Login In
2023 Volume 38 Issue 11
2023, 38(11): 1-7
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302043
Abstract:
Based on the target orientation of cultivating innovative and applied talents in chemistry specialties, we build a three-chain connected integration of professional education and innovation-entrepreneurship education ecological chain, including multi-level progressive innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum chain, multi-level linkage innovation and entrepreneurship practice chain, multi-dimensional collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship platform chain. The innovation and entrepreneurship education would marching toward the same goal with logic of professional education via chain design, cascade progression and integration of the whole process, focusing on the educational objectives of professional high-quality innovative and applied talents, to lay a solid foundation for improving the quality of professional talents training.
Based on the target orientation of cultivating innovative and applied talents in chemistry specialties, we build a three-chain connected integration of professional education and innovation-entrepreneurship education ecological chain, including multi-level progressive innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum chain, multi-level linkage innovation and entrepreneurship practice chain, multi-dimensional collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship platform chain. The innovation and entrepreneurship education would marching toward the same goal with logic of professional education via chain design, cascade progression and integration of the whole process, focusing on the educational objectives of professional high-quality innovative and applied talents, to lay a solid foundation for improving the quality of professional talents training.
2023, 38(11): 8-15
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302070
Abstract:
This paper introduces the teaching method of waterborne polyurethane polymerization and the virtual simulation experiment of supercritical continuous foaming. Using 3D virtual simulation technology to present the complex process of polymer synthesis, so that students can conduct experiments in intuitive and vivid scenes, and realize the real experimental teaching effect. Multiple screening design experiments can be carried out in the limited time, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency. This teaching method also solves the problems of toxic risk of polymerization experimental materials, difficult recovery of experimental solvents and high experimental cost. This teaching method has achieved good results after practice to students.
This paper introduces the teaching method of waterborne polyurethane polymerization and the virtual simulation experiment of supercritical continuous foaming. Using 3D virtual simulation technology to present the complex process of polymer synthesis, so that students can conduct experiments in intuitive and vivid scenes, and realize the real experimental teaching effect. Multiple screening design experiments can be carried out in the limited time, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency. This teaching method also solves the problems of toxic risk of polymerization experimental materials, difficult recovery of experimental solvents and high experimental cost. This teaching method has achieved good results after practice to students.
2023, 38(11): 16-21
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302059
Abstract:
“Coal chemical technology” is a core professional course that emphasizes both theory and practice. In the process of teaching practice, the authors keep the "four combinations and one evaluations" throughout the teaching by starting with the reorganization of the course teaching content, the optimization of the teaching implementation process, the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system, so as to improve the teaching quality and focus on cultivating applied undergraduate talents.
“Coal chemical technology” is a core professional course that emphasizes both theory and practice. In the process of teaching practice, the authors keep the "four combinations and one evaluations" throughout the teaching by starting with the reorganization of the course teaching content, the optimization of the teaching implementation process, the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system, so as to improve the teaching quality and focus on cultivating applied undergraduate talents.
2023, 38(11): 22-28
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303033
Abstract:
Under the background of the Ministry of Education's construction of "Emerging Engineering Education", how to enhance interdisciplinary integration is the key to the teaching reform. Taking the "Emerging Engineering Education" exploration experiment as an example, we introduce the enhancement of undergraduate students' scientific research ability by the integration of mathematical modeling with chemical engineering majors. We also take the China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling (CUMCM) in 2022 as an example to elaborate the specific implementation process of interdisciplinary integration and how to prepare for the mathematical modeling competition.
Under the background of the Ministry of Education's construction of "Emerging Engineering Education", how to enhance interdisciplinary integration is the key to the teaching reform. Taking the "Emerging Engineering Education" exploration experiment as an example, we introduce the enhancement of undergraduate students' scientific research ability by the integration of mathematical modeling with chemical engineering majors. We also take the China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling (CUMCM) in 2022 as an example to elaborate the specific implementation process of interdisciplinary integration and how to prepare for the mathematical modeling competition.
2023, 38(11): 29-36
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303072
Abstract:
Practical teaching is an essential teaching link for applied disciplines, and collaborative education of industry-university-research effectively integrates resources such as education and scientific research to collaborate and cultivate talents. The applied chemistry major of Fujian Normal University is supported by industry-university-research projects, with reform measures such as built campus practical teaching platforms and established practical teaching bases. With the support of practical teaching after the reform, students' comprehensive application, practical ability, innovative thinking have been significantly improved. Students directly connected with the needs of enterprises should be cultivated to achieve a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises.
Practical teaching is an essential teaching link for applied disciplines, and collaborative education of industry-university-research effectively integrates resources such as education and scientific research to collaborate and cultivate talents. The applied chemistry major of Fujian Normal University is supported by industry-university-research projects, with reform measures such as built campus practical teaching platforms and established practical teaching bases. With the support of practical teaching after the reform, students' comprehensive application, practical ability, innovative thinking have been significantly improved. Students directly connected with the needs of enterprises should be cultivated to achieve a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises.
2023, 38(11): 37-42
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304011
Abstract:
Aiming at cultivating innovative talents, a "three-dimensional and four-in-one" advanced teaching method for analytical chemistry classroom was constructed based on the student-centered and problem-oriented model. Three dimensions of "classroom teaching implementation, Internet+ and extracurricular scientific research innovation activities" are organically combined. A "four-in-one" teaching innovation system were constructed including integrating teaching contents, combining ideological education, adjusting teaching modes and combining process evaluations. Such full-class reform could effectively enhance students' independence and autonomy in learning, and help cultivate their innovation ability and scientific research accomplishment.
Aiming at cultivating innovative talents, a "three-dimensional and four-in-one" advanced teaching method for analytical chemistry classroom was constructed based on the student-centered and problem-oriented model. Three dimensions of "classroom teaching implementation, Internet+ and extracurricular scientific research innovation activities" are organically combined. A "four-in-one" teaching innovation system were constructed including integrating teaching contents, combining ideological education, adjusting teaching modes and combining process evaluations. Such full-class reform could effectively enhance students' independence and autonomy in learning, and help cultivate their innovation ability and scientific research accomplishment.
2023, 38(11): 43-47
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304019
Abstract:
Cultivation of students with a research background is one of the paramount objectives in university education. Incorporation of literature case-studies pertinent to the content of elementary and optional courses in undergraduate education presents a highly appealing teaching method that can strengthen the basic knowledge of students, inspire their enthusiasm of learning, and more importantly cultivate their ways of thinking in scientific research. For this teaching purpose, this paper explores how to introduce case-studies of up-to-date literatures in the course of organic synthesis including the judicious selection of chemical literatures and attempted teaching methods.
Cultivation of students with a research background is one of the paramount objectives in university education. Incorporation of literature case-studies pertinent to the content of elementary and optional courses in undergraduate education presents a highly appealing teaching method that can strengthen the basic knowledge of students, inspire their enthusiasm of learning, and more importantly cultivate their ways of thinking in scientific research. For this teaching purpose, this paper explores how to introduce case-studies of up-to-date literatures in the course of organic synthesis including the judicious selection of chemical literatures and attempted teaching methods.
2023, 38(11): 48-53
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303034
Abstract:
Principles of chemical engineering serving as a bridge between basic and professional courses of chemical engineering plays a great role in the training of chemical talents. Based on the educational output concept of engineering education professional certification, we take the advantages of online and offline teaching, and carry out the exploration of online and offline collaborative teaching mode of chemical engineering principles. By constructing the collaborative teaching process, including "online pre-class preview and feedback, case reconstruction of teaching design for key and difficult points, task leading teaching interaction, post-class consolidation and expansion, and learning situation statistics", teachers and students can effectively interact online and offline, which strengthens teachers' control over the teaching process and improves students' learning initiative. By introducing online and offline comprehensive assessment method focusing on process evaluation, students' absorption and internalization of the teaching content can be improved.
Principles of chemical engineering serving as a bridge between basic and professional courses of chemical engineering plays a great role in the training of chemical talents. Based on the educational output concept of engineering education professional certification, we take the advantages of online and offline teaching, and carry out the exploration of online and offline collaborative teaching mode of chemical engineering principles. By constructing the collaborative teaching process, including "online pre-class preview and feedback, case reconstruction of teaching design for key and difficult points, task leading teaching interaction, post-class consolidation and expansion, and learning situation statistics", teachers and students can effectively interact online and offline, which strengthens teachers' control over the teaching process and improves students' learning initiative. By introducing online and offline comprehensive assessment method focusing on process evaluation, students' absorption and internalization of the teaching content can be improved.
2023, 38(11): 54-63
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304004
Abstract:
Based on the core goal of establishing morality and cultivating people, this paper explores a new idea of organic chemistry teaching for undergraduate students, and explores and studies it from the aspects of improving teachers' guiding role, enhancing students' autonomous learning ability, and optimizing evaluation and assessment methods. Taking CDIO-BOPPPS collaborative teaching model as the guiding ideology, combining various teaching methods and various evaluation methods, an "N-Two-N" integrated classroom teaching system has been constructed. The CDIO concept was introduced to innovate the teaching design conception, and the BOPPPS model was combined to reform the teaching process. The CDIO-BOPPPS collaborative teaching was promoted by a variety of teaching methods and evaluation methods. This paper describes the implementation process of the "N-Two-N" model and the advantages and achievements of the teaching system.
Based on the core goal of establishing morality and cultivating people, this paper explores a new idea of organic chemistry teaching for undergraduate students, and explores and studies it from the aspects of improving teachers' guiding role, enhancing students' autonomous learning ability, and optimizing evaluation and assessment methods. Taking CDIO-BOPPPS collaborative teaching model as the guiding ideology, combining various teaching methods and various evaluation methods, an "N-Two-N" integrated classroom teaching system has been constructed. The CDIO concept was introduced to innovate the teaching design conception, and the BOPPPS model was combined to reform the teaching process. The CDIO-BOPPPS collaborative teaching was promoted by a variety of teaching methods and evaluation methods. This paper describes the implementation process of the "N-Two-N" model and the advantages and achievements of the teaching system.
2023, 38(11): 64-68
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304018
Abstract:
By taking the construction of the Organic Chemistry Teaching and Research Office at Shanxi Agricultural University as an example, the paper addresses the shortcomings of the teaching and research content being too superficial, the teaching and research objects lacking details, and the teaching and research objectives at the universities being too single. It elaborates in detail multiple measures including exploring and innovating diversified paths of teaching and research activities, allocating functions, and refining incentive policies, to provide a reference basis for the construction of teaching and research departments at universities.
By taking the construction of the Organic Chemistry Teaching and Research Office at Shanxi Agricultural University as an example, the paper addresses the shortcomings of the teaching and research content being too superficial, the teaching and research objects lacking details, and the teaching and research objectives at the universities being too single. It elaborates in detail multiple measures including exploring and innovating diversified paths of teaching and research activities, allocating functions, and refining incentive policies, to provide a reference basis for the construction of teaching and research departments at universities.
2023, 38(11): 69-75
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303015
Abstract:
We proposed and built the "integrated, multi-layer, open-type and research-based" practical teaching system with the goal of developing inventive, practical, and cross-disciplinary talents. Incorporating the benefits of the chemistry discipline and the traits of the specialty, we improved the practice curriculum, changed the practice teaching materials and teaching strategies, continuously strengthened the capacity-building of teacher staffs and the assurance of resources and conditions, and encouraged students to take part in the innovation plan. The development of innovative abilities is successfully encouraged via methodical reform, and students' inventive spirit and practical skill are raised.
We proposed and built the "integrated, multi-layer, open-type and research-based" practical teaching system with the goal of developing inventive, practical, and cross-disciplinary talents. Incorporating the benefits of the chemistry discipline and the traits of the specialty, we improved the practice curriculum, changed the practice teaching materials and teaching strategies, continuously strengthened the capacity-building of teacher staffs and the assurance of resources and conditions, and encouraged students to take part in the innovation plan. The development of innovative abilities is successfully encouraged via methodical reform, and students' inventive spirit and practical skill are raised.
2023, 38(11): 76-81
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304026
Abstract:
The "Practical Chemistry Laboratory" course is carried out using the platform of National Demonstration Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, and is a general education course of chemistry laboratory for all undergraduates. The experimental projects of the course are interesting, moderately difficult and close to life. The experimental reports are not limited to a specific form. It can reflect students' creativity, and diversify electronic reports. Labor education runs through the entire teaching process to cultivate students' labor quality. This course is deeply loved by students, awarded as the outstanding school-level project, making general education achieve a high level.
The "Practical Chemistry Laboratory" course is carried out using the platform of National Demonstration Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, and is a general education course of chemistry laboratory for all undergraduates. The experimental projects of the course are interesting, moderately difficult and close to life. The experimental reports are not limited to a specific form. It can reflect students' creativity, and diversify electronic reports. Labor education runs through the entire teaching process to cultivate students' labor quality. This course is deeply loved by students, awarded as the outstanding school-level project, making general education achieve a high level.
2023, 38(11): 82-87
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303064
Abstract:
The first class serves as the main avenue for cultivating chemistry teachers' quality, while the second class also plays an indispensable role. Using the Chemistry Branch of the Future Outstanding Teachers' Association at Fujian Normal University as a case study, this paper evaluates the feasibility of the association as the second classroom to reinforce teachers' quality training of chemistry normal students. This evaluation encompasses three facets:community systems, community activities and community advantages. In conclusion, we suggest that the college and community level expand incentive policies and reinforce the development of related micro-specializations, offering insights for the training of chemistry normal students in other normal universities.
The first class serves as the main avenue for cultivating chemistry teachers' quality, while the second class also plays an indispensable role. Using the Chemistry Branch of the Future Outstanding Teachers' Association at Fujian Normal University as a case study, this paper evaluates the feasibility of the association as the second classroom to reinforce teachers' quality training of chemistry normal students. This evaluation encompasses three facets:community systems, community activities and community advantages. In conclusion, we suggest that the college and community level expand incentive policies and reinforce the development of related micro-specializations, offering insights for the training of chemistry normal students in other normal universities.
2023, 38(11): 88-94
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306074
Abstract:
Presently, the practical teaching system for chemistry and chemical engineering students faces challenges such as a weak theoretical foundation, a disconnect between theory and practice, and a mismatch between knowledge and innovative skill application. To address these issues, a binary combination strategy integrating theory-engineering and research-teaching is proposed, aligning with emerging engineering education paradigms. This approach allows for a more comprehensive and reinforced knowledge system, achieved by merging theory with practice. Both real and virtual training methods are employed to enhance experimental skills. Furthermore, amalgamating scientific research with industry-focused education elevates the practical proficiency of students. Investigating this holistic approach to practical education, tailored to societal demands and talent growth, offers a more robust method for cultivating innovative and skilled graduates in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.
Presently, the practical teaching system for chemistry and chemical engineering students faces challenges such as a weak theoretical foundation, a disconnect between theory and practice, and a mismatch between knowledge and innovative skill application. To address these issues, a binary combination strategy integrating theory-engineering and research-teaching is proposed, aligning with emerging engineering education paradigms. This approach allows for a more comprehensive and reinforced knowledge system, achieved by merging theory with practice. Both real and virtual training methods are employed to enhance experimental skills. Furthermore, amalgamating scientific research with industry-focused education elevates the practical proficiency of students. Investigating this holistic approach to practical education, tailored to societal demands and talent growth, offers a more robust method for cultivating innovative and skilled graduates in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.
2023, 38(11): 95-105
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302053
Abstract:
The amount of charge transfer between metal and boron atoms determines the bonding mode, bonding strength and characteristics of chemical bonds in metal borides (MBs). The preparation, crystal structures and applications of MBs have been a hot topic in the field of chemistry and materials. In view of the extensive application prospect and the limited introduction of MBs in inorganic chemistry textbooks at domestic and abroad, in this work, combined with the references and the latest research results, we focus on the structure, properties, preparation and applications of alkali/alkaline earth metal borides, transition metal borides and rare earth metal borides. This work expands the in-depth introduction of MBs in teaching, helps improve students' knowledge horizons, and reflects the role of scientific research in promoting the reform of undergraduate teaching content.
The amount of charge transfer between metal and boron atoms determines the bonding mode, bonding strength and characteristics of chemical bonds in metal borides (MBs). The preparation, crystal structures and applications of MBs have been a hot topic in the field of chemistry and materials. In view of the extensive application prospect and the limited introduction of MBs in inorganic chemistry textbooks at domestic and abroad, in this work, combined with the references and the latest research results, we focus on the structure, properties, preparation and applications of alkali/alkaline earth metal borides, transition metal borides and rare earth metal borides. This work expands the in-depth introduction of MBs in teaching, helps improve students' knowledge horizons, and reflects the role of scientific research in promoting the reform of undergraduate teaching content.
2023, 38(11): 106-116
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303017
Abstract:
Chiral phosphorous heterocyclic compounds are an important class of organophosphorus compounds, which are extensively used in the fields of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, and materials. The synthetic methods for these compounds mainly include asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, asymmetric organic small molecule catalysis, and chiral induction. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of chiral phosphorous heterocyclic compounds and proposes future development prospects in this field.
Chiral phosphorous heterocyclic compounds are an important class of organophosphorus compounds, which are extensively used in the fields of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, and materials. The synthetic methods for these compounds mainly include asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, asymmetric organic small molecule catalysis, and chiral induction. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of chiral phosphorous heterocyclic compounds and proposes future development prospects in this field.
2023, 38(11): 117-125
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304024
Abstract:
Spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important microstructural analytical technique extensively used in cutting-edge scientific research in the fields of chemistry, materials, and biology. This paper presents the principles of spherical aberration-corrected TEM, its application in chemical crystal structure analysis, and its influence on the structural chemistry curriculum.
Spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important microstructural analytical technique extensively used in cutting-edge scientific research in the fields of chemistry, materials, and biology. This paper presents the principles of spherical aberration-corrected TEM, its application in chemical crystal structure analysis, and its influence on the structural chemistry curriculum.
2023, 38(11): 126-130
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304025
Abstract:
As an essential component of fundamental organic chemistry theory, stereoelectronic effects, including the common gauche and anomeric effects, have been intensively investigated and discussed in undergraduate courses. Nevertheless, with the precise prediction and successful synthesis of perfluorocubane, a new cage-type stereoelectronic effect has attracted considerable attention from chemists. Herein, we briefly review the development of stereoelectronic effects, including their wide-ranging applications in organic chemistry. In particular, we highlight recent investigations on perfluorocubane synthesis and discuss the interesting cage-type stereoelectronic effects. The positive interplay between the scientific frontiers and the organic chemistry course will significantly influence the global perspective of students by expanding their knowledge of organic chemistry, and the fundamental concepts and advanced applications of stereoelectronic effects.
As an essential component of fundamental organic chemistry theory, stereoelectronic effects, including the common gauche and anomeric effects, have been intensively investigated and discussed in undergraduate courses. Nevertheless, with the precise prediction and successful synthesis of perfluorocubane, a new cage-type stereoelectronic effect has attracted considerable attention from chemists. Herein, we briefly review the development of stereoelectronic effects, including their wide-ranging applications in organic chemistry. In particular, we highlight recent investigations on perfluorocubane synthesis and discuss the interesting cage-type stereoelectronic effects. The positive interplay between the scientific frontiers and the organic chemistry course will significantly influence the global perspective of students by expanding their knowledge of organic chemistry, and the fundamental concepts and advanced applications of stereoelectronic effects.
2023, 38(11): 131-137
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304035
Abstract:
Initially colorless and transparent, the sucrose solution exhibited a stunning array of colors when viewed through a polarizer. This study utilized polarization characteristics to explore the variations in beam split capacity among different sucrose solution concentrations, while also tracking the hydrolysis process of sucrose under acidic conditions. The paper further elucidates the scientific principles underlying these experimental phenomena.
Initially colorless and transparent, the sucrose solution exhibited a stunning array of colors when viewed through a polarizer. This study utilized polarization characteristics to explore the variations in beam split capacity among different sucrose solution concentrations, while also tracking the hydrolysis process of sucrose under acidic conditions. The paper further elucidates the scientific principles underlying these experimental phenomena.
2023, 38(11): 138-141
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304054
Abstract:
In the 1990s, a revolutionary approach to alloy design emerged, diverging from traditional methods, known as multi-principal alloys. A decade later, the concept of high entropy alloys (HEAs) took center stage, showcasing properties such as exceptional high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and radiation resistance that far surpassed those of conventional alloys. Today, HEA research has become a focal point in the field of alloys. This paper presents the research status of various materials through a captivating coming-of-age ceremony, personifying different application materials. Moreover, it delves into the physical and chemical knowledge underpinning the research process, including solution thermodynamics theory and phase equilibrium theory. Through the lens of a coming-of-age ceremony, the paper highlights the distinctive characteristics and research progress of four intriguing types of high entropy alloys.
In the 1990s, a revolutionary approach to alloy design emerged, diverging from traditional methods, known as multi-principal alloys. A decade later, the concept of high entropy alloys (HEAs) took center stage, showcasing properties such as exceptional high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and radiation resistance that far surpassed those of conventional alloys. Today, HEA research has become a focal point in the field of alloys. This paper presents the research status of various materials through a captivating coming-of-age ceremony, personifying different application materials. Moreover, it delves into the physical and chemical knowledge underpinning the research process, including solution thermodynamics theory and phase equilibrium theory. Through the lens of a coming-of-age ceremony, the paper highlights the distinctive characteristics and research progress of four intriguing types of high entropy alloys.
2023, 38(11): 142-147
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304034
Abstract:
In recent decades, an escalating incidence of tumors has been observed, necessitating more precise and less side-effect-prone therapies. Micro/nanorobots have been successfully engineered to address this challenge. These minute intelligent machines are capable of navigating to, and even infiltrating, tumor cells or tissues under external control. This enables targeted drug delivery and precise tumor therapy. To elucidate this sophisticated technology to a general audience, this paper adopts a personification style. Utilizing an engaging "battle narrative between micro/nanorobots and tumor cells", we briefly outline the design, fabrication, propulsion mechanisms, and therapeutic principles for a wider readership.
In recent decades, an escalating incidence of tumors has been observed, necessitating more precise and less side-effect-prone therapies. Micro/nanorobots have been successfully engineered to address this challenge. These minute intelligent machines are capable of navigating to, and even infiltrating, tumor cells or tissues under external control. This enables targeted drug delivery and precise tumor therapy. To elucidate this sophisticated technology to a general audience, this paper adopts a personification style. Utilizing an engaging "battle narrative between micro/nanorobots and tumor cells", we briefly outline the design, fabrication, propulsion mechanisms, and therapeutic principles for a wider readership.
2023, 38(11): 148-154
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303036
Abstract:
The cultivation of comprehensive talents in the field of modern engineering requires interdisciplinary integration. Using interdisciplinary integration as the starting point, reform and practice of experimental teaching was conducted in the inorganic and analytical chemistry experiment course. Using the tap water and domestic sewage in the campus as the object of this study, the chemical oxygen demand was measured using the potassium permanganate method. The experimental aims were to improve the interdisciplinary thinking, data calculation, and practical problem-solving abilities of the students and to enhance their awareness of environmental protection, which is desirable for students majoring in chemistry, environmental engineering, and resource cycle science and engineering. The questionnaire revealed that students and teachers gave a high evaluation to the experimental content, and the experiment achieved good teaching practice results.
The cultivation of comprehensive talents in the field of modern engineering requires interdisciplinary integration. Using interdisciplinary integration as the starting point, reform and practice of experimental teaching was conducted in the inorganic and analytical chemistry experiment course. Using the tap water and domestic sewage in the campus as the object of this study, the chemical oxygen demand was measured using the potassium permanganate method. The experimental aims were to improve the interdisciplinary thinking, data calculation, and practical problem-solving abilities of the students and to enhance their awareness of environmental protection, which is desirable for students majoring in chemistry, environmental engineering, and resource cycle science and engineering. The questionnaire revealed that students and teachers gave a high evaluation to the experimental content, and the experiment achieved good teaching practice results.
2023, 38(11): 155-162
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302005
Abstract:
Based on the classic preparation experiment of ammonium ferrous sulfate, we improved it from a simple task-type preparation experiment into a highly comprehensive and complete open experiment integrating principle exploration, efficient preparation, open design and interesting observation. In the experiment, the single crystal structures of FeSO4∙7H2O and (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2∙6H2O are introduced, the stability of crystal state ferrous sulfate and ammonium ferrous sulfate in the air is studied, and interesting experiments such as making artificial "crystal snow", "transparent crème", and "emerald" are designed. In the experiment, the stereo microscope was introduced to observe the crystal morphology. This improved experiment optimizes the allocation of class hours, enriches the teaching content, broadens the experimental dimension, deepens the understanding of the principle and professional knowledge of the students via comparing, and achieves the purpose of improving the students' innovation consciousness, laboratory skill, analysis ability and comprehensive ability.
Based on the classic preparation experiment of ammonium ferrous sulfate, we improved it from a simple task-type preparation experiment into a highly comprehensive and complete open experiment integrating principle exploration, efficient preparation, open design and interesting observation. In the experiment, the single crystal structures of FeSO4∙7H2O and (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2∙6H2O are introduced, the stability of crystal state ferrous sulfate and ammonium ferrous sulfate in the air is studied, and interesting experiments such as making artificial "crystal snow", "transparent crème", and "emerald" are designed. In the experiment, the stereo microscope was introduced to observe the crystal morphology. This improved experiment optimizes the allocation of class hours, enriches the teaching content, broadens the experimental dimension, deepens the understanding of the principle and professional knowledge of the students via comparing, and achieves the purpose of improving the students' innovation consciousness, laboratory skill, analysis ability and comprehensive ability.
2023, 38(11): 163-170
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302069
Abstract:
This paper introduces a research-based comprehensive experiment involving the synthesis of quinoline derivatives and investigations on the effect of their structures on the colorimetric sensing performance of anions. During this experiment, students will learn and master the synthesis and characterization methods used for quinoline heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives. Based on the principle of organic small molecule sensing and recognition, students will learn to use ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy instrumentation and study the anion sensing and recognition performance of quinoline compounds (P1, P2, and P3) as probes. Using the spectral data processed by Origin and visualized colorimetric images, students can better intuitively understand the anion sensing and recognition performance of different probes, along with the significance of the probe molecular structure in regulating sensing performance.
This paper introduces a research-based comprehensive experiment involving the synthesis of quinoline derivatives and investigations on the effect of their structures on the colorimetric sensing performance of anions. During this experiment, students will learn and master the synthesis and characterization methods used for quinoline heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives. Based on the principle of organic small molecule sensing and recognition, students will learn to use ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy instrumentation and study the anion sensing and recognition performance of quinoline compounds (P1, P2, and P3) as probes. Using the spectral data processed by Origin and visualized colorimetric images, students can better intuitively understand the anion sensing and recognition performance of different probes, along with the significance of the probe molecular structure in regulating sensing performance.
2023, 38(11): 171-179
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303056
Abstract:
In situ fluorescence imaging technology offers an efficacious method for garnering biochemical information at cellular and organismal scales. Prolonged in situ labeling techniques, using solid-state fluorescent probes, are particularly suited for precise imaging and surgical navigation during tumor resections. However, the inherent challenges, including extended research cycles, high costs, and substantial resource utilization, often preclude their inclusion in undergraduate teaching. To surmount these obstacles, we transformed the latest research findings into a "virtual simulation experiment of tumor in situ fluorescent labeling technology design and exploration" utilizing the U3D three-dimensional virtual reality technology platform. Through an interactive 37-step operation and exploratory teaching approach centred on crucial scientific issues, we aim to hone students' practical skills, foster scientific thinking and innovative awareness, actively guide the development of their scientific literacy, and instil values pertinent to scientific research.
In situ fluorescence imaging technology offers an efficacious method for garnering biochemical information at cellular and organismal scales. Prolonged in situ labeling techniques, using solid-state fluorescent probes, are particularly suited for precise imaging and surgical navigation during tumor resections. However, the inherent challenges, including extended research cycles, high costs, and substantial resource utilization, often preclude their inclusion in undergraduate teaching. To surmount these obstacles, we transformed the latest research findings into a "virtual simulation experiment of tumor in situ fluorescent labeling technology design and exploration" utilizing the U3D three-dimensional virtual reality technology platform. Through an interactive 37-step operation and exploratory teaching approach centred on crucial scientific issues, we aim to hone students' practical skills, foster scientific thinking and innovative awareness, actively guide the development of their scientific literacy, and instil values pertinent to scientific research.
2023, 38(11): 180-186
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304020
Abstract:
The development of low-cost and high-performance solar cells has become an important direction for the "dual carbon strategy". In this manuscript, we mainly describe the fabrication and characterization of novel inverted perovskite solar cells as well as a comprehensive chemistry experiment for undergraduates conceived to promote their scientific innovation and comprehensive practical abilities. This experiment encompasses the fabrication process of inverted perovskite solar cells, including transport layer fabrication, perovskite film, and electrode. The morphology and crystal quality of perovskite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer, and the current density and voltage (J-V) curves and photostability of the devices were tested using a solar simulator. The proposed experiment also integrates film preparation, material characterization, and device performance testing to meet different teaching needs. Simultaneously, the basic chemical principles in the experiment are taught to encourage students to further expand the experiment and provide a solid foundation for their future research and exploration.
The development of low-cost and high-performance solar cells has become an important direction for the "dual carbon strategy". In this manuscript, we mainly describe the fabrication and characterization of novel inverted perovskite solar cells as well as a comprehensive chemistry experiment for undergraduates conceived to promote their scientific innovation and comprehensive practical abilities. This experiment encompasses the fabrication process of inverted perovskite solar cells, including transport layer fabrication, perovskite film, and electrode. The morphology and crystal quality of perovskite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer, and the current density and voltage (J-V) curves and photostability of the devices were tested using a solar simulator. The proposed experiment also integrates film preparation, material characterization, and device performance testing to meet different teaching needs. Simultaneously, the basic chemical principles in the experiment are taught to encourage students to further expand the experiment and provide a solid foundation for their future research and exploration.
2023, 38(11): 187-194
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303090
Abstract:
In this experiment, the preparation of ammonium ferrous sulfate and potassium ferric oxalate, and the determination of iron ion, oxalate ion and crystal water content were integrated to develop a comprehensive chemical experiment. In the preparation part, virtual operation and independent design were introduced. In the analysis and detection part, not only the traditional chemical analysis method was used, but also the infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were introduced to characterize the product. The experiment can make the students consolidate the basic laboratory skills such as vacuum filtration, recrystallization and titration, master the instrumental for characterizing the composition and structure of products, which can train students' ability to comprehensively apply chemical theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems and develop good scientific research literacy. Furthermore, by combining with ideological education, this experiment can also help cultivate students' environmental protection awareness and scientific exploration spirit, and improve students' sense of responsibility in the laboratory and interest in chemistry.
In this experiment, the preparation of ammonium ferrous sulfate and potassium ferric oxalate, and the determination of iron ion, oxalate ion and crystal water content were integrated to develop a comprehensive chemical experiment. In the preparation part, virtual operation and independent design were introduced. In the analysis and detection part, not only the traditional chemical analysis method was used, but also the infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were introduced to characterize the product. The experiment can make the students consolidate the basic laboratory skills such as vacuum filtration, recrystallization and titration, master the instrumental for characterizing the composition and structure of products, which can train students' ability to comprehensively apply chemical theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems and develop good scientific research literacy. Furthermore, by combining with ideological education, this experiment can also help cultivate students' environmental protection awareness and scientific exploration spirit, and improve students' sense of responsibility in the laboratory and interest in chemistry.
2023, 38(11): 195-205
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304015
Abstract:
The oxidation of benzyl alcoyhol to benzaldehyde plays an important role in teaching organic chemistry. However, it is often difficult to enter basic university organic chemistry experimental teaching classes because of the unfriendly environment. In this paper, a comprehensive experiment in organic chemistry is introduced. Benzyl alcohol was efficiently oxidized to benzaldehyde in less than 30 min at room temperature using cuprous chloride, 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), N-methylimidazole (NMI), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) as catalysts, air as oxidant, and acetone as solvent. The optimized combined catalytic system can indicate the endpoint of the reaction through color mutation; it can miniaturize the experiment, shorten the reaction time, and reduce experimental cost. Extensive experiments were conducted on benzyl alcohol compounds with different electrical properties, and the reaction exhibited wide adaptability. To some extent, this experiment compensates for the lack of experimental teaching resources for aromatic aldehyde synthesis in college chemistry teaching experiments.
The oxidation of benzyl alcoyhol to benzaldehyde plays an important role in teaching organic chemistry. However, it is often difficult to enter basic university organic chemistry experimental teaching classes because of the unfriendly environment. In this paper, a comprehensive experiment in organic chemistry is introduced. Benzyl alcohol was efficiently oxidized to benzaldehyde in less than 30 min at room temperature using cuprous chloride, 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), N-methylimidazole (NMI), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) as catalysts, air as oxidant, and acetone as solvent. The optimized combined catalytic system can indicate the endpoint of the reaction through color mutation; it can miniaturize the experiment, shorten the reaction time, and reduce experimental cost. Extensive experiments were conducted on benzyl alcohol compounds with different electrical properties, and the reaction exhibited wide adaptability. To some extent, this experiment compensates for the lack of experimental teaching resources for aromatic aldehyde synthesis in college chemistry teaching experiments.
2023, 38(11): 206-215
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304055
Abstract:
To develop the ability of undergraduates to analyze and solve problems using the knowledge they have acquired, this study designs a comprehensive experiment to study the structure-property-effect relationship of newly reported copper phenylacetylene (Ph-C≡C-Cu)-based functional materials. This experiment was designed based on the latest research results by thoroughly examining the basic chemistry knowledge of undergraduate students. In this experiment, different functional group modified Ph-C≡C-Cu materials were prepared, and their structures and physicochemical properties were characterized. Subsequently, their adsorption and photocatalytic degradation activities of methyl orange (MO) were studied. As a basic teaching experiment for undergraduates, this comprehensive experiment examined students' understanding, mastery, and application of the electronic effects of different functional groups in organic chemistry, liquid-solid interface interactions, solid adsorption in solution, catalytic reaction kinetics, and the determination of reaction orders in physical chemistry. Further summarizing and discussing the structure-property-effect relationship of new Ph-C≡C-Cu-based functional materials can encourage and guide undergraduates to design the structures of the target functional materials with specific properties and practical applications based on their knowledge and theories they have mastered, which will cultivate their reverse thinking mode and improve their ability to combine theory and practice.
To develop the ability of undergraduates to analyze and solve problems using the knowledge they have acquired, this study designs a comprehensive experiment to study the structure-property-effect relationship of newly reported copper phenylacetylene (Ph-C≡C-Cu)-based functional materials. This experiment was designed based on the latest research results by thoroughly examining the basic chemistry knowledge of undergraduate students. In this experiment, different functional group modified Ph-C≡C-Cu materials were prepared, and their structures and physicochemical properties were characterized. Subsequently, their adsorption and photocatalytic degradation activities of methyl orange (MO) were studied. As a basic teaching experiment for undergraduates, this comprehensive experiment examined students' understanding, mastery, and application of the electronic effects of different functional groups in organic chemistry, liquid-solid interface interactions, solid adsorption in solution, catalytic reaction kinetics, and the determination of reaction orders in physical chemistry. Further summarizing and discussing the structure-property-effect relationship of new Ph-C≡C-Cu-based functional materials can encourage and guide undergraduates to design the structures of the target functional materials with specific properties and practical applications based on their knowledge and theories they have mastered, which will cultivate their reverse thinking mode and improve their ability to combine theory and practice.
2023, 38(11): 216-222
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304040
Abstract:
A physical chemistry experiment involving organic chemistry, computational chemistry, and instrumental analysis is described for junior students majoring in chemistry. Keto-enol tautomerism is a fundamental concept in undergraduate organic chemistry. The keto-enol tautomeric equilibrium of acetylacetone in a series of binary solvent mixtures of deuterated chloroform and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide with various polarities was explored using NMR spectroscopy and theoretical computations. The effect of solvent polarity on the equilibrium is discussed in combination with NMR and theoretical computation results. This experiment facilitates students' understanding of abstract concepts enables them to integrate theory with experiments and systematically analyze multiple techniques to explore chemical processes and principles.
A physical chemistry experiment involving organic chemistry, computational chemistry, and instrumental analysis is described for junior students majoring in chemistry. Keto-enol tautomerism is a fundamental concept in undergraduate organic chemistry. The keto-enol tautomeric equilibrium of acetylacetone in a series of binary solvent mixtures of deuterated chloroform and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide with various polarities was explored using NMR spectroscopy and theoretical computations. The effect of solvent polarity on the equilibrium is discussed in combination with NMR and theoretical computation results. This experiment facilitates students' understanding of abstract concepts enables them to integrate theory with experiments and systematically analyze multiple techniques to explore chemical processes and principles.
2023, 38(11): 223-229
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304058
Abstract:
The synthesis of 4-phenyl buty-2-ketone from ethyl acetoacetate and benzyl chloride is a classical organic chemistry experiment, but the yield is only 20%-30% in practical teaching. This paper records the process of teachers guiding students to separate the byproduct in the experiment, determines it as 2,2-dibenzyl-3-oxybutyrate, analyzes the causes of the byproduct, and inspires the students to innovate the experimental method to increase the yield to 57.5%. This teaching practice not only guides students with regard to experimental innovation but also improves the scientific research literacy of students.
The synthesis of 4-phenyl buty-2-ketone from ethyl acetoacetate and benzyl chloride is a classical organic chemistry experiment, but the yield is only 20%-30% in practical teaching. This paper records the process of teachers guiding students to separate the byproduct in the experiment, determines it as 2,2-dibenzyl-3-oxybutyrate, analyzes the causes of the byproduct, and inspires the students to innovate the experimental method to increase the yield to 57.5%. This teaching practice not only guides students with regard to experimental innovation but also improves the scientific research literacy of students.
2023, 38(11): 230-237
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302046
Abstract:
Various aromatic diamines and dianhydride monomers were selected to synthesize binary or multi-structured polyamide acid solutions by solution polymerization, and the corresponding structured polyimide films were prepared by solution casting and thermal amination. The effects of different monomers, compositions, and other factors on the properties of polyimide were explored by testing and characterizing the structures and properties of polyamide acid (PAA) and polyimide (PI). This experiment is based on industrial practice, which is consistent with the process of industrial research and development. Encouraging students to deeply understand the relationship between the structure and performance of polymer materials can stimulate their innovative thinking and cultivate their ability to analyze and solve practical engineering problems.
Various aromatic diamines and dianhydride monomers were selected to synthesize binary or multi-structured polyamide acid solutions by solution polymerization, and the corresponding structured polyimide films were prepared by solution casting and thermal amination. The effects of different monomers, compositions, and other factors on the properties of polyimide were explored by testing and characterizing the structures and properties of polyamide acid (PAA) and polyimide (PI). This experiment is based on industrial practice, which is consistent with the process of industrial research and development. Encouraging students to deeply understand the relationship between the structure and performance of polymer materials can stimulate their innovative thinking and cultivate their ability to analyze and solve practical engineering problems.
2023, 38(11): 238-241
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303041
Abstract:
For a reaction occurring between volatile solutes in a solution system, the calculation of the Gibbs function is fundamentally different from that of other reaction systems. This paper discusses the calculation of the Gibbs function and suggests that the significant difference in the calculation should be indicated in physical chemistry textbooks to avoid possible errors in teaching and application.
For a reaction occurring between volatile solutes in a solution system, the calculation of the Gibbs function is fundamentally different from that of other reaction systems. This paper discusses the calculation of the Gibbs function and suggests that the significant difference in the calculation should be indicated in physical chemistry textbooks to avoid possible errors in teaching and application.
2023, 38(11): 242-248
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302039
Abstract:
The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, an important part of the modern valence bond theory, can be used for qualitatively determining the spatial configuration of simple molecules (or ions) and the hybridization mode of central atoms. There are some blind spots in teaching the VSEPR theory, such as the unclear nature of the electron pair repulsion, the difficulty in understanding of the hypothesis that oxygen atoms do not provide valence electrons as coordination atoms, and the unclear difference between VSEPR theory and hybrid orbital theory. In the light of this, this paper shows some teaching optimization methods that improve students' understanding of the nature of VSEPR theory and the ability to accurately judge molecular spatial configurations by clarifying the regulatory nature of valence electrons provided by coordination (terminal) atoms, the impact of oxygen atom positions and bonding types on the molecular (or ion) structures, and the effect of multiple bonds on the molecular (or ion) spatial configurations, as well as by teaching the VSEPR theory prior to the hybrid orbital theory.
The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, an important part of the modern valence bond theory, can be used for qualitatively determining the spatial configuration of simple molecules (or ions) and the hybridization mode of central atoms. There are some blind spots in teaching the VSEPR theory, such as the unclear nature of the electron pair repulsion, the difficulty in understanding of the hypothesis that oxygen atoms do not provide valence electrons as coordination atoms, and the unclear difference between VSEPR theory and hybrid orbital theory. In the light of this, this paper shows some teaching optimization methods that improve students' understanding of the nature of VSEPR theory and the ability to accurately judge molecular spatial configurations by clarifying the regulatory nature of valence electrons provided by coordination (terminal) atoms, the impact of oxygen atom positions and bonding types on the molecular (or ion) structures, and the effect of multiple bonds on the molecular (or ion) spatial configurations, as well as by teaching the VSEPR theory prior to the hybrid orbital theory.
2023, 38(11): 249-255
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303035
Abstract:
The Diels Alder (D-A) reaction represents a crucial component of fundamental organic chemistry education and serves as a quintessential example of structural chemistry analyzed via basic principles of chemical sciences. This study explores the Diels-Alder reaction involving 1-methoxy-1,3-butadiene and acrolein, utilizing tools such as the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) method, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, and quantum chemical calculations. This approach provides detailed quantitative data and intuitive visual illustrations to elucidate the stereospecificity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity inherent to this reaction. The findings from this study serve as valuable resources for students, not only enhancing their understanding of D-A reaction properties and principles, but also developing their interest in computational chemistry and augmenting their problem-solving acumen.
The Diels Alder (D-A) reaction represents a crucial component of fundamental organic chemistry education and serves as a quintessential example of structural chemistry analyzed via basic principles of chemical sciences. This study explores the Diels-Alder reaction involving 1-methoxy-1,3-butadiene and acrolein, utilizing tools such as the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) method, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, and quantum chemical calculations. This approach provides detailed quantitative data and intuitive visual illustrations to elucidate the stereospecificity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity inherent to this reaction. The findings from this study serve as valuable resources for students, not only enhancing their understanding of D-A reaction properties and principles, but also developing their interest in computational chemistry and augmenting their problem-solving acumen.
2023, 38(11): 256-266
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303047
Abstract:
The teaching design based on the famous chemists in the history of chemistry is an important and indispensable ideological and political teaching step in the organic chemistry. As a type of characteristic teaching resource and tool, the stamps about chemical theme contain abundant ideological and political elements. In this paper, aiming at the organic chemistry course of agronomy, we carry out the teaching practice using the chemists theme stamps, "Giessen School", as an example. We summarize the brief history of the chemistry theme stamps, analyze the feasibility and significance of the application in organic chemistry teaching, and explore the method, effect and reflection on teaching by the chemists theme stamps. In summary, the purpose of this paper is to provide a useful reference for the development on the chemists theme stamps in organic chemistry teaching.
The teaching design based on the famous chemists in the history of chemistry is an important and indispensable ideological and political teaching step in the organic chemistry. As a type of characteristic teaching resource and tool, the stamps about chemical theme contain abundant ideological and political elements. In this paper, aiming at the organic chemistry course of agronomy, we carry out the teaching practice using the chemists theme stamps, "Giessen School", as an example. We summarize the brief history of the chemistry theme stamps, analyze the feasibility and significance of the application in organic chemistry teaching, and explore the method, effect and reflection on teaching by the chemists theme stamps. In summary, the purpose of this paper is to provide a useful reference for the development on the chemists theme stamps in organic chemistry teaching.
2023, 38(11): 267-275
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303055
Abstract:
The structures and energies of various common carbocations, allylic carbocations, and particularly stable α-amino and α-hydroxyl carbocations were calculated using DFT (density functional theory). The results showed that common carbocations are stabilized by the formation of supercovalent structures, rearrangement, and superconjugation effects, whereas allylic carbocations are stabilized by conjugate effects. The stabilities of α-hydroxyl and α-amino carbocations are particularly high and are equivalent to or higher than that of cyclopropylene carbocation. Finally, different methods of carbocation stabilization using amino and hydroxyl groups are suggested.
The structures and energies of various common carbocations, allylic carbocations, and particularly stable α-amino and α-hydroxyl carbocations were calculated using DFT (density functional theory). The results showed that common carbocations are stabilized by the formation of supercovalent structures, rearrangement, and superconjugation effects, whereas allylic carbocations are stabilized by conjugate effects. The stabilities of α-hydroxyl and α-amino carbocations are particularly high and are equivalent to or higher than that of cyclopropylene carbocation. Finally, different methods of carbocation stabilization using amino and hydroxyl groups are suggested.
2023, 38(11): 276-283
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304007
Abstract:
Significant figures have become the effective way to shape students' scientific literacy, because they have been used by students throughout the college learning from a wide range of majors. From the perspective of course ideology and politics, this paper combines theoretical classroom and laboratory classroom. By taking real problems as scenarios, adopting the guided immersive teaching mode, starting from point to point, and taking multiple measures simultaneously, the stubborn disease in the process of effective digital teaching can be effectively solved, which lays a foundation for the construction of scientific literacy of freshmen.
Significant figures have become the effective way to shape students' scientific literacy, because they have been used by students throughout the college learning from a wide range of majors. From the perspective of course ideology and politics, this paper combines theoretical classroom and laboratory classroom. By taking real problems as scenarios, adopting the guided immersive teaching mode, starting from point to point, and taking multiple measures simultaneously, the stubborn disease in the process of effective digital teaching can be effectively solved, which lays a foundation for the construction of scientific literacy of freshmen.
The Ideological and Political Cases of Patriotism for Organic Chemistry from Modern History of China
2023, 38(11): 284-289
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303030
Abstract:
Modern Chinese History is a vivid textbook of patriotic education. This article uses the synchronicity of the development of the courses of Organic Chemistry and Modern Chinese History, and associates famous historical events with organic chemistry knowledge points, refining ideological and political cases. Taking the lesson "Phenol" as an example, the lesson design combines the excavated ideological and political cases with specific knowledge points, hoping to play a certain reference role for the ideological and political education of the Organic Chemistry course.
Modern Chinese History is a vivid textbook of patriotic education. This article uses the synchronicity of the development of the courses of Organic Chemistry and Modern Chinese History, and associates famous historical events with organic chemistry knowledge points, refining ideological and political cases. Taking the lesson "Phenol" as an example, the lesson design combines the excavated ideological and political cases with specific knowledge points, hoping to play a certain reference role for the ideological and political education of the Organic Chemistry course.
2023, 38(11): 290-292
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303042
Abstract:
Due to the inconsistence of the formula and units for the specific rotation in organic chemistry textbooks, the well-established formula and units for the specific rotation are given.
Due to the inconsistence of the formula and units for the specific rotation in organic chemistry textbooks, the well-established formula and units for the specific rotation are given.
2023, 38(11): 293-300
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304048
Abstract:
In order to fulfill organic combination of professional goal and moral goal from the course of instrumental analysis and student education, and unification of green analytical chemistry from discipline concept and the social responsibility of green development, greenness the evaluation index for describing the greening of analytical methods was introduced into our instrumental analysis course. Firstly, the development of green chemistry, green analytical chemistry and green liquid chromatography was briefly covered. Secondly, various methods for quantitative expression of greenness were presented, and the two methods of HPLC-EAT and CHEMS-1 were emphasized, involving their usages, scope of application and limitations. Finally, the two methods were employed for calculating the greenness values of the liquid chromatography methods selected from literatures, and the correlation analysis between the calculation results from the two methods were done. It was shown that the data from the two methods were not the same, but their correlation was good. Both HPLC-EAT and CHEMS-1were capable of measuring greenness of liquid chromatography, and the two methods were easy for students to grasp. We would like to recommend that the concept of greenness and together with the two methods for calculating greenness should be adopted in instrumental analysis textbooks in the future.
In order to fulfill organic combination of professional goal and moral goal from the course of instrumental analysis and student education, and unification of green analytical chemistry from discipline concept and the social responsibility of green development, greenness the evaluation index for describing the greening of analytical methods was introduced into our instrumental analysis course. Firstly, the development of green chemistry, green analytical chemistry and green liquid chromatography was briefly covered. Secondly, various methods for quantitative expression of greenness were presented, and the two methods of HPLC-EAT and CHEMS-1 were emphasized, involving their usages, scope of application and limitations. Finally, the two methods were employed for calculating the greenness values of the liquid chromatography methods selected from literatures, and the correlation analysis between the calculation results from the two methods were done. It was shown that the data from the two methods were not the same, but their correlation was good. Both HPLC-EAT and CHEMS-1were capable of measuring greenness of liquid chromatography, and the two methods were easy for students to grasp. We would like to recommend that the concept of greenness and together with the two methods for calculating greenness should be adopted in instrumental analysis textbooks in the future.
2023, 38(11): 301-308
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303079
Abstract:
Using Multiwfn, a free wavefunction analyzer, visualization of the descriptors of physical and chemical properties can greatly enrich the classroom-teaching contents, and will present the elegance of chemistry. In the current study, color-filled maps of localized-orbital locator (LOL) purely obtained through π electrons (LOL-π), electron localization function (ELF) color maps, and scanning tunnel microscope (STM) images were created based on the molecular orbitals of monocyclic B5N5. Additionally, molecular surface electrostatic potential, average local ionization energy (ALIE), and local electron affinity (LEA) were employed to visualize the reactive sites of B5N5. Interaction region indicator (IRI) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analyses were performed and discussed to reveal the bonding and weak interactions in this material. The proposed study is a typical paragon for the usefulness of chemical software in facilitating the teaching of science in classrooms.
Using Multiwfn, a free wavefunction analyzer, visualization of the descriptors of physical and chemical properties can greatly enrich the classroom-teaching contents, and will present the elegance of chemistry. In the current study, color-filled maps of localized-orbital locator (LOL) purely obtained through π electrons (LOL-π), electron localization function (ELF) color maps, and scanning tunnel microscope (STM) images were created based on the molecular orbitals of monocyclic B5N5. Additionally, molecular surface electrostatic potential, average local ionization energy (ALIE), and local electron affinity (LEA) were employed to visualize the reactive sites of B5N5. Interaction region indicator (IRI) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analyses were performed and discussed to reveal the bonding and weak interactions in this material. The proposed study is a typical paragon for the usefulness of chemical software in facilitating the teaching of science in classrooms.
2023, 38(11): 309-316
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303086
Abstract:
Throughout the teaching process, we established connections between the first and second laws of thermodynamics, centering on the concept of entropy's total differentials. This approach creates a cohesive network of thermodynamic equations, fundamentally grounded in the concept of entropy. By linking these concepts, we aim to facilitate students' understanding and application of these essential thermodynamic principles.
Throughout the teaching process, we established connections between the first and second laws of thermodynamics, centering on the concept of entropy's total differentials. This approach creates a cohesive network of thermodynamic equations, fundamentally grounded in the concept of entropy. By linking these concepts, we aim to facilitate students' understanding and application of these essential thermodynamic principles.
2023, 38(11): 317-322
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304027
Abstract:
Acid-base theory is one of the most basic and important theories in chemistry, the acid and basic strength can be referred by pKa value. In our organic chemistry course, we usually used pKa value as a useful tool to teach students many obscure theories, for example, pKa is helpful to understand the acidity strength of an acid, basicity of its conjugated base, determine the direction of acid-base equilibrium reaction, understand the strength of nucleophilicity, and the departure ability of a leaving group. Therefore, we can analyze both qualitatively and quantitatively through the pKa value of the substance. The method has been applied in practical teaching several years, and achieved very good results.
Acid-base theory is one of the most basic and important theories in chemistry, the acid and basic strength can be referred by pKa value. In our organic chemistry course, we usually used pKa value as a useful tool to teach students many obscure theories, for example, pKa is helpful to understand the acidity strength of an acid, basicity of its conjugated base, determine the direction of acid-base equilibrium reaction, understand the strength of nucleophilicity, and the departure ability of a leaving group. Therefore, we can analyze both qualitatively and quantitatively through the pKa value of the substance. The method has been applied in practical teaching several years, and achieved very good results.
2023, 38(11): 323-336
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301032
Abstract:
With the organic synthetic chemistry developed in recent years, molecular editing technology has gradually demonstrated significant advantages in both synthetic chemistry and retrosynthetic analysis and plays an important part in the decoration and the optimization of drugs. We introduce some of the reactions about molecular editing, such as skeletal rearrangement and C-H functionalization, and the prospect of molecular editing in the future is discussed in the final part.
With the organic synthetic chemistry developed in recent years, molecular editing technology has gradually demonstrated significant advantages in both synthetic chemistry and retrosynthetic analysis and plays an important part in the decoration and the optimization of drugs. We introduce some of the reactions about molecular editing, such as skeletal rearrangement and C-H functionalization, and the prospect of molecular editing in the future is discussed in the final part.
2023, 38(11): 337-344
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302017
Abstract:
Molecular sieves, a type of material with porous structure, are able to separate small molecules. Classical molecular sieves have been investigated thoroughly, but they have limitations as well. For example, they are unable to separate chemicals with similar physical properties. In recent years, scientists have begun to focus on "non-classical" methods for chemical separation. Many achievements have been made, such as microporous membranes, porous liquid and cage-like molecules. Some of these methods may greatly reduce the cost of industrial production and even have a great influence on social and economic development. In this review, the novel methods are discussed, and the development trend of this research field is provided.
Molecular sieves, a type of material with porous structure, are able to separate small molecules. Classical molecular sieves have been investigated thoroughly, but they have limitations as well. For example, they are unable to separate chemicals with similar physical properties. In recent years, scientists have begun to focus on "non-classical" methods for chemical separation. Many achievements have been made, such as microporous membranes, porous liquid and cage-like molecules. Some of these methods may greatly reduce the cost of industrial production and even have a great influence on social and economic development. In this review, the novel methods are discussed, and the development trend of this research field is provided.
