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2023 Volume 38 Issue 12
2023, 38(12): 1-9
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309017
Abstract:
Case-based teaching is an important lever for improving teaching quality. The collection and organization of case materials are crucial steps. This article takes pharmaceutical-related courses as an example, and combines with specific instances, summarizes common approaches for mining and organizing teaching case libraries.
Case-based teaching is an important lever for improving teaching quality. The collection and organization of case materials are crucial steps. This article takes pharmaceutical-related courses as an example, and combines with specific instances, summarizes common approaches for mining and organizing teaching case libraries.
2023, 38(12): 10-17
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308077
Abstract:
The integration of research and teaching in pharmaceutical education provides valuable teaching materials for cultivating innovative pharmaceutical talents. The development of drugs against COVID-19 represents a concentrated embodiment of new strategies and technologies in the field of pharmacy, reflecting the high-level intelligence of pharmaceutical researchers. This article takes the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs as an example to explore and summarize the methods of constructing an integrated teaching case library for pharmaceutical education.
The integration of research and teaching in pharmaceutical education provides valuable teaching materials for cultivating innovative pharmaceutical talents. The development of drugs against COVID-19 represents a concentrated embodiment of new strategies and technologies in the field of pharmacy, reflecting the high-level intelligence of pharmaceutical researchers. This article takes the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs as an example to explore and summarize the methods of constructing an integrated teaching case library for pharmaceutical education.
2023, 38(12): 18-24
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302010
Abstract:
Teaching medicinal chemistry in English plays a crucial role in cultivating international and innovative pharmaceutical talents. This study, based on the practical work of teaching medicinal chemistry in English, identified the pain points of this practice, such as limited and abstract teaching content and the limited teachers’ level. Moreover, adhering to the concept of “student-centered and international-oriented” teaching, this study entailed an innovative practice research on teaching medicinal chemistry in English from the perspectives of teaching staff, teaching content, and teaching methods. It was revealed that, to improve the quality of teaching, this practice should focus on an innovative international teaching system based on the following four aspects: teaching team building, teaching methods, curriculum system, and teaching materials.
Teaching medicinal chemistry in English plays a crucial role in cultivating international and innovative pharmaceutical talents. This study, based on the practical work of teaching medicinal chemistry in English, identified the pain points of this practice, such as limited and abstract teaching content and the limited teachers’ level. Moreover, adhering to the concept of “student-centered and international-oriented” teaching, this study entailed an innovative practice research on teaching medicinal chemistry in English from the perspectives of teaching staff, teaching content, and teaching methods. It was revealed that, to improve the quality of teaching, this practice should focus on an innovative international teaching system based on the following four aspects: teaching team building, teaching methods, curriculum system, and teaching materials.
2023, 38(12): 25-31
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306042
Abstract:
Medicinal chemistry, as a fundamental course in undergraduate pharmacy programs, serves as the cornerstone of innovative drug research. Enhancing the timeliness, innovation, and advanced nature of medicinal chemistry teaching content to meet the demands of talent development in contemporary pharmaceutical innovation is a challenge warranting deep consideration and exploration. This paper, grounded in the teaching content of the cardiovascular system drugs chapter, constructs course cases that incorporate the frontiers of the discipline, interdisciplinary studies, and curriculum-based ideological and political education. It aims to provide new materials and perspectives for teaching in medicinal chemistry and related fields.
Medicinal chemistry, as a fundamental course in undergraduate pharmacy programs, serves as the cornerstone of innovative drug research. Enhancing the timeliness, innovation, and advanced nature of medicinal chemistry teaching content to meet the demands of talent development in contemporary pharmaceutical innovation is a challenge warranting deep consideration and exploration. This paper, grounded in the teaching content of the cardiovascular system drugs chapter, constructs course cases that incorporate the frontiers of the discipline, interdisciplinary studies, and curriculum-based ideological and political education. It aims to provide new materials and perspectives for teaching in medicinal chemistry and related fields.
2023, 38(12): 32-37
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306018
Abstract:
Chemical biology, a frontier scientific discipline that emerged in the late 20th century, delves into the chemical underpinnings of life phenomena at the molecular level, aiming to study and regulate biological processes. The course “Chemical Biology” encompasses diverse disciplines such as biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy, highlighting its distinct characteristics as an emerging interdisciplinary field. The teaching team is closely aligned with a series of national education and academic excellence strategies such as deepening education and teaching reform, building world-class universities and world-class disciplines, etc., and puts forward the reform goal of “nurturing versatile and innovative talents and exploring the path of constructing interdisciplinary fundamentals courses”. In practice, the team adheres to the reform concept of “multi-dimensional cross-fusion”, implements the reform ideas of “one orientation, one guidance, and three guarantees”, and practices ideological and political education with the core of “exploring the unknown and serving the country with science and technology”. This provides a replicable path for the construction of cutting-edge interdisciplinary fundamentals courses and the cultivation of compound innovative talents for the country.
Chemical biology, a frontier scientific discipline that emerged in the late 20th century, delves into the chemical underpinnings of life phenomena at the molecular level, aiming to study and regulate biological processes. The course “Chemical Biology” encompasses diverse disciplines such as biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy, highlighting its distinct characteristics as an emerging interdisciplinary field. The teaching team is closely aligned with a series of national education and academic excellence strategies such as deepening education and teaching reform, building world-class universities and world-class disciplines, etc., and puts forward the reform goal of “nurturing versatile and innovative talents and exploring the path of constructing interdisciplinary fundamentals courses”. In practice, the team adheres to the reform concept of “multi-dimensional cross-fusion”, implements the reform ideas of “one orientation, one guidance, and three guarantees”, and practices ideological and political education with the core of “exploring the unknown and serving the country with science and technology”. This provides a replicable path for the construction of cutting-edge interdisciplinary fundamentals courses and the cultivation of compound innovative talents for the country.
2023, 38(12): 38-44
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306072
Abstract:
Innovative drug development is the central driving force of the pharmaceutical industry. Cultivating a large cohort of pharmacy undergraduates with a solid background in drug development research is of significant importance. Currently, the majority of educational institutions feature a disjointed approach between foundational courses and specialized pharmacy courses. This disconnection prevents students from integrating basic chemistry knowledge with innovative drug development research during their early academic years. As a result, students lose the opportunity to build a comprehensive understanding of drug development, thereby diminishing the appeal and formative potential of the education. This paper uses the teaching of coordination chemistry in inorganic chemistry as an example, attempting to incorporate structural visualization and case studies of innovative drugs into the curriculum. The goal is to elevate the subject matter’s professionalism, innovation, and advanced nature to meet the demands of high-quality pharmaceutical talent development and to inspire undergraduates to engage in new drug research by bridging the gap between foundational and specialized courses. This teaching approach can be extended and applied to other courses like organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Innovative drug development is the central driving force of the pharmaceutical industry. Cultivating a large cohort of pharmacy undergraduates with a solid background in drug development research is of significant importance. Currently, the majority of educational institutions feature a disjointed approach between foundational courses and specialized pharmacy courses. This disconnection prevents students from integrating basic chemistry knowledge with innovative drug development research during their early academic years. As a result, students lose the opportunity to build a comprehensive understanding of drug development, thereby diminishing the appeal and formative potential of the education. This paper uses the teaching of coordination chemistry in inorganic chemistry as an example, attempting to incorporate structural visualization and case studies of innovative drugs into the curriculum. The goal is to elevate the subject matter’s professionalism, innovation, and advanced nature to meet the demands of high-quality pharmaceutical talent development and to inspire undergraduates to engage in new drug research by bridging the gap between foundational and specialized courses. This teaching approach can be extended and applied to other courses like organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
2023, 38(12): 45-50
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306064
Abstract:
Organic chemistry serves as a fundamental course in pharmaceutical studies, which is closely associated with medicinal chemistry and innovative drug research. With its multifarious and complex content, certain topics in organic chemistry, such as the theory of chemical bonding relevant to innovative drug design, can be abstract and challenging to comprehend. Integrating case studies from innovative drug research into organic chemistry classroom teaching, along with the use of relevant software to demonstrate the interactions between organic small molecules and biomacromolecules, can make these concepts more vivid, accessible, and engaging for students. Moreover, this approach deepens students’ understanding of the relationship between organic chemistry and pharmacy, and ignites their interest and proactivity in learning, which ultimately enhances the overall teaching quality.
Organic chemistry serves as a fundamental course in pharmaceutical studies, which is closely associated with medicinal chemistry and innovative drug research. With its multifarious and complex content, certain topics in organic chemistry, such as the theory of chemical bonding relevant to innovative drug design, can be abstract and challenging to comprehend. Integrating case studies from innovative drug research into organic chemistry classroom teaching, along with the use of relevant software to demonstrate the interactions between organic small molecules and biomacromolecules, can make these concepts more vivid, accessible, and engaging for students. Moreover, this approach deepens students’ understanding of the relationship between organic chemistry and pharmacy, and ignites their interest and proactivity in learning, which ultimately enhances the overall teaching quality.
2023, 38(12): 51-60
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306007
Abstract:
In response to the issues in the teaching of the medicinal chemistry course, we propose an innovative teaching approach based on a higher-order skills-oriented advanced research-oriented learning model. By combining the P-MASE research-oriented learning model with advanced instructional activity design, we create a higher-order skills-oriented teaching activity that integrates “interesting case research + creative research activities + project challenges”, and construct a teaching scenario that incorporates the instructional content. Under the guidance of teachers, students advance their research-oriented learning in medicinal chemistry through the P-MASE framework, which involves problem identification, method exploration, scientific analysis, effective solution, and evaluation of outcomes. This approach facilitates theoretical development and enhances students’ research and innovation thinking skills. Through an analysis of the achievement of the medicinal chemistry course, it is confirmed that this model can effectively enhance the higher-order nature, innovation, and challenge of the course.
In response to the issues in the teaching of the medicinal chemistry course, we propose an innovative teaching approach based on a higher-order skills-oriented advanced research-oriented learning model. By combining the P-MASE research-oriented learning model with advanced instructional activity design, we create a higher-order skills-oriented teaching activity that integrates “interesting case research + creative research activities + project challenges”, and construct a teaching scenario that incorporates the instructional content. Under the guidance of teachers, students advance their research-oriented learning in medicinal chemistry through the P-MASE framework, which involves problem identification, method exploration, scientific analysis, effective solution, and evaluation of outcomes. This approach facilitates theoretical development and enhances students’ research and innovation thinking skills. Through an analysis of the achievement of the medicinal chemistry course, it is confirmed that this model can effectively enhance the higher-order nature, innovation, and challenge of the course.
2023, 38(12): 61-66
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304090
Abstract:
The Comprehensive Science Training Experiment is a crucial component in the cultivation of top-notch talents in the field of scientific innovation. This article introduces a comprehensive experiment on the synthesis and characterization of a star-shaped polyamine in the organic chemistry science training course. Through this experiment, students can gain an understanding of the cutting-edge research and advancements in polyamine chemistry, apply their theoretical knowledge to design synthetic routes for target products, deepen their understanding of the basic principles and experimental methods of diazotization, Schiff base reaction, and Suzuki coupling reaction, master the techniques of monitoring reactions using thin-layer chromatography and separating products through column chromatography, and learn to characterize and identify compound structures using modern analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. This experiment not only cultivates students’ rigorous scientific attitude and research innovation consciousness but also trains their practical research skills. Furthermore, through diversified experimental approaches, it fosters students’ teamwork abilities, stimulates their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity, and enhances their problem-analysis-and-solving capabilities.
The Comprehensive Science Training Experiment is a crucial component in the cultivation of top-notch talents in the field of scientific innovation. This article introduces a comprehensive experiment on the synthesis and characterization of a star-shaped polyamine in the organic chemistry science training course. Through this experiment, students can gain an understanding of the cutting-edge research and advancements in polyamine chemistry, apply their theoretical knowledge to design synthetic routes for target products, deepen their understanding of the basic principles and experimental methods of diazotization, Schiff base reaction, and Suzuki coupling reaction, master the techniques of monitoring reactions using thin-layer chromatography and separating products through column chromatography, and learn to characterize and identify compound structures using modern analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. This experiment not only cultivates students’ rigorous scientific attitude and research innovation consciousness but also trains their practical research skills. Furthermore, through diversified experimental approaches, it fosters students’ teamwork abilities, stimulates their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity, and enhances their problem-analysis-and-solving capabilities.
2023, 38(12): 67-74
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307023
Abstract:
This article recommends a pharmaceutical analysis experiment “chiral capillary electrophoresis analysis of the stereoisomers of the drug Glycopyrrolate bromide”. The experiment includes the selection of cyclodextrin chiral selector, optimization of capillary electrophoresis separation conditions, and construction of a standard curve. From the perspective of pharmaceutical analysis, this experiment focuses on introducing the principle of capillary electrophoresis analysis, the principle of chiral separation, and the importance of analyzing stereoisomeric impurities in drugs. It is suggested to be offered in majors such as applied chemistry, pharmacy, and pharmaceutical engineering.
This article recommends a pharmaceutical analysis experiment “chiral capillary electrophoresis analysis of the stereoisomers of the drug Glycopyrrolate bromide”. The experiment includes the selection of cyclodextrin chiral selector, optimization of capillary electrophoresis separation conditions, and construction of a standard curve. From the perspective of pharmaceutical analysis, this experiment focuses on introducing the principle of capillary electrophoresis analysis, the principle of chiral separation, and the importance of analyzing stereoisomeric impurities in drugs. It is suggested to be offered in majors such as applied chemistry, pharmacy, and pharmaceutical engineering.
2023, 38(12): 75-85
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308064
Abstract:
Taking the identification of glucose as an example, this article outlines the instructional design and video production process for integrating scientific visualization into the pharmaceutical analysis experiment. The principle, procedure, and phenomenon of the experiment are vividly demonstrated through the pictures and videos, enhancing the interest and attraction of the experiment course. A series of related videos have been applied to classroom teaching and uploaded to the video website, achieving favorable educational outcomes and facilitating broader sharing and communication.
Taking the identification of glucose as an example, this article outlines the instructional design and video production process for integrating scientific visualization into the pharmaceutical analysis experiment. The principle, procedure, and phenomenon of the experiment are vividly demonstrated through the pictures and videos, enhancing the interest and attraction of the experiment course. A series of related videos have been applied to classroom teaching and uploaded to the video website, achieving favorable educational outcomes and facilitating broader sharing and communication.
2023, 38(12): 86-90
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202209029
Abstract:
A small proportion of nephropathy patients administered gadolinium contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance have been reported to develop nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). This paper introduces the mechanism of the transformation and deposition of NSF, aiming to reveal the chemical nature of the gadolinium phosphate bioparticles in nephrogenic system fibrosis. This research will provide an important theoretical basis for future studies on the occurrence, development, and formation of nephrogenic system fibrosis and the removal of sediment residues. Moreover, a new idea for introducing a biocompatible second chelating agent into the gadolinium contrast agent system has been proposed, which aims to improve the safe use of gadolinium contrast agent.
A small proportion of nephropathy patients administered gadolinium contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance have been reported to develop nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). This paper introduces the mechanism of the transformation and deposition of NSF, aiming to reveal the chemical nature of the gadolinium phosphate bioparticles in nephrogenic system fibrosis. This research will provide an important theoretical basis for future studies on the occurrence, development, and formation of nephrogenic system fibrosis and the removal of sediment residues. Moreover, a new idea for introducing a biocompatible second chelating agent into the gadolinium contrast agent system has been proposed, which aims to improve the safe use of gadolinium contrast agent.
2023, 38(12): 91-105
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212054
Abstract:
The COVID-19, AIDS, influenza, and other infectious viral diseases have a significant impact on human health, and new antiviral drugs are continuously emerging to combat these diseases. Herein, aiming at anti-SARS-CoV-2, anti-HIV, and anti-influenza virus, the latest research progress of small-molecule drugs is reported in this paper. The discovery process, mechanism of action, synthesis process, and structure-activity relationship research of each drug are systematically expounded to promote antiviral drug research and development.
The COVID-19, AIDS, influenza, and other infectious viral diseases have a significant impact on human health, and new antiviral drugs are continuously emerging to combat these diseases. Herein, aiming at anti-SARS-CoV-2, anti-HIV, and anti-influenza virus, the latest research progress of small-molecule drugs is reported in this paper. The discovery process, mechanism of action, synthesis process, and structure-activity relationship research of each drug are systematically expounded to promote antiviral drug research and development.
2023, 38(12): 106-113
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306030
Abstract:
This article reviews research on antihypertensive medications including vasodilators, β-blockers, and angiotensin II receptor antagonists that have been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) since 2011. It covers the discovery of lead compounds, mechanisms of action, structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, and synthesis methods, aiming to serve as a reference for the development of antihypertensive drugs.
This article reviews research on antihypertensive medications including vasodilators, β-blockers, and angiotensin II receptor antagonists that have been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) since 2011. It covers the discovery of lead compounds, mechanisms of action, structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, and synthesis methods, aiming to serve as a reference for the development of antihypertensive drugs.
2023, 38(12): 114-119
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306051
Abstract:
In recent years, the combination of surface and colloid chemistry with macrocyclic chemistry has garnered widespread attention among scientists. The integration of diverse macrocyclic structures into surfactant molecules not only greatly enriches the diversity of surfactants, but also imparts them with the host-guest recognition functionality of macrocycles. Macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles, developed from this approach, have demonstrated high potential in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. The evolution from traditional surfactants to macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles underscores the importance of interdisciplinary integration in advancing scientific research.
In recent years, the combination of surface and colloid chemistry with macrocyclic chemistry has garnered widespread attention among scientists. The integration of diverse macrocyclic structures into surfactant molecules not only greatly enriches the diversity of surfactants, but also imparts them with the host-guest recognition functionality of macrocycles. Macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles, developed from this approach, have demonstrated high potential in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. The evolution from traditional surfactants to macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles underscores the importance of interdisciplinary integration in advancing scientific research.
2023, 38(12): 120-126
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305030
Abstract:
This manuscript proposes ideas and methods for integrating STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education into the “laboratory safety” course from the perspective of “emerging engineering education”. This is achieved not only by optimizing the laboratory safety knowledge system but also by reforming the laboratory safety teaching mode to effectively integrate STEM and other content into the curriculum. The results demonstrate that better teaching outcomes are attained through experimentation. On one hand, these measures serve to stimulate students’ interest in learning, especially improving the overall quality of homework. On the other hand, the teaching design aims to facilitate a transfer from knowledge acquisition to skill development as well as from basic comprehension to mastery, which promotes the implementation of laboratory safety courses and reinforcing educational objectives.
This manuscript proposes ideas and methods for integrating STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education into the “laboratory safety” course from the perspective of “emerging engineering education”. This is achieved not only by optimizing the laboratory safety knowledge system but also by reforming the laboratory safety teaching mode to effectively integrate STEM and other content into the curriculum. The results demonstrate that better teaching outcomes are attained through experimentation. On one hand, these measures serve to stimulate students’ interest in learning, especially improving the overall quality of homework. On the other hand, the teaching design aims to facilitate a transfer from knowledge acquisition to skill development as well as from basic comprehension to mastery, which promotes the implementation of laboratory safety courses and reinforcing educational objectives.
2023, 38(12): 127-134
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305055
Abstract:
Taking advantage of the major decision to implement cross-disciplinary enrollment and concentrated training in the 2021 academic year, Sun Yat-sen University has leveraged its National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education to establish a high-standard and highly efficient public experimental teaching platform for first-year undergraduate students. A comprehensive management system has been developed, incorporating well-defined regulations and streamlined processes. This management system is framed by statutes and regulations, guided by standardized procedures, centered on laboratory safety, and focused on achieving high-quality experimental teaching. Furthermore, it integrates elements of ideological and political education and humanistic care within the laboratory setting. After nearly four semesters of continuous improvement, both experimental teaching and laboratory management have yielded significant results, providing new insights and approaches for future management of public experimental teaching and laboratory construction.
Taking advantage of the major decision to implement cross-disciplinary enrollment and concentrated training in the 2021 academic year, Sun Yat-sen University has leveraged its National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education to establish a high-standard and highly efficient public experimental teaching platform for first-year undergraduate students. A comprehensive management system has been developed, incorporating well-defined regulations and streamlined processes. This management system is framed by statutes and regulations, guided by standardized procedures, centered on laboratory safety, and focused on achieving high-quality experimental teaching. Furthermore, it integrates elements of ideological and political education and humanistic care within the laboratory setting. After nearly four semesters of continuous improvement, both experimental teaching and laboratory management have yielded significant results, providing new insights and approaches for future management of public experimental teaching and laboratory construction.
2023, 38(12): 135-142
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305044
Abstract:
Taking the carbon family as an example, this paper introduces the teaching design and practice for incorporating ideological and political education into chemistry of elements. Frontiers of science and technology, materialist dialectics and scientific epistemology, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, China’s “double carbon” story in the new era, history of discovery of elements, scientific ethics and morality, etc. were aptly incorporated into the links of content setting and classroom teaching aiming at cultivating students’ spirit of the craftsman, scientific thinking, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, exploration spirit, and professional ethics. Simultaneous promotion of “knowledge transfer” and “value guidance” was realized.
Taking the carbon family as an example, this paper introduces the teaching design and practice for incorporating ideological and political education into chemistry of elements. Frontiers of science and technology, materialist dialectics and scientific epistemology, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, China’s “double carbon” story in the new era, history of discovery of elements, scientific ethics and morality, etc. were aptly incorporated into the links of content setting and classroom teaching aiming at cultivating students’ spirit of the craftsman, scientific thinking, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, exploration spirit, and professional ethics. Simultaneous promotion of “knowledge transfer” and “value guidance” was realized.
2023, 38(12): 143-148
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305054
Abstract:
Sun Yat-Sen University has adopted the approach of integrating science and education to cultivate innovative talents by combining teaching with scientific research. In this regard, a graduate practical course titled “Modern Chemical Research Techniques and Skill Training” has been introduced, aiming to develop students’ scientific research thinking abilities and practical skills. The course has yielded promising outcomes in curriculum design, expansion of training platforms, solidarity of faculty, integration of scientific research and education, and the development of teaching materials. These achievements have laid a solid foundation for the integrated education of master’s and doctoral programs as well as the cultivation of innovative talents.
Sun Yat-Sen University has adopted the approach of integrating science and education to cultivate innovative talents by combining teaching with scientific research. In this regard, a graduate practical course titled “Modern Chemical Research Techniques and Skill Training” has been introduced, aiming to develop students’ scientific research thinking abilities and practical skills. The course has yielded promising outcomes in curriculum design, expansion of training platforms, solidarity of faculty, integration of scientific research and education, and the development of teaching materials. These achievements have laid a solid foundation for the integrated education of master’s and doctoral programs as well as the cultivation of innovative talents.
2023, 38(12): 149-156
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307029
Abstract:
Materials Analysis Technology course serves as a fundamental course for majors in materials and chemistry, distinguished by its inherent scientific attributes. Taking the teaching practice of ideological and political education in Material Analysis Technology course as an example, this paper explores the implementation and effects of ideological and political education from several aspects, including the logical organization of professional knowledge, the thematic arrangement of teaching chapters, the explicit integration of ideological and political elements, the procedural documentation of teaching records, and the diversification of performance evaluation. Our findings offer insights and guidelines for the incorporating ideological and political education into science and engineering courses.
Materials Analysis Technology course serves as a fundamental course for majors in materials and chemistry, distinguished by its inherent scientific attributes. Taking the teaching practice of ideological and political education in Material Analysis Technology course as an example, this paper explores the implementation and effects of ideological and political education from several aspects, including the logical organization of professional knowledge, the thematic arrangement of teaching chapters, the explicit integration of ideological and political elements, the procedural documentation of teaching records, and the diversification of performance evaluation. Our findings offer insights and guidelines for the incorporating ideological and political education into science and engineering courses.
2023, 38(12): 157-164
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305028
Abstract:
Chemistry serves as indispensable basic course for students majoring in agriculture and forestry, with inorganic and analytical chemistry constituting essential components of the chemical curriculum. The quality of instruction in these courses critically influences the overall caliber of chemistry education and further elevates the standards of agricultural and forestry specialization courses. Given the burgeoning body of knowledge in both agricultural and chemical disciplines, alongside ongoing advancements in educational technologies such as digitization and informatization, it is of great significance to adapt and reform the pedagogy of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses. Drawing on an analysis and comparison of current online and offline teaching approaches, as well as identifying existing deficiencies in the curriculum at Zhejiang A & F University, we propose several strategies. These include enhancing curriculum design, promoting interdisciplinary integration between chemistry and specialized courses, addressing student heterogeneity to meet individual learning needs, refining teaching methods, and reinforcing ideological and political dimensions within the course framework. Our findings indicate that these reforms have markedly improved teaching outcomes, as well as students’ learning efficiency, problem-solving abilities, and conceptual understanding of chemistry.
Chemistry serves as indispensable basic course for students majoring in agriculture and forestry, with inorganic and analytical chemistry constituting essential components of the chemical curriculum. The quality of instruction in these courses critically influences the overall caliber of chemistry education and further elevates the standards of agricultural and forestry specialization courses. Given the burgeoning body of knowledge in both agricultural and chemical disciplines, alongside ongoing advancements in educational technologies such as digitization and informatization, it is of great significance to adapt and reform the pedagogy of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses. Drawing on an analysis and comparison of current online and offline teaching approaches, as well as identifying existing deficiencies in the curriculum at Zhejiang A & F University, we propose several strategies. These include enhancing curriculum design, promoting interdisciplinary integration between chemistry and specialized courses, addressing student heterogeneity to meet individual learning needs, refining teaching methods, and reinforcing ideological and political dimensions within the course framework. Our findings indicate that these reforms have markedly improved teaching outcomes, as well as students’ learning efficiency, problem-solving abilities, and conceptual understanding of chemistry.
2023, 38(12): 165-180
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305034
Abstract:
In recent years, the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction has received widespread attention in the field of organic synthetic chemistry. This strategy avoids the pre-functionalization of substrates in the reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds. It demonstrates high atomic economy and aligns with the development requirements of green chemistry. Furthermore, asymmetric CDC reactions can realize stereoselective construction of carbon-carbon bonds, which currently constitutes a key area of research in organic synthesis. This paper reviews the research progress in asymmetric CDC reactions and provides a perspective on the future development direction in this field.
In recent years, the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction has received widespread attention in the field of organic synthetic chemistry. This strategy avoids the pre-functionalization of substrates in the reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds. It demonstrates high atomic economy and aligns with the development requirements of green chemistry. Furthermore, asymmetric CDC reactions can realize stereoselective construction of carbon-carbon bonds, which currently constitutes a key area of research in organic synthesis. This paper reviews the research progress in asymmetric CDC reactions and provides a perspective on the future development direction in this field.
2023, 38(12): 181-185
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308093
Abstract:
The Zhuque family, who lived in the Hexi Corridor on the ancient Silk Road, established LANDSPACE and has been exploring environmental, economic, and safety propellants. Little Zhuque visited LANDSPACE and learned about various liquid propellants, including liquid oxygen and kerosene with high thrust but easy carbon accumulation, environmentally friendly liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen with high energy consumption, stable but toxic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide. Finally, they discovered that the Zhuque Two carrier rocket, launched by LANDSPACE, was the world’s first rocket to use liquid oxygen and methane as propellants. Liquid oxygen and methane are expected to have broader applications in the future due to their abundant reserves, easy storage conditions, safe transportation, complete combustion, and pollution-free combustion products.
The Zhuque family, who lived in the Hexi Corridor on the ancient Silk Road, established LANDSPACE and has been exploring environmental, economic, and safety propellants. Little Zhuque visited LANDSPACE and learned about various liquid propellants, including liquid oxygen and kerosene with high thrust but easy carbon accumulation, environmentally friendly liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen with high energy consumption, stable but toxic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide. Finally, they discovered that the Zhuque Two carrier rocket, launched by LANDSPACE, was the world’s first rocket to use liquid oxygen and methane as propellants. Liquid oxygen and methane are expected to have broader applications in the future due to their abundant reserves, easy storage conditions, safe transportation, complete combustion, and pollution-free combustion products.
2023, 38(12): 186-192
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304023
Abstract:
Energy drinks produce various health effects. Adjusting the composition and content of the natural nutrients in drinks can enable them to meet the nutritional needs of special groups of people. The quality of ingredients in beverages is directly related to the health of the people that consume them, and it is also an important part of the national food quality monitoring work. Based on the instrumental analysis experimental course of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shandong University, students independently designed experimental plans while teachers reviewed, guided, and supervised them. Their plans, which were closely associated with practical problems related to health, aimed to strengthen and expand the significance and application value of experimental learning. With the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy, they determined the zinc/sodium/potassium ion contents in commercially available energy drinks. The determined contents were tested and compared with the reference content marked on the package to determine whether there was any food quality problem with the drinks. The experiment conducted by the students completely supported their subjective initiative, enabling them to strengthen their theoretical knowledge learning, improve their practical ability, and deepen their understanding and application of atomic absorption spectroscopy in practice. This experiment fully reflected that theory and practice informed each other and allowed students to flexibly exploit the knowledge they gained in the course to solve practical problems, enabling them to intimately experience the close connection between life and chemistry.
Energy drinks produce various health effects. Adjusting the composition and content of the natural nutrients in drinks can enable them to meet the nutritional needs of special groups of people. The quality of ingredients in beverages is directly related to the health of the people that consume them, and it is also an important part of the national food quality monitoring work. Based on the instrumental analysis experimental course of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shandong University, students independently designed experimental plans while teachers reviewed, guided, and supervised them. Their plans, which were closely associated with practical problems related to health, aimed to strengthen and expand the significance and application value of experimental learning. With the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy, they determined the zinc/sodium/potassium ion contents in commercially available energy drinks. The determined contents were tested and compared with the reference content marked on the package to determine whether there was any food quality problem with the drinks. The experiment conducted by the students completely supported their subjective initiative, enabling them to strengthen their theoretical knowledge learning, improve their practical ability, and deepen their understanding and application of atomic absorption spectroscopy in practice. This experiment fully reflected that theory and practice informed each other and allowed students to flexibly exploit the knowledge they gained in the course to solve practical problems, enabling them to intimately experience the close connection between life and chemistry.
2023, 38(12): 193-199
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304092
Abstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is common in plastic products, and its recycling by mechanical or chemical methods can effectively reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption. However, the chemical recycling method has not been extensively used because of the complexity of product separation. Therefore, electrocatalysis was combined with PET recycling by utilizing renewable energy as the driving force. Nickel foam was used as the working electrode to oxidize glycol, producing glycolaldehyde and sodium glycolate, which were further oxidized to obtain sodium oxalate. This reaction is economically beneficial and reduces energy consumption. Moreover, the innovative experiment is interdisciplinary, involving various fundamental experimental methods, and improves the understanding of students. In addition, it helps students understand the concept of green chemistry and sustainable development, which expands their professional horizon and stimulates their research interests.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is common in plastic products, and its recycling by mechanical or chemical methods can effectively reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption. However, the chemical recycling method has not been extensively used because of the complexity of product separation. Therefore, electrocatalysis was combined with PET recycling by utilizing renewable energy as the driving force. Nickel foam was used as the working electrode to oxidize glycol, producing glycolaldehyde and sodium glycolate, which were further oxidized to obtain sodium oxalate. This reaction is economically beneficial and reduces energy consumption. Moreover, the innovative experiment is interdisciplinary, involving various fundamental experimental methods, and improves the understanding of students. In addition, it helps students understand the concept of green chemistry and sustainable development, which expands their professional horizon and stimulates their research interests.
Exploration and Practice of Hazardous Chemicals Management in Chemistry Laboratories of Universities
2023, 38(12): 200-204
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304010
Abstract:
With the increase of exploratory projects of comprehensive chemistry laboratory in universities, the types and quantity of hazardous chemicals are increasing. Due to the frequent occurrence of safety accidents in university laboratories, the safety management of hazardous chemicals has become an important concern of chemistry laboratories in recent years. According to the present situation for management and existing problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures, including three-level linkage responsibility and safety inspection system, strengthening the construction of laboratory management echelon, refining the process of purchase, store and use of hazardous chemicals, and strengthening the information construction of management platform. It effectively improves the safety responsibility consciousness of the teachers and students, and gradually reduces the hidden danger of laboratory safety, which provides a reference for the safety management mode of hazardous chemicals.
With the increase of exploratory projects of comprehensive chemistry laboratory in universities, the types and quantity of hazardous chemicals are increasing. Due to the frequent occurrence of safety accidents in university laboratories, the safety management of hazardous chemicals has become an important concern of chemistry laboratories in recent years. According to the present situation for management and existing problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures, including three-level linkage responsibility and safety inspection system, strengthening the construction of laboratory management echelon, refining the process of purchase, store and use of hazardous chemicals, and strengthening the information construction of management platform. It effectively improves the safety responsibility consciousness of the teachers and students, and gradually reduces the hidden danger of laboratory safety, which provides a reference for the safety management mode of hazardous chemicals.
2023, 38(12): 205-211
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304067
Abstract:
“Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid preparation” is a classic task-based teaching method used in basic organic chemistry experiments. During the experiment, we found that the synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid was complicated, time-consuming, consisted of several steps, and the reagents involved were not environmentally friendly. A modification was proposed to increase the effective use of teaching time, realize the greenness of the experimental process, and enhance the extensibility and exploration of the experiment. In an improved experiment, the tandem synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid was accomplished using Meldrum’s acid and salicylaldehyde under reflux conditions in water as the solvent and glycine as the catalyst. Once the compound was prepared, its structure was characterized by melting point analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The entire experiment lasted for approximately 4 h, which is suitable for teaching undergraduates. This improved experiment was based on green synthesis supplemented by physical characterization, which effectively increased the extensibility. We also explored online and offline mixed teaching models to effectively cultivate students’ scientific exploration abilities.
“Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid preparation” is a classic task-based teaching method used in basic organic chemistry experiments. During the experiment, we found that the synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid was complicated, time-consuming, consisted of several steps, and the reagents involved were not environmentally friendly. A modification was proposed to increase the effective use of teaching time, realize the greenness of the experimental process, and enhance the extensibility and exploration of the experiment. In an improved experiment, the tandem synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid was accomplished using Meldrum’s acid and salicylaldehyde under reflux conditions in water as the solvent and glycine as the catalyst. Once the compound was prepared, its structure was characterized by melting point analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The entire experiment lasted for approximately 4 h, which is suitable for teaching undergraduates. This improved experiment was based on green synthesis supplemented by physical characterization, which effectively increased the extensibility. We also explored online and offline mixed teaching models to effectively cultivate students’ scientific exploration abilities.
2023, 38(12): 212-219
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304094
Abstract:
This study presents a new experimental design and teaching practice for polymer chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrument analysis. Here, a type of thermosensitive polymer microgel was synthesized in an aqueous solution by free radical precipitation polymerization. The thermo-responsivity of these microgels was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering instrument. These microgels were then utilized as carriers to construct a controlled drug delivery system, in which the drug was uploaded to the microgels in the swollen state and released from the microgels in the collapsed state. To understand the drug release process, a combination of color theory and chemical knowledge was proposed, in which the drug with visible range absorption was selected to "visualize" the drug release process, making it more intuitive and observable. Based on this perceptual understanding, the molecular diffusion mechanism of the drug release process was analyzed rationally. This experiment was based on cutting-edge green research results that have been widely investigated and verified. Moreover, this experiment, which can be extended to other responsive polymers and drugs, has universal applicability. This experiment can not only exercise basic operational ability but also help develop research skills for identifying and solving problems and improve students’ innovation ability.
This study presents a new experimental design and teaching practice for polymer chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrument analysis. Here, a type of thermosensitive polymer microgel was synthesized in an aqueous solution by free radical precipitation polymerization. The thermo-responsivity of these microgels was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering instrument. These microgels were then utilized as carriers to construct a controlled drug delivery system, in which the drug was uploaded to the microgels in the swollen state and released from the microgels in the collapsed state. To understand the drug release process, a combination of color theory and chemical knowledge was proposed, in which the drug with visible range absorption was selected to "visualize" the drug release process, making it more intuitive and observable. Based on this perceptual understanding, the molecular diffusion mechanism of the drug release process was analyzed rationally. This experiment was based on cutting-edge green research results that have been widely investigated and verified. Moreover, this experiment, which can be extended to other responsive polymers and drugs, has universal applicability. This experiment can not only exercise basic operational ability but also help develop research skills for identifying and solving problems and improve students’ innovation ability.
2023, 38(12): 220-227
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305047
Abstract:
Ag2SO3/AgBr composite was prepared by precipitation-in situ chemical deposition method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Furthermore, the catalytic degradation of a methylene blue solution under visible light irradiation was investigated. This experiment showcases clear phenomena and offers a high level of operability, making it easily accessible for students to acquire a comprehensive understanding of photocatalytic experimental techniques. Moreover, the experiment is closely linked to both cutting-edge research and the fundamental chemistry concepts related to precipitation and dissolution equilibrium, fostering students’ intrinsic motivation to learn and establish a strong connection between college-level chemistry and basic chemistry education. Furthermore, by encouraging students to improve and innovate the experiment from various perspectives, this experiment nurtures their innovative thinking and application abilities, providing valuable training for future chemists in normal universities.
Ag2SO3/AgBr composite was prepared by precipitation-in situ chemical deposition method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Furthermore, the catalytic degradation of a methylene blue solution under visible light irradiation was investigated. This experiment showcases clear phenomena and offers a high level of operability, making it easily accessible for students to acquire a comprehensive understanding of photocatalytic experimental techniques. Moreover, the experiment is closely linked to both cutting-edge research and the fundamental chemistry concepts related to precipitation and dissolution equilibrium, fostering students’ intrinsic motivation to learn and establish a strong connection between college-level chemistry and basic chemistry education. Furthermore, by encouraging students to improve and innovate the experiment from various perspectives, this experiment nurtures their innovative thinking and application abilities, providing valuable training for future chemists in normal universities.
2023, 38(12): 228-234
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304081
Abstract:
Using salicylic acid and acetic anhydride as raw materials, silica gel as a catalyst, and microwave technology as an optimization method, the university organic chemistry teaching experiment of ‘Preparation and Characterization of Acetylsalicylic Acid’ was improved. Through the experiment, the impact of factors such as microwave power, reaction time, and raw material ratio on the final yield was explored. The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: silica gel with a particle size of 100-200 mesh, 0.25 g in quantity, 60 s reaction time, 70°C reaction temperature, 500 W microwave power, and a molar ratio of acetic anhydride to salicylic acid of 2 : 1. The average yield was approximately 68.0%. Compared to the conventional heating method for the preparation of acetylsalicylic acid, microwave-assisted synthesis offers advantages such as simplicity, shorter reaction time, higher product yield, fewer impurities, and environmental friendliness. Introducing this microwave experiment into undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory teaching can broaden students’ horizons, enrich experimental teaching content, and further improve the teaching level.
Using salicylic acid and acetic anhydride as raw materials, silica gel as a catalyst, and microwave technology as an optimization method, the university organic chemistry teaching experiment of ‘Preparation and Characterization of Acetylsalicylic Acid’ was improved. Through the experiment, the impact of factors such as microwave power, reaction time, and raw material ratio on the final yield was explored. The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: silica gel with a particle size of 100-200 mesh, 0.25 g in quantity, 60 s reaction time, 70°C reaction temperature, 500 W microwave power, and a molar ratio of acetic anhydride to salicylic acid of 2 : 1. The average yield was approximately 68.0%. Compared to the conventional heating method for the preparation of acetylsalicylic acid, microwave-assisted synthesis offers advantages such as simplicity, shorter reaction time, higher product yield, fewer impurities, and environmental friendliness. Introducing this microwave experiment into undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory teaching can broaden students’ horizons, enrich experimental teaching content, and further improve the teaching level.
2023, 38(12): 235-241
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304074
Abstract:
This study presents a computational chemistry experiment designed for junior undergraduates majoring in chemistry in the structural chemistry course, focusing on the discoloration principle of phenolphthalein indicator. The experiment serves as a fundamental investigation into discoloration reactions in the inorganic chemistry course. By employing the Gaussian program, the discoloration processes of phenolphthalein are explored. Through the analysis of macroscopic phenomena, such as changes in UV-Vis absorption spectra before and after discoloration, students gain insights into the mechanism of phenolphthalein discoloration from various microscopic perspectives. Additionally, the “class-micro-topic-flipped classroom” approach is employed to foster scientific innovation by incorporating knowledge extension training.
This study presents a computational chemistry experiment designed for junior undergraduates majoring in chemistry in the structural chemistry course, focusing on the discoloration principle of phenolphthalein indicator. The experiment serves as a fundamental investigation into discoloration reactions in the inorganic chemistry course. By employing the Gaussian program, the discoloration processes of phenolphthalein are explored. Through the analysis of macroscopic phenomena, such as changes in UV-Vis absorption spectra before and after discoloration, students gain insights into the mechanism of phenolphthalein discoloration from various microscopic perspectives. Additionally, the “class-micro-topic-flipped classroom” approach is employed to foster scientific innovation by incorporating knowledge extension training.
2023, 38(12): 242-249
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305005
Abstract:
The occurrence of accidents in college and university chemical laboratories has raised significant concerns in society, emphasizing the need for effective safety education for students. In response, a virtual simulation teaching system for safety education in chemical laboratories has been developed, incorporating 3D visualization, network communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. This system transforms “typical accident cases”,“hidden trouble investigations”, and “accident response and evacuation” scenarios in different chemistry laboratory settings (including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry) into interactive virtual simulation experiments. These simulations provide students with a highly realistic virtual experimental environment, enabling them to effectively learn how to respond to safety incidents such as fires, chemical burns, gas leaks, and electric shocks. By combining virtual and real knowledge, this teaching approach enhances students’ engagement, eliminates the risks and costs associated with practical training, and improves their safety skills and problem-solving abilities. Ultimately, this course achieves the objectives of safety education and aligns with the educational policy of “three complete education”.
The occurrence of accidents in college and university chemical laboratories has raised significant concerns in society, emphasizing the need for effective safety education for students. In response, a virtual simulation teaching system for safety education in chemical laboratories has been developed, incorporating 3D visualization, network communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. This system transforms “typical accident cases”,“hidden trouble investigations”, and “accident response and evacuation” scenarios in different chemistry laboratory settings (including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry) into interactive virtual simulation experiments. These simulations provide students with a highly realistic virtual experimental environment, enabling them to effectively learn how to respond to safety incidents such as fires, chemical burns, gas leaks, and electric shocks. By combining virtual and real knowledge, this teaching approach enhances students’ engagement, eliminates the risks and costs associated with practical training, and improves their safety skills and problem-solving abilities. Ultimately, this course achieves the objectives of safety education and aligns with the educational policy of “three complete education”.
2023, 38(12): 250-256
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304068
Abstract:
The conventional approach to preparing esters, as described in textbooks, involves the dehydration of carboxylic acids and alcohols, typically catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid. In this study, we present an innovative method that capitalizes on the self-catalytic properties of oxalic acid, enabling esterification without the need for any additional catalyst, particularly concentrated sulfuric acid. This improved reaction shows numerous advantages, including milder reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, straightforward post-treatment, and excellent reproducibility. Compared to the use of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, as outlined in standard textbooks, this enhanced experiment promotes greener, safer, and more cost-effective practices, instilling in students the principles of green chemistry, safety consciousness, environmental responsibility, and social awareness.
The conventional approach to preparing esters, as described in textbooks, involves the dehydration of carboxylic acids and alcohols, typically catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid. In this study, we present an innovative method that capitalizes on the self-catalytic properties of oxalic acid, enabling esterification without the need for any additional catalyst, particularly concentrated sulfuric acid. This improved reaction shows numerous advantages, including milder reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, straightforward post-treatment, and excellent reproducibility. Compared to the use of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, as outlined in standard textbooks, this enhanced experiment promotes greener, safer, and more cost-effective practices, instilling in students the principles of green chemistry, safety consciousness, environmental responsibility, and social awareness.
2023, 38(12): 257-261
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305023
Abstract:
In recent studies, ammonia, a chromogenic reagent, has been used to detect the solubility product constant of copper(II) iodate via colorimetry. However, the use of ammonia can result in environmental pollution. As an alternative, glycine can be used as the chromogenic reagent. In this study, the reaction between glycine and copper(II) ions was investigated in detail. The reaction time and glycine concentration were optimized by acquiring UV-Vis spectra, determining the appropriate conditions for reacting the copper(II) complex with glycine. The absorption intensities at 640 nm for solutions of copper(II) ions at different concentrations were measured, and the concentration of copper(II) ions in saturated copper(II) iodate was determined by using the standard curve. The solubility product constant was calculated, which was close to the literature value. The release of corrosive and volatile gas was prevented in this experiment, and the complex solution could be recycled to prevent environmental pollution. Therefore, this method is green and applicable for use in basic experimental teaching activities.
In recent studies, ammonia, a chromogenic reagent, has been used to detect the solubility product constant of copper(II) iodate via colorimetry. However, the use of ammonia can result in environmental pollution. As an alternative, glycine can be used as the chromogenic reagent. In this study, the reaction between glycine and copper(II) ions was investigated in detail. The reaction time and glycine concentration were optimized by acquiring UV-Vis spectra, determining the appropriate conditions for reacting the copper(II) complex with glycine. The absorption intensities at 640 nm for solutions of copper(II) ions at different concentrations were measured, and the concentration of copper(II) ions in saturated copper(II) iodate was determined by using the standard curve. The solubility product constant was calculated, which was close to the literature value. The release of corrosive and volatile gas was prevented in this experiment, and the complex solution could be recycled to prevent environmental pollution. Therefore, this method is green and applicable for use in basic experimental teaching activities.
2023, 38(12): 262-273
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305053
Abstract:
To better integrate cutting-edge knowledge, theories, technologies, and methods into senior undergraduate comprehensive experimental courses, this paper designed an experiment involving the modification of diacetone-D-galactose based on Dess-Martin (DMP) oxidation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reactions. We established experimental procedures by researching the oxidation of alcohols and the alkenylation of aldehydes. 2-iodoacylbenzoic acid (IBX) was synthesized by oxidizing o-iodobenzoic acid with potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone). This was then transformed into DMP under the influence of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. DMP was subsequently employed to oxidize diacetone-D-galactose, and the HWE reaction was finally used to achieve the differential isomeric aldehyde alkenylation. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with various staining methods. Schlenk technique was adopted for anhydrous and anaerobic operations, and the target products were isolated and purified through column chromatography. The structure and purity of the compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. DMP oxidation has the advantages of mild conditions, simple operations, high yield and selectivity, and low toxicity. The designed experimental procedures are comprehensive, rich in content, and emphasizes integrative nature, which is beneficial for the organic integration of students’ knowledge, capabilities, and qualities, while cultivating their ability to tackle complex problems and develop advanced thinking skills.
To better integrate cutting-edge knowledge, theories, technologies, and methods into senior undergraduate comprehensive experimental courses, this paper designed an experiment involving the modification of diacetone-D-galactose based on Dess-Martin (DMP) oxidation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reactions. We established experimental procedures by researching the oxidation of alcohols and the alkenylation of aldehydes. 2-iodoacylbenzoic acid (IBX) was synthesized by oxidizing o-iodobenzoic acid with potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone). This was then transformed into DMP under the influence of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. DMP was subsequently employed to oxidize diacetone-D-galactose, and the HWE reaction was finally used to achieve the differential isomeric aldehyde alkenylation. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with various staining methods. Schlenk technique was adopted for anhydrous and anaerobic operations, and the target products were isolated and purified through column chromatography. The structure and purity of the compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. DMP oxidation has the advantages of mild conditions, simple operations, high yield and selectivity, and low toxicity. The designed experimental procedures are comprehensive, rich in content, and emphasizes integrative nature, which is beneficial for the organic integration of students’ knowledge, capabilities, and qualities, while cultivating their ability to tackle complex problems and develop advanced thinking skills.
2023, 38(12): 274-278
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305042
Abstract:
Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory is an important and comprehensive topic in the course of structural chemistry, which can predict or explain the properties and electronic spectra of conjugated molecules. It is closely related to the concepts such as one-dimensional potential well, molecular orbital theory and molecular symmetry. In the teaching process of this theory, the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology can guide students to learn independently through typical problems. Through progressively designed problems, students’ thinking awareness is gradually enhanced, and their comprehensive knowledge and abilities can be effectively improved.
Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory is an important and comprehensive topic in the course of structural chemistry, which can predict or explain the properties and electronic spectra of conjugated molecules. It is closely related to the concepts such as one-dimensional potential well, molecular orbital theory and molecular symmetry. In the teaching process of this theory, the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology can guide students to learn independently through typical problems. Through progressively designed problems, students’ thinking awareness is gradually enhanced, and their comprehensive knowledge and abilities can be effectively improved.
2023, 38(12): 279-298
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311001
Abstract:
