosophy, the study examines the design, teaching practices, and evaluation methods for incorporating such education into the course. Emphasizing innovative and green education concepts, it aims to stimulate students’ interest and patriotism, ensuring that ideological and political guidance permeates the entire educational process. This approach achieves the dual goals of imparting knowledge and fostering moral development, contributing significantly to the comprehensive development of students.
This paper explores the integration of ideological and political education into public elective courses, specifically focusing on the “Life Chemistry Experiment” course. By adopting the “ideological and political education in courses” philosophy, the study examines the design, teaching practices, and evaluation methods for incorporating such education into the course. Emphasizing innovative and green education concepts, it aims to stimulate students’ interest and patriotism, ensuring that ideological and political guidance permeates the entire educational process. This approach achieves the dual goals of imparting knowledge and fostering moral development, contributing significantly to the comprehensive development of students.
2024, 39(10): 249-254
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404023
Abstract:
In order to strengthen the personalized training of top talents for undergraduate students and transform high-level scientific research resources into teaching resources for talent training, Beihang University has set up the “Scientific Research Classroom” micro-project design experiment course integrating science and education. This paper takes the micro-project “Synthesis of metal oxide sub-1 nm nanomaterials and their application in battery energy storage” as an example, carries out practice and exploration from teaching methods, course content, grade assessment and student feedback. By giving full play to the advantages of teachers’ guidance and students’ main body, the implementation of research type teaching model provides beneficial reference for expanding undergraduates’ scientific research thinking, stimulating scientific research interest and enhancing scientific research innovation ability.
In order to strengthen the personalized training of top talents for undergraduate students and transform high-level scientific research resources into teaching resources for talent training, Beihang University has set up the “Scientific Research Classroom” micro-project design experiment course integrating science and education. This paper takes the micro-project “Synthesis of metal oxide sub-1 nm nanomaterials and their application in battery energy storage” as an example, carries out practice and exploration from teaching methods, course content, grade assessment and student feedback. By giving full play to the advantages of teachers’ guidance and students’ main body, the implementation of research type teaching model provides beneficial reference for expanding undergraduates’ scientific research thinking, stimulating scientific research interest and enhancing scientific research innovation ability.
2024, 39(10): 255-260
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404105
Abstract:
This study employs flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to quantify the potassium ion content in discarded tobacco stem ash. The results are compared with the potassium levels in other common crops, offering potential solutions for the reutilization of tobacco waste. The independently designed experiments aim to cultivate students’ abilities in critical thinking and practical problem-solving, reinforcing the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This approach enhances students’ understanding of energy and environmental issues, maximizing the educational value of both theoretical and practical learning.
This study employs flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to quantify the potassium ion content in discarded tobacco stem ash. The results are compared with the potassium levels in other common crops, offering potential solutions for the reutilization of tobacco waste. The independently designed experiments aim to cultivate students’ abilities in critical thinking and practical problem-solving, reinforcing the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This approach enhances students’ understanding of energy and environmental issues, maximizing the educational value of both theoretical and practical learning.
2024, 39(10): 261-270
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404007
Abstract:
The integration of digital technology into everyday life has been a long-standing human pursuit. Currently, wearable electronic skins emerged as a transformative innovation have been widely used in human motion monitoring, healthcare, and artificial intelligence. To explore an interdisciplinary talent cultivation model that merges chemistry, chemical engineering, and biomedical sciences, gellan gum/polyacrylamide dual network hydrogel was fabricated and applied as flexible sensor to monitor human movement and physiological signals. The experiment combines the published research work in our group with undergraduate teaching experiments, and introduces the E-skin to students from preparation method to its practical application, stimulating students’ interests in learning and innovation.
The integration of digital technology into everyday life has been a long-standing human pursuit. Currently, wearable electronic skins emerged as a transformative innovation have been widely used in human motion monitoring, healthcare, and artificial intelligence. To explore an interdisciplinary talent cultivation model that merges chemistry, chemical engineering, and biomedical sciences, gellan gum/polyacrylamide dual network hydrogel was fabricated and applied as flexible sensor to monitor human movement and physiological signals. The experiment combines the published research work in our group with undergraduate teaching experiments, and introduces the E-skin to students from preparation method to its practical application, stimulating students’ interests in learning and innovation.
2024, 39(10): 271-282
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404121
Abstract:
In recent years, research in organic electronics, a burgeoning interdisciplinary field, has seen significant growth. Organic electronics aims to use organic materials to manufacture more flexible, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective electronic devices for applications in display technology, optoelectronics, energy conversion, and other fields. To enhance undergraduate students’ understanding of organic electronics, this experimental teaching plan centers on the commonly used organic polymer P3HT. Using a spin coater, students prepare and modify active layers, then characterize the surface morphology of these films with a step profiler, optical microscope, and atomic force microscope. Conductivity testing of the devices is performed using a probe station. Comprehensive and standardized protective measures ensure safety throughout the experimental process. Additionally, the experiment incorporates fundamental techniques and the use of various instruments, fostering students’ practical skills and scientific literacy. This experiment aims to ignite undergraduates’ interest in the forefront of organic electronics through hands-on preparation, modification, and characterization of organic polymer films, thereby enhancing their innovative thinking and overall competencies.
In recent years, research in organic electronics, a burgeoning interdisciplinary field, has seen significant growth. Organic electronics aims to use organic materials to manufacture more flexible, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective electronic devices for applications in display technology, optoelectronics, energy conversion, and other fields. To enhance undergraduate students’ understanding of organic electronics, this experimental teaching plan centers on the commonly used organic polymer P3HT. Using a spin coater, students prepare and modify active layers, then characterize the surface morphology of these films with a step profiler, optical microscope, and atomic force microscope. Conductivity testing of the devices is performed using a probe station. Comprehensive and standardized protective measures ensure safety throughout the experimental process. Additionally, the experiment incorporates fundamental techniques and the use of various instruments, fostering students’ practical skills and scientific literacy. This experiment aims to ignite undergraduates’ interest in the forefront of organic electronics through hands-on preparation, modification, and characterization of organic polymer films, thereby enhancing their innovative thinking and overall competencies.
2024, 39(10): 283-288
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404068
Abstract:
A well-designed experiment allows students to better understand chemical principles through observable phenomena. This study investigates the reaction between potassium permanganate and potassium bromide under two different conditions: identical setups as found in standard textbooks and varying pH ranges. The results indicate that potassium bromide reduces potassium permanganate in two distinct steps in the pH range 1.95–0.98, with the reduction products being influenced by the pH of the solution. The critical pH for the spontaneous occurrence of the second step is 1.21, which is close to the theoretical value of 1.36. Based on these findings, two recommendations are provided to further refine the experimental design by verifying the impact of acidity on reaction rates.
A well-designed experiment allows students to better understand chemical principles through observable phenomena. This study investigates the reaction between potassium permanganate and potassium bromide under two different conditions: identical setups as found in standard textbooks and varying pH ranges. The results indicate that potassium bromide reduces potassium permanganate in two distinct steps in the pH range 1.95–0.98, with the reduction products being influenced by the pH of the solution. The critical pH for the spontaneous occurrence of the second step is 1.21, which is close to the theoretical value of 1.36. Based on these findings, two recommendations are provided to further refine the experimental design by verifying the impact of acidity on reaction rates.
2024, 39(10): 289-298
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403022
Abstract:
University laboratories serve as crucial platforms for experimental teaching, scientific research, and practical education, tasked with the dual responsibilities of talent cultivation and contributing to national advancements in science and technology. The complexities, unique characteristics, and inherent risks of experimental environments, particularly regarding the use of hazardous chemicals, have emerged as significant contributors to experimental safety incidents and pose major hidden dangers. Consequently, the management and safety of laboratory environments have become central to university safety initiatives. This article examines the safety management and practical application of hazardous chemicals in universities, emphasizing the cultivation of applied talents in experimental safety disciplines, while taking into account the specific contexts of schools and colleges. It explores three key areas: the establishment of a hazardous chemical safety management system, optimization of safety prevention mechanisms, and the exploration of talent cultivation models that integrate industry and education. The study presents a comprehensive strategy for hazardous chemical management that encompasses safety education, a responsibility framework, an information resource library and management platform, as well as protocols for storage, usage, and emergency response. Additionally, through collaboration with enterprises in school-enterprise partnerships and practical training, we propose an educational model designed to enhance students’ practical innovation capabilities and foster the development of applied professionals in chemistry and chemical engineering. This research aims to provide insights for the reform of hazardous chemical safety management and the cultivation of innovative talent in university laboratories.
University laboratories serve as crucial platforms for experimental teaching, scientific research, and practical education, tasked with the dual responsibilities of talent cultivation and contributing to national advancements in science and technology. The complexities, unique characteristics, and inherent risks of experimental environments, particularly regarding the use of hazardous chemicals, have emerged as significant contributors to experimental safety incidents and pose major hidden dangers. Consequently, the management and safety of laboratory environments have become central to university safety initiatives. This article examines the safety management and practical application of hazardous chemicals in universities, emphasizing the cultivation of applied talents in experimental safety disciplines, while taking into account the specific contexts of schools and colleges. It explores three key areas: the establishment of a hazardous chemical safety management system, optimization of safety prevention mechanisms, and the exploration of talent cultivation models that integrate industry and education. The study presents a comprehensive strategy for hazardous chemical management that encompasses safety education, a responsibility framework, an information resource library and management platform, as well as protocols for storage, usage, and emergency response. Additionally, through collaboration with enterprises in school-enterprise partnerships and practical training, we propose an educational model designed to enhance students’ practical innovation capabilities and foster the development of applied professionals in chemistry and chemical engineering. This research aims to provide insights for the reform of hazardous chemical safety management and the cultivation of innovative talent in university laboratories.
2024, 39(10): 299-307
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405002
Abstract:
The “Specialized Experiment” courses plays a connecting role between basic experiments and scientific research experiments. The experimental teaching mode of integrating science and education with “five measures” is applied to the curriculum construction of “Specialized Experiment”. The teaching reform is carried out from the aspects of improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education, re-integrating teaching projects, strengthening the foundation of scientific research habits, strengthening the practice of teaching links, and promoting innovation with experimental results. With ideological and political guidance as the basis and the integration of science and education as the soul, we develop comprehensive and exploratory experimental projects, cultivate good experimental habits, and integrate into the discussion-type experiment process. Finally, the students’ scientific literacy has been cultivated, the students' innovation consciousness and innovation ability have been improved, and the results of moral cultivation and education have been effectively enhanced.
The “Specialized Experiment” courses plays a connecting role between basic experiments and scientific research experiments. The experimental teaching mode of integrating science and education with “five measures” is applied to the curriculum construction of “Specialized Experiment”. The teaching reform is carried out from the aspects of improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education, re-integrating teaching projects, strengthening the foundation of scientific research habits, strengthening the practice of teaching links, and promoting innovation with experimental results. With ideological and political guidance as the basis and the integration of science and education as the soul, we develop comprehensive and exploratory experimental projects, cultivate good experimental habits, and integrate into the discussion-type experiment process. Finally, the students’ scientific literacy has been cultivated, the students' innovation consciousness and innovation ability have been improved, and the results of moral cultivation and education have been effectively enhanced.
2024, 39(10): 308-313
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405035
Abstract:
This paper builds on practical experience in teaching chemical engineering principles by incorporating cutting-edge research achievements into the curriculum. It outlines the development of specialized experiments, exploratory and discussion-based experiments, and original experiment designs to create rich experimental resources and distinctive courses and textbooks that support the cultivation of innovative talents. By engaging in research-oriented experiments, students can deepen their theoretical understanding of chemical engineering principles, expand their academic horizons in cutting-edge research, and foster a strong interest in scientific inquiry. This approach enhances their independent learning capabilities and improves their innovative abilities.
This paper builds on practical experience in teaching chemical engineering principles by incorporating cutting-edge research achievements into the curriculum. It outlines the development of specialized experiments, exploratory and discussion-based experiments, and original experiment designs to create rich experimental resources and distinctive courses and textbooks that support the cultivation of innovative talents. By engaging in research-oriented experiments, students can deepen their theoretical understanding of chemical engineering principles, expand their academic horizons in cutting-edge research, and foster a strong interest in scientific inquiry. This approach enhances their independent learning capabilities and improves their innovative abilities.
2024, 39(10): 314-317
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405071
Abstract:
This paper addresses the deficiencies in the current chemical engineering talent training system by leveraging virtual simulation technology. Guided by the principles of “integration of virtual and real, mutual enhancement, and practicality over mere simulation”, we propose the establishment of an “open” and “one-stop” three-tiered experimental practice platform encompassing “professional teaching, scientific research, and employment practice”. This platform aims to provide a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application through virtual resources, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching, boosting comprehensive practical skills, and cultivating versatile application-oriented talents in chemistry and chemical engineering.
This paper addresses the deficiencies in the current chemical engineering talent training system by leveraging virtual simulation technology. Guided by the principles of “integration of virtual and real, mutual enhancement, and practicality over mere simulation”, we propose the establishment of an “open” and “one-stop” three-tiered experimental practice platform encompassing “professional teaching, scientific research, and employment practice”. This platform aims to provide a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application through virtual resources, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching, boosting comprehensive practical skills, and cultivating versatile application-oriented talents in chemistry and chemical engineering.
2024, 39(10): 318-324
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405132
Abstract:
Basic chemistry experiments cater to students across various disciplines, including chemistry and related fields. A large number of students from different majors, coupled with a diverse range of instruments and reagents, present laboratory technicians with great challenges in ensuring efficient preparatory work. Scientific and meticulous preparation not only reduces labor intensity and improves work efficiency but also plays a crucial role in supporting experimental teaching and enhancing overall teaching quality. This paper outlines a series of refined strategies implemented in the preparatory work for basic chemistry experiments at Wuhan University, providing specific examples to illustrate the meticulous implementation of these practices for wide application.
Basic chemistry experiments cater to students across various disciplines, including chemistry and related fields. A large number of students from different majors, coupled with a diverse range of instruments and reagents, present laboratory technicians with great challenges in ensuring efficient preparatory work. Scientific and meticulous preparation not only reduces labor intensity and improves work efficiency but also plays a crucial role in supporting experimental teaching and enhancing overall teaching quality. This paper outlines a series of refined strategies implemented in the preparatory work for basic chemistry experiments at Wuhan University, providing specific examples to illustrate the meticulous implementation of these practices for wide application.
2024, 39(10): 325-329
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405046
Abstract:
The chemical experiment “Preparation of Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate” generates waste gases, which pose environmental pollution and health risks. This paper explores the greening of this experiment’s teaching by optimizing the reaction system. The open apparatus is transformed into a closed system, allowing for the absorption of exhaust gases, thereby achieving zero emissions and fulfilling green chemistry requirements. The implementation of green teaching in this experiment is significant for stimulating students’ exploratory spirit, enhancing their practical skills, increasing their environmental awareness, and fostering teamwork.
The chemical experiment “Preparation of Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate” generates waste gases, which pose environmental pollution and health risks. This paper explores the greening of this experiment’s teaching by optimizing the reaction system. The open apparatus is transformed into a closed system, allowing for the absorption of exhaust gases, thereby achieving zero emissions and fulfilling green chemistry requirements. The implementation of green teaching in this experiment is significant for stimulating students’ exploratory spirit, enhancing their practical skills, increasing their environmental awareness, and fostering teamwork.
2024, 39(10): 330-336
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404127
Abstract:
Laboratory safety is an important prerequisite for the effective conduct of practical teaching and scientific research activities. At present, the safety accidents of chemical laboratory in China occur frequently, reflecting the safety education was fragmented, superficial, and marginalized. It is imperative to strengthen safety education for laboratory personnel. This paper analyzes the current state of safety education in laboratories and proposes a safety education system based on “teaching-examination linkage” structured around three key components: safety theory instruction, safety practice training, and safety education assessment. This approach facilitates regular, diversified, and whole-process safety education, significantly enhancing students’ safety awareness and competency, fostering a harmonious campus environment, and providing a valuable reference for laboratory safety education in other colleges and universities.
Laboratory safety is an important prerequisite for the effective conduct of practical teaching and scientific research activities. At present, the safety accidents of chemical laboratory in China occur frequently, reflecting the safety education was fragmented, superficial, and marginalized. It is imperative to strengthen safety education for laboratory personnel. This paper analyzes the current state of safety education in laboratories and proposes a safety education system based on “teaching-examination linkage” structured around three key components: safety theory instruction, safety practice training, and safety education assessment. This approach facilitates regular, diversified, and whole-process safety education, significantly enhancing students’ safety awareness and competency, fostering a harmonious campus environment, and providing a valuable reference for laboratory safety education in other colleges and universities.
2024, 39(10): 337-343
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405112
Abstract:
To comprehensively promote the integration of science and education and the reform of chemical experimental teaching, this article introduces the concept of "science, technology and society (STS)" in comprehensive chemical experiments to develop undergraduate experimental teaching through the form of "projects" and taking the experiment of Au nanoparticles as an example. By integrating scientific research methods and technology into undergraduate teaching, the students can master scientific research methods and the latest scientific technologies and acquire their ability of scientific research, finally achieve the sense of achievement in the application of science and technology in society.
To comprehensively promote the integration of science and education and the reform of chemical experimental teaching, this article introduces the concept of "science, technology and society (STS)" in comprehensive chemical experiments to develop undergraduate experimental teaching through the form of "projects" and taking the experiment of Au nanoparticles as an example. By integrating scientific research methods and technology into undergraduate teaching, the students can master scientific research methods and the latest scientific technologies and acquire their ability of scientific research, finally achieve the sense of achievement in the application of science and technology in society.
2024, 39(10): 344-352
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405063
Abstract:
To address the gap in undergraduate experimental teaching regarding safe and effective electrophilic fluorination, we have developed a comprehensive chemical experiment focused on the synthesis and characterization of fluorine-containing fine chemical intermediates. The experiment utilizes N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst and 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) salt (Selectfluor) as an electrophilic fluorination reagent. This approach enables highly selective electrophilic fluorination of the tetrahydroquinoline aromatic ring under mild conditions, with the product characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The experiment provides a comprehensive training platform for students, enhancing their theoretical understanding and experimental skills in organic synthesis, separation and purification, and structural characterization. It embodies the elements of comprehensiveness, innovation, and practical application, aligning with the development goals of the fine chemical engineering curriculum. Through this experimental module, students gain hands-on experience in the preparation of fluorine-containing fine chemicals, broaden their professional perspectives, and develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a mindset oriented towards scientific research and innovation.
To address the gap in undergraduate experimental teaching regarding safe and effective electrophilic fluorination, we have developed a comprehensive chemical experiment focused on the synthesis and characterization of fluorine-containing fine chemical intermediates. The experiment utilizes N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst and 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) salt (Selectfluor) as an electrophilic fluorination reagent. This approach enables highly selective electrophilic fluorination of the tetrahydroquinoline aromatic ring under mild conditions, with the product characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The experiment provides a comprehensive training platform for students, enhancing their theoretical understanding and experimental skills in organic synthesis, separation and purification, and structural characterization. It embodies the elements of comprehensiveness, innovation, and practical application, aligning with the development goals of the fine chemical engineering curriculum. Through this experimental module, students gain hands-on experience in the preparation of fluorine-containing fine chemicals, broaden their professional perspectives, and develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a mindset oriented towards scientific research and innovation.
2024, 39(10): 353-360
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406080
Abstract:
This paper addresses key challenges in traditional laboratory management, including outdated models, inefficient use of experimental equipment and funds, incomplete mechanisms for openness and sharing, inadequate safety management frameworks, and the lack of professional skills among laboratory personnel. It critically examines the limitations of the current management model for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) chemistry laboratories. In the context of the “Internet + TCM” era, the study explores the implementation of a smart laboratory management system, aiming to enhance resource sharing, elevate the management standards of TCM chemistry laboratories in academic institutions, and provide reference strategies for further optimization.
This paper addresses key challenges in traditional laboratory management, including outdated models, inefficient use of experimental equipment and funds, incomplete mechanisms for openness and sharing, inadequate safety management frameworks, and the lack of professional skills among laboratory personnel. It critically examines the limitations of the current management model for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) chemistry laboratories. In the context of the “Internet + TCM” era, the study explores the implementation of a smart laboratory management system, aiming to enhance resource sharing, elevate the management standards of TCM chemistry laboratories in academic institutions, and provide reference strategies for further optimization.
2024, 39(10): 361-368
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311007
Abstract:
In response to the problems of insufficient consideration of social development needs and lack of the support for graduation requirements in setting course objectives and teaching goals, as well as the failure to effectively paly the guidance function of teaching objectives and to develop the integration of teaching, learning, and evaluation closely around goals in universities, the college of chemistry and chemical engineering at Linyi University has boldly reformed. These reformations are based on the demands of chemical industry and the reformation of chemistry education in middle school, as well as the graduation requirements and the characteristics of structural chemistry. Reasonable course objectives and teaching goals have been formulated, the teaching mode of “Teaching-learning-assessment integration” has been constructed, and a rich database of case studies has been generated. Through the deep integration of teaching, learning, and assessment, it has achieved teaching goals and fulfilled course objectives. Better support for graduation requirements and better adaption to the needs of industry development have been achieved, and satisfactory results have been yielded.
In response to the problems of insufficient consideration of social development needs and lack of the support for graduation requirements in setting course objectives and teaching goals, as well as the failure to effectively paly the guidance function of teaching objectives and to develop the integration of teaching, learning, and evaluation closely around goals in universities, the college of chemistry and chemical engineering at Linyi University has boldly reformed. These reformations are based on the demands of chemical industry and the reformation of chemistry education in middle school, as well as the graduation requirements and the characteristics of structural chemistry. Reasonable course objectives and teaching goals have been formulated, the teaching mode of “Teaching-learning-assessment integration” has been constructed, and a rich database of case studies has been generated. Through the deep integration of teaching, learning, and assessment, it has achieved teaching goals and fulfilled course objectives. Better support for graduation requirements and better adaption to the needs of industry development have been achieved, and satisfactory results have been yielded.
2024, 39(10): 369-376
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202310027
Abstract:
Innovating classroom teaching models to enhance the multi-dimensional educational functions of courses is a primary focus of contemporary university curriculum reforms. In our teaching design of inorganic chemistry courses, we leverage top-tier national online course resources and integrate industry, academia, and research in designing course contents and teaching problems. We employ a problem-driven teaching approach that encourages students to engage in deep thinking, facilitating knowledge acquisition, integrating theory with practice, fostering comprehensive skills development, and cultivating literacy in chemistry.
Innovating classroom teaching models to enhance the multi-dimensional educational functions of courses is a primary focus of contemporary university curriculum reforms. In our teaching design of inorganic chemistry courses, we leverage top-tier national online course resources and integrate industry, academia, and research in designing course contents and teaching problems. We employ a problem-driven teaching approach that encourages students to engage in deep thinking, facilitating knowledge acquisition, integrating theory with practice, fostering comprehensive skills development, and cultivating literacy in chemistry.
2024, 39(10): 377-388
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202312067
Abstract:
Chemistry History and Methodology, as an elective course within the chemistry major, carries significant educational responsibilities. To explore the synergistic educational function of Chemistry History and Methodology in the context of the new era, this paper delves into the ideological and political elements inherent in the course. Building upon the foundational significance and integration of Chemistry History and Methodology into ideological and political education, the paper focuses on the case study of “China’s Chemical Industry Pioneers” within the specialized topic of Chemistry History and Methodology at Anhui Normal University. This case study, rooted in the spirit of scientists, serves as a basis for the development and practical implementation of ideological and political teaching within the course. Both questionnaire surveys and interviews indicate that this approach has yielded favorable teaching outcomes.
Chemistry History and Methodology, as an elective course within the chemistry major, carries significant educational responsibilities. To explore the synergistic educational function of Chemistry History and Methodology in the context of the new era, this paper delves into the ideological and political elements inherent in the course. Building upon the foundational significance and integration of Chemistry History and Methodology into ideological and political education, the paper focuses on the case study of “China’s Chemical Industry Pioneers” within the specialized topic of Chemistry History and Methodology at Anhui Normal University. This case study, rooted in the spirit of scientists, serves as a basis for the development and practical implementation of ideological and political teaching within the course. Both questionnaire surveys and interviews indicate that this approach has yielded favorable teaching outcomes.
2024, 39(10): 389-395
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402025
Abstract:
The construction of first-class undergraduate courses is an important measure taken by the Ministry of Education to reform higher education. By creating “golden courses”, it deepens the classroom teaching reform, innovates teaching methods, and enhances educational concepts. On the basis of analyzing the difficulties in reform, the construction team of the national first-class undergraduate offline course “Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory” at Hengyang Normal University has explored seven aspects of course objectives, teaching content, ideological and political education, teaching resources, teaching teams, teaching methods, and course evaluation. They have summarized and extracted the characteristics and innovations of course construction, in order to provide a reference for similar course construction in China.
The construction of first-class undergraduate courses is an important measure taken by the Ministry of Education to reform higher education. By creating “golden courses”, it deepens the classroom teaching reform, innovates teaching methods, and enhances educational concepts. On the basis of analyzing the difficulties in reform, the construction team of the national first-class undergraduate offline course “Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory” at Hengyang Normal University has explored seven aspects of course objectives, teaching content, ideological and political education, teaching resources, teaching teams, teaching methods, and course evaluation. They have summarized and extracted the characteristics and innovations of course construction, in order to provide a reference for similar course construction in China.
2024, 39(10): 396-401
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404028
Abstract:
General education is integral to higher education, fostering comprehensive development in students. “Kitchen Chemistry” is a novel general education course in theoretical and experimental chemistry designed for undergraduate students at our university. The content of the course integrates academic knowledge and aligns closely with daily life, which is informative and entertaining. It features a multi-dimensional assessment system emphasizing process-oriented evaluation and comprehensive skill assessment, including peer evaluations. This course effectively ignites student interest in chemistry, enhances their chemical literacy, strengthens their overall capabilities, and contributes to advancing science education, achieving excellent teaching results.
General education is integral to higher education, fostering comprehensive development in students. “Kitchen Chemistry” is a novel general education course in theoretical and experimental chemistry designed for undergraduate students at our university. The content of the course integrates academic knowledge and aligns closely with daily life, which is informative and entertaining. It features a multi-dimensional assessment system emphasizing process-oriented evaluation and comprehensive skill assessment, including peer evaluations. This course effectively ignites student interest in chemistry, enhances their chemical literacy, strengthens their overall capabilities, and contributes to advancing science education, achieving excellent teaching results.
2024, 39(10): 402-407
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403075
Abstract:
As artificial intelligence (AI) technology continues to develop rapidly, universities face the challenge of integrating traditional subject education with AI to broaden students’ perspectives, stimulate innovative thinking, and cultivate high-quality, versatile talent for society and the nation. This paper takes the general education course “Materials ‘Meeting’ Artificial Intelligence” as an example to discuss the importance of incorporating AI teaching into general education. It proposes a curriculum design that includes the integration of ideological and political education, the exploration of content linking materials science with AI, and the introduction of cutting-edge scientific cases in materials. The study also suggests improvements in classroom teaching methods and a more diverse evaluation of course effectiveness, offering a reference for reforming traditional general education courses in universities.
As artificial intelligence (AI) technology continues to develop rapidly, universities face the challenge of integrating traditional subject education with AI to broaden students’ perspectives, stimulate innovative thinking, and cultivate high-quality, versatile talent for society and the nation. This paper takes the general education course “Materials ‘Meeting’ Artificial Intelligence” as an example to discuss the importance of incorporating AI teaching into general education. It proposes a curriculum design that includes the integration of ideological and political education, the exploration of content linking materials science with AI, and the introduction of cutting-edge scientific cases in materials. The study also suggests improvements in classroom teaching methods and a more diverse evaluation of course effectiveness, offering a reference for reforming traditional general education courses in universities.
2024, 39(10): 408-415
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403024
Abstract:
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction represents a pivotal organic transformation for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, holding extensive applications within the realms of both organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. This article presents a comprehensive review of the mechanism underlying the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, alongside recent advancements in various catalytic approaches, such as metal catalysis, organocatalysis, visible light photocatalysis, enzymatic and electrochemical catalysis. By merging cutting-edge scientific developments with undergraduate teaching content, this review endeavors to inspire students’ learning interests while fostering their capacity for innovative thinking.
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction represents a pivotal organic transformation for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, holding extensive applications within the realms of both organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. This article presents a comprehensive review of the mechanism underlying the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, alongside recent advancements in various catalytic approaches, such as metal catalysis, organocatalysis, visible light photocatalysis, enzymatic and electrochemical catalysis. By merging cutting-edge scientific developments with undergraduate teaching content, this review endeavors to inspire students’ learning interests while fostering their capacity for innovative thinking.
2024, 39(10): 416-419
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403068
Abstract:
Progesterone, also known as luteinizing hormone, is a crucial physiological hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle, reproduction, and the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, playing a vital role in addressing human fertility issues. This paper vividly introduces progesterone and its derivatives through anthropomorphic language, highlighting their significant roles in women’s lives, including the menstrual cycle, contraception mechanisms, pregnancy, and breast cancer treatment. The aim is to enhance understanding of the physiological effects of progesterone and to encourage reflection on life and health.
Progesterone, also known as luteinizing hormone, is a crucial physiological hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle, reproduction, and the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, playing a vital role in addressing human fertility issues. This paper vividly introduces progesterone and its derivatives through anthropomorphic language, highlighting their significant roles in women’s lives, including the menstrual cycle, contraception mechanisms, pregnancy, and breast cancer treatment. The aim is to enhance understanding of the physiological effects of progesterone and to encourage reflection on life and health.
2024, 39(10): 420-425
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402014
Abstract:
Two distinct morphologies of Cu2(Salen)2 nanomaterials were prepared using antisolvent precipitation method and solvothermal method, respectively. The structures and morphologies were characterized via infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the molecular structure and coordination of the compound were analyzed using Olex2 software. This comprehensive experiment involves organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, nanomaterial preparation and characterization, and the application of crystallographic software, effectively bridging fundamental theory with modern technological applications. It emphasizes not only the reinforcement of basic knowledge, but also cultivates students’ innovative ability and comprehensive quality. The integration of cutting-edge scientific research into experimental teaching practice aims to create a synergistic effect that enhances both teaching and research, potentially establishing a beneficial cycle.
Two distinct morphologies of Cu2(Salen)2 nanomaterials were prepared using antisolvent precipitation method and solvothermal method, respectively. The structures and morphologies were characterized via infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the molecular structure and coordination of the compound were analyzed using Olex2 software. This comprehensive experiment involves organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, nanomaterial preparation and characterization, and the application of crystallographic software, effectively bridging fundamental theory with modern technological applications. It emphasizes not only the reinforcement of basic knowledge, but also cultivates students’ innovative ability and comprehensive quality. The integration of cutting-edge scientific research into experimental teaching practice aims to create a synergistic effect that enhances both teaching and research, potentially establishing a beneficial cycle.
2024, 39(10): 426-432
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405100
Abstract:
In response to the demands of “emerging engineering education”, this study presents a comprehensive undergraduate chemistry experiment that integrates cutting-edge research on carbon-based nanomaterials with metallic zinc-air batteries. Iron phosphide@carbon nanotubes composites were synthesized using chemical oxidation polymerization and high-temperature pyrolysis. The resulting composite serves as an electrocatalytic material for the cathode of zinc-air batteries. This experiment aims to help undergraduate students understand the latest developments in the new energy battery industry, become familiar with the assembly and performance testing of zinc-air batteries, apply theoretical knowledge in practical contexts, and cultivate their analytical, problem-solving, and innovative skills, thereby enhancing their overall scientific literacy.
In response to the demands of “emerging engineering education”, this study presents a comprehensive undergraduate chemistry experiment that integrates cutting-edge research on carbon-based nanomaterials with metallic zinc-air batteries. Iron phosphide@carbon nanotubes composites were synthesized using chemical oxidation polymerization and high-temperature pyrolysis. The resulting composite serves as an electrocatalytic material for the cathode of zinc-air batteries. This experiment aims to help undergraduate students understand the latest developments in the new energy battery industry, become familiar with the assembly and performance testing of zinc-air batteries, apply theoretical knowledge in practical contexts, and cultivate their analytical, problem-solving, and innovative skills, thereby enhancing their overall scientific literacy.
2024, 39(10): 433-440
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405073
Abstract:
This study introduces mind mapping techniques and inquiry-based experiments into the physical chemistry curriculum, thereby establishing a connection between ideological and political elements and the subject matter of physical chemistry. This approach fosters students’ innovative thinking and scientific inquiry skills while enhancing their sense of social responsibility and pride. Using the topics of surface tension and surface Gibbs free energy as a case study, this paper outlines the implementation process of integrating ideological and political education into the teaching of physical chemistry.
This study introduces mind mapping techniques and inquiry-based experiments into the physical chemistry curriculum, thereby establishing a connection between ideological and political elements and the subject matter of physical chemistry. This approach fosters students’ innovative thinking and scientific inquiry skills while enhancing their sense of social responsibility and pride. Using the topics of surface tension and surface Gibbs free energy as a case study, this paper outlines the implementation process of integrating ideological and political education into the teaching of physical chemistry.
