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2023 Volume 38 Issue 10
2023, 38(10): 1-6
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307006
Abstract:
This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration and reflection focused on constructing a virtual teaching and research platform for fundamental theoretical courses of chemistry. The proposed approach involves establishing course groups to redefine objectives and requirements, offering insightful suggestions for course content, and actively engaging in curriculum ideological and political construction, as well as textbook development. Through strategic activities and resource sharing, this initiative enhances communication and exchange among course groups, promoting seamless integration between theory and practice, and bridging foundational knowledge with practical applications in teaching content. Additionally, it facilitates teaching and research exchange endeavors, fostering a collaborative system that prioritizes resource sharing, inter-school cooperation, and mutual benefits.
This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration and reflection focused on constructing a virtual teaching and research platform for fundamental theoretical courses of chemistry. The proposed approach involves establishing course groups to redefine objectives and requirements, offering insightful suggestions for course content, and actively engaging in curriculum ideological and political construction, as well as textbook development. Through strategic activities and resource sharing, this initiative enhances communication and exchange among course groups, promoting seamless integration between theory and practice, and bridging foundational knowledge with practical applications in teaching content. Additionally, it facilitates teaching and research exchange endeavors, fostering a collaborative system that prioritizes resource sharing, inter-school cooperation, and mutual benefits.
2023, 38(10): 7-13
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202303054
Abstract:
This paper puts forward the general idea of building the virtual teaching and research platform of analytical chemistry course. Relying on the virtual teaching and research office of “analytical chemistry course”, the teaching and research activities related to curriculum ideological and political construction are widely carried out, “online analytical chemistry course group” is established, cross-school cooperation is made to build the national high-quality “analytical chemistry” teaching resource bank, explore the teachers’ teaching and research mode that breaks through time and space constraints and combines “online + offline”, and enrich teaching and research activities. To form the co-construction and sharing of high-quality teaching resources, organize and carry out the regular “analytical chemistry course” virtual teaching and research platform teacher training. The aim is to build a platform for co-construction and sharing of analytical chemistry courses for college teachers in central, eastern, western and northeastern regions, and to build a college teaching and academic community of
This paper puts forward the general idea of building the virtual teaching and research platform of analytical chemistry course. Relying on the virtual teaching and research office of “analytical chemistry course”, the teaching and research activities related to curriculum ideological and political construction are widely carried out, “online analytical chemistry course group” is established, cross-school cooperation is made to build the national high-quality “analytical chemistry” teaching resource bank, explore the teachers’ teaching and research mode that breaks through time and space constraints and combines “online + offline”, and enrich teaching and research activities. To form the co-construction and sharing of high-quality teaching resources, organize and carry out the regular “analytical chemistry course” virtual teaching and research platform teacher training. The aim is to build a platform for co-construction and sharing of analytical chemistry courses for college teachers in central, eastern, western and northeastern regions, and to build a college teaching and academic community of
2023, 38(10): 14-21
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309072
Abstract:
Strengthening the development of grassroots teaching and research platform and fostering a system of moral cultivation are vital prerequisites for advancing the high-quality development of higher education in China. The virtual teaching and research platform represents an innovative approach within the realm of university-level educational organizations in the era of information technology. It also constitutes an integral component of China’s digital development strategy for higher education. This article presents an overview of a year-long pilot project involving the establishment of the virtual teaching and research platform for physical chemistry course in normal colleges. Employing information-driven intelligent teaching methods, we have conducted both online and offline teaching and research endeavors, combining virtual and real-world contexts within classroom instruction. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of the distinctive activities within our virtual teaching and research platform, which includes the exploration of an international teaching team built around Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Additionally, our unwavering commitment to teacher guidance has led to the expansion of our teaching and research activities for secondary school educators. Drawing from the experience of constructing the physical chemistry course at South China Normal University, we emphasize the collaborative and shared characteristics of VTRS in bolstering grassroots educational organizations in colleges.
Strengthening the development of grassroots teaching and research platform and fostering a system of moral cultivation are vital prerequisites for advancing the high-quality development of higher education in China. The virtual teaching and research platform represents an innovative approach within the realm of university-level educational organizations in the era of information technology. It also constitutes an integral component of China’s digital development strategy for higher education. This article presents an overview of a year-long pilot project involving the establishment of the virtual teaching and research platform for physical chemistry course in normal colleges. Employing information-driven intelligent teaching methods, we have conducted both online and offline teaching and research endeavors, combining virtual and real-world contexts within classroom instruction. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of the distinctive activities within our virtual teaching and research platform, which includes the exploration of an international teaching team built around Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Additionally, our unwavering commitment to teacher guidance has led to the expansion of our teaching and research activities for secondary school educators. Drawing from the experience of constructing the physical chemistry course at South China Normal University, we emphasize the collaborative and shared characteristics of VTRS in bolstering grassroots educational organizations in colleges.
2023, 38(10): 22-29
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308065
Abstract:
This paper presents the objectives and content related to the virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry. 36 universities participated in various teaching and research activities, grouped by different levels and specialties. The organizational structure and processes of the virtual teaching and research platform were detailed. We also summarized a series of cross-school teaching and research activities conducted since the inception of the platform. The primary focus was on the construction of teaching resources within the platform. By leveraging the strengths of educators from diverse schools, we advanced the construction of an interconnected, co-built, and shared virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry courses, contributing to a novel collaborative approach to teaching and research.
This paper presents the objectives and content related to the virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry. 36 universities participated in various teaching and research activities, grouped by different levels and specialties. The organizational structure and processes of the virtual teaching and research platform were detailed. We also summarized a series of cross-school teaching and research activities conducted since the inception of the platform. The primary focus was on the construction of teaching resources within the platform. By leveraging the strengths of educators from diverse schools, we advanced the construction of an interconnected, co-built, and shared virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry courses, contributing to a novel collaborative approach to teaching and research.
2023, 38(10): 30-36
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308050
Abstract:
This study investigates and analyzes the curriculum design, teaching content, and assessment methods of inorganic chemistry courses in seven Russell Group universities in the UK. By highlighting the similarities and differences in course characteristics and teaching methodologies between the two nations, the findings offer insights to inform potential teaching reforms for inorganic chemistry courses in Chinese universities.
This study investigates and analyzes the curriculum design, teaching content, and assessment methods of inorganic chemistry courses in seven Russell Group universities in the UK. By highlighting the similarities and differences in course characteristics and teaching methodologies between the two nations, the findings offer insights to inform potential teaching reforms for inorganic chemistry courses in Chinese universities.
2023, 38(10): 37-48
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309007
Abstract:
The Virtual Teaching and Research Platform of Chemistry Experiments Course Group has undertaken a series of initiatives aimed at innovating teaching and research methodologies, enhancing the quality of teaching and research, collaboratively constructing educational resources, and conducting faculty training. This paper presents the preliminary results achieved, with a specific focus on elucidating the formats of demonstration teaching activities in the form of live classes, as well as outlining the principles for selecting teaching content.
The Virtual Teaching and Research Platform of Chemistry Experiments Course Group has undertaken a series of initiatives aimed at innovating teaching and research methodologies, enhancing the quality of teaching and research, collaboratively constructing educational resources, and conducting faculty training. This paper presents the preliminary results achieved, with a specific focus on elucidating the formats of demonstration teaching activities in the form of live classes, as well as outlining the principles for selecting teaching content.
2023, 38(10): 49-55
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306069
Abstract:
This paper introduces the concept of knowledge graph, and explores its construction and application within the virtual teaching and research platform of the Ministry of Education. The findings presented in this paper have valuable insights for the implementation of knowledge graphs in virtual teaching and research platform.
This paper introduces the concept of knowledge graph, and explores its construction and application within the virtual teaching and research platform of the Ministry of Education. The findings presented in this paper have valuable insights for the implementation of knowledge graphs in virtual teaching and research platform.
2023, 38(10): 56-59
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307054
Abstract:
Drawing upon the high-quality resources of the virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry, this study delves into the construction of an organic chemistry knowledge graph. Knowledge units and points shape the hierarchical “nodes”, while the “relations” between these “nodes” weave a network that intimately integrates the course content. Collaboratively developed teaching resources are embedded into the knowledge graph, offering comprehensive support for talent development and pedagogical activities in organic chemistry.
Drawing upon the high-quality resources of the virtual teaching and research platform for organic chemistry, this study delves into the construction of an organic chemistry knowledge graph. Knowledge units and points shape the hierarchical “nodes”, while the “relations” between these “nodes” weave a network that intimately integrates the course content. Collaboratively developed teaching resources are embedded into the knowledge graph, offering comprehensive support for talent development and pedagogical activities in organic chemistry.
2023, 38(10): 60-64
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304041
Abstract:
The virtual teaching and research platform is an innovative exploration of the construction of grassroots teaching organizations in universities under the background of digital education. It plays an important role in promoting professional construction, curriculum construction, and teaching reform research. On the basis of introducing the integrated theory, this article explains the problems of insufficient innovation models, teacher matching, and intelligent resource integration in existing chemical engineering teaching and research rooms. By combining the integrated theory with the characteristics of the teaching and research platform, the expected state of the virtual teaching and research platform under the integrated theory was analyzed. Three ways to achieve virtual teaching and research have been explored, including creating a cross-border research model, constructing advanced guidance, and sharing online resources. The virtual teaching and research platform has improved the teaching ability of teachers and the quality of cultivating application-oriented talents in chemical engineering.
The virtual teaching and research platform is an innovative exploration of the construction of grassroots teaching organizations in universities under the background of digital education. It plays an important role in promoting professional construction, curriculum construction, and teaching reform research. On the basis of introducing the integrated theory, this article explains the problems of insufficient innovation models, teacher matching, and intelligent resource integration in existing chemical engineering teaching and research rooms. By combining the integrated theory with the characteristics of the teaching and research platform, the expected state of the virtual teaching and research platform under the integrated theory was analyzed. Three ways to achieve virtual teaching and research have been explored, including creating a cross-border research model, constructing advanced guidance, and sharing online resources. The virtual teaching and research platform has improved the teaching ability of teachers and the quality of cultivating application-oriented talents in chemical engineering.
2023, 38(10): 65-68
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306068
Abstract:
The project titled “Virtual Teaching and Research Platform for Chemistry (Education) Major Construction in Western Universities of China” was jointly proposed by six leading teaching universities situated in western China. The proposal received endorsement from the Ministry of Education of China on February 15, 2022. This paper succinctly discusses the background, the main contents, and some thoughts behind the proposal.
The project titled “Virtual Teaching and Research Platform for Chemistry (Education) Major Construction in Western Universities of China” was jointly proposed by six leading teaching universities situated in western China. The proposal received endorsement from the Ministry of Education of China on February 15, 2022. This paper succinctly discusses the background, the main contents, and some thoughts behind the proposal.
2023, 38(10): 69-74
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309075
Abstract:
The Virtual Teaching and Research Platform for Basic Engineering Chemistry Courses, established under the Ministry of Education, is a collaborative virtual organization comprising more than 10 universities and nearly 100 educators. Over time, it has expanded its reach to include 18 universities and close to 200 university educators. To facilitate communication, collaboration, and the sharing of resources among universities, and to overcome the limitations and constraints of traditional physical teaching and research sections, this virtual teaching and research platform has adopted a blended approach, combining online and offline methods for teaching and research. Its primary objectives include the collaborative development of high-quality educational resources, conducting research on teaching methods, nurturing a community of educators for professional growth, and promoting a culture of excellence, all aimed at significantly enhancing the teaching abilities of educators.
The Virtual Teaching and Research Platform for Basic Engineering Chemistry Courses, established under the Ministry of Education, is a collaborative virtual organization comprising more than 10 universities and nearly 100 educators. Over time, it has expanded its reach to include 18 universities and close to 200 university educators. To facilitate communication, collaboration, and the sharing of resources among universities, and to overcome the limitations and constraints of traditional physical teaching and research sections, this virtual teaching and research platform has adopted a blended approach, combining online and offline methods for teaching and research. Its primary objectives include the collaborative development of high-quality educational resources, conducting research on teaching methods, nurturing a community of educators for professional growth, and promoting a culture of excellence, all aimed at significantly enhancing the teaching abilities of educators.
2023, 38(10): 75-79
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309086
Abstract:
In the age of information technology, the establishment of a virtual teaching and research platform represents a crucial endeavor in reshaping educational organizations. It plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of university-level programs and fostering talent through collaborative resource sharing and multi-university cooperation. This article focuses on the utilization of the virtual teaching and research platform within national colleges and universities offering applied chemistry programs. The aim is to build a top-tier undergraduate applied chemistry program on a national scale and to explore the C4H4 spirit, inspired by the motto of South-Central Minzu University, which stands for “Clean Heart, Cautious Habit, Comparative Haecceity, and Clever Hands”. This exploration takes shape through various teaching and research methodologies, including seminars, experiential exchanges, demonstration lessons, project initiations, achievement showcases, and teacher training. Leveraging virtual teaching and research platform apps and online platforms, collaborative efforts are made to create and share resources such as teaching cases, virtual simulation projects, question banks, paper collections, knowledge graphs, teaching videos, electronic course materials, and data repositories. These collective endeavors aim to enhance students’ professional literacy, foster effective learning habits, and promote the development of professional thought processes and practical skills. The ultimate goal is to cultivate well-rounded and high-caliber innovative talents characterized by strong professionalism, a disciplined learning approach, a sharp professional mindset, and exceptional practical abilities, particularly suited for the needs of various nationalities.
In the age of information technology, the establishment of a virtual teaching and research platform represents a crucial endeavor in reshaping educational organizations. It plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of university-level programs and fostering talent through collaborative resource sharing and multi-university cooperation. This article focuses on the utilization of the virtual teaching and research platform within national colleges and universities offering applied chemistry programs. The aim is to build a top-tier undergraduate applied chemistry program on a national scale and to explore the C4H4 spirit, inspired by the motto of South-Central Minzu University, which stands for “Clean Heart, Cautious Habit, Comparative Haecceity, and Clever Hands”. This exploration takes shape through various teaching and research methodologies, including seminars, experiential exchanges, demonstration lessons, project initiations, achievement showcases, and teacher training. Leveraging virtual teaching and research platform apps and online platforms, collaborative efforts are made to create and share resources such as teaching cases, virtual simulation projects, question banks, paper collections, knowledge graphs, teaching videos, electronic course materials, and data repositories. These collective endeavors aim to enhance students’ professional literacy, foster effective learning habits, and promote the development of professional thought processes and practical skills. The ultimate goal is to cultivate well-rounded and high-caliber innovative talents characterized by strong professionalism, a disciplined learning approach, a sharp professional mindset, and exceptional practical abilities, particularly suited for the needs of various nationalities.
2023, 38(10): 80-88
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305009
Abstract:
Relying on XuetangX, a virtual teaching and research section among local universities is built for basic chemistry courses, and the construction goals and contents are proposed. A hierarchical organizational structure of this virtual teaching and research section is established by means of a “director-branch” mode, and the platform is developed via a pattern of modularization. On-line and off-line teaching resources of courses are collaboratively constructed and shared. Teaching and research activities are organized on a regular basis. Teachers’ teaching and researching ability is enhanced through training. The aim is to create and build a shared platform and teaching academic community for the construction of basic chemistry courses at local universities.
Relying on XuetangX, a virtual teaching and research section among local universities is built for basic chemistry courses, and the construction goals and contents are proposed. A hierarchical organizational structure of this virtual teaching and research section is established by means of a “director-branch” mode, and the platform is developed via a pattern of modularization. On-line and off-line teaching resources of courses are collaboratively constructed and shared. Teaching and research activities are organized on a regular basis. Teachers’ teaching and researching ability is enhanced through training. The aim is to create and build a shared platform and teaching academic community for the construction of basic chemistry courses at local universities.
2023, 38(10): 89-94
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306059
Abstract:
Virtual teaching and research platforms are an important exploration of new grassroots teaching organizations in the “intelligence +” age, and they are an inevitable requirement and important support for promoting high-quality and connotative development of higher education. This paper combines the concept of community with the university teaching and research offices, and constructs the teaching and research platforms based on the theory of Community sense of Chinese nation. This paper studied the theory and practice of the construction of “Virtual Teaching and Research Platform of Applied Chemistry Major in Ethnic Universities” led by South-Central Minzu University. From micro-grasp to macro-control, this teaching and research office played an important role in the grass-roots teaching organization, and promoted the improvement of the quality of talent training in higher education.
Virtual teaching and research platforms are an important exploration of new grassroots teaching organizations in the “intelligence +” age, and they are an inevitable requirement and important support for promoting high-quality and connotative development of higher education. This paper combines the concept of community with the university teaching and research offices, and constructs the teaching and research platforms based on the theory of Community sense of Chinese nation. This paper studied the theory and practice of the construction of “Virtual Teaching and Research Platform of Applied Chemistry Major in Ethnic Universities” led by South-Central Minzu University. From micro-grasp to macro-control, this teaching and research office played an important role in the grass-roots teaching organization, and promoted the improvement of the quality of talent training in higher education.
2023, 38(10): 95-102
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305059
Abstract:
The design of case studies for ideological and political education in courses is one of the important tasks of constructing a virtual teaching and research platform. This paper aims at the Kjeldahl method and carries out a diversified and integrated innovative case design of ideological and political education. Centering on the formation of students’ core chemical literacy, the teaching content and links are designed from four modules: subject concept, scientific thinking, exploratory innovation, and attitudes and values, and integrated into the BOPPPS classroom-teaching model. This design effectively enhances the high-level, innovative, and challenging nature of the course, implicitly integrate ideological and political elements into the teaching process. This teaching design achieves the teaching goal of integrating knowledge transmission, ability cultivation, and value leadership.
The design of case studies for ideological and political education in courses is one of the important tasks of constructing a virtual teaching and research platform. This paper aims at the Kjeldahl method and carries out a diversified and integrated innovative case design of ideological and political education. Centering on the formation of students’ core chemical literacy, the teaching content and links are designed from four modules: subject concept, scientific thinking, exploratory innovation, and attitudes and values, and integrated into the BOPPPS classroom-teaching model. This design effectively enhances the high-level, innovative, and challenging nature of the course, implicitly integrate ideological and political elements into the teaching process. This teaching design achieves the teaching goal of integrating knowledge transmission, ability cultivation, and value leadership.
2023, 38(10): 103-108
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307009
Abstract:
This paper aims to demonstrate how to seamlessly integrate ideological and political cases, such as the application of CO2 supercritical state and its refrigeration effect in making ices and snows for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, into classroom teaching with using the “flipped classroom” approach. By connecting these cases with the underlying physical and chemical principles behind key concepts and technologies, students can gain a deeper understanding of the crucial role played by physical chemistry in addressing our country’s major needs, while also building their confidence in the chemistry discipline. Moreover, this integration enhances their awareness of applying knowledge for serving our nation and promoting green development, fostering their spirit of innovation and exploration. As one of knowledge difficulties and application hotspots in the chapter of single component phase diagram, the supercritical state of CO2and its application often appear as knowledge expansions in textbooks, which are hard for students to comprehend. In view of this, we prioritize the explaining of the physical and chemical principles behind the supercritical state and refrigeration technology of CO2, then seamlessly integrate ideological and political education based on the inherent connections between different knowledge domains. To maximize the effectiveness of ideological and political education, we employ a combination of task-driven independent learning, the flipped classroom model, and after-school extensions. This comprehensive approach empowers students to independently explore ideological and political materials, perform self-guided ideological and political education and achieve the integrated teaching goals of value shaping, knowledge imparting, and ability cultivation.
This paper aims to demonstrate how to seamlessly integrate ideological and political cases, such as the application of CO2 supercritical state and its refrigeration effect in making ices and snows for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, into classroom teaching with using the “flipped classroom” approach. By connecting these cases with the underlying physical and chemical principles behind key concepts and technologies, students can gain a deeper understanding of the crucial role played by physical chemistry in addressing our country’s major needs, while also building their confidence in the chemistry discipline. Moreover, this integration enhances their awareness of applying knowledge for serving our nation and promoting green development, fostering their spirit of innovation and exploration. As one of knowledge difficulties and application hotspots in the chapter of single component phase diagram, the supercritical state of CO2and its application often appear as knowledge expansions in textbooks, which are hard for students to comprehend. In view of this, we prioritize the explaining of the physical and chemical principles behind the supercritical state and refrigeration technology of CO2, then seamlessly integrate ideological and political education based on the inherent connections between different knowledge domains. To maximize the effectiveness of ideological and political education, we employ a combination of task-driven independent learning, the flipped classroom model, and after-school extensions. This comprehensive approach empowers students to independently explore ideological and political materials, perform self-guided ideological and political education and achieve the integrated teaching goals of value shaping, knowledge imparting, and ability cultivation.
2023, 38(10): 109-114
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306031
Abstract:
Fostering virtue through education is one of the fundamental task of education, and curriculum ideology and politics is an important measure for universities to implement this fundamental task. Therefore, it is one of the important projects for teachers to organically integrate ideological and political education into the teaching of college courses. The organic chemistry teaching content contains various ideological and political elements, which is closely related to the development of human society and daily life, and provides a large number of ideological and political education elements for ideological and political education. Taking the teaching of alcohols and phenols as an example, this paper deeply explores the elements of ideological and political education from four aspects: the relationship between the structure and properties of alcohols, the origin of nitroglycerin and Nobel as well as Nobel Prizes, the reaction of alcohol and thionyl chloride, the application of picric acid and related historical events, and organically integrates them into the teaching of organic chemistry. In the process of knowledge imparting, patriotism, the concept of materialist dialectics, the sense of social responsibility, scientific literacy and the concept of green chemistry, and implement the fundamental task of cultivating virtue and cultivating people.
Fostering virtue through education is one of the fundamental task of education, and curriculum ideology and politics is an important measure for universities to implement this fundamental task. Therefore, it is one of the important projects for teachers to organically integrate ideological and political education into the teaching of college courses. The organic chemistry teaching content contains various ideological and political elements, which is closely related to the development of human society and daily life, and provides a large number of ideological and political education elements for ideological and political education. Taking the teaching of alcohols and phenols as an example, this paper deeply explores the elements of ideological and political education from four aspects: the relationship between the structure and properties of alcohols, the origin of nitroglycerin and Nobel as well as Nobel Prizes, the reaction of alcohol and thionyl chloride, the application of picric acid and related historical events, and organically integrates them into the teaching of organic chemistry. In the process of knowledge imparting, patriotism, the concept of materialist dialectics, the sense of social responsibility, scientific literacy and the concept of green chemistry, and implement the fundamental task of cultivating virtue and cultivating people.
2023, 38(10): 115-120
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202305003
Abstract:
The incorporation of ideological and political elements into the process of professional teaching is the value orientation and an inevitable trend in the ongoing reform of higher education curricula. Drawing upon the author’s extensive experience in teaching university-level chemistry courses and the demands for establishing virtual teaching and research facilities, this article explores and examines the implementation and application of ideological and political education in university chemistry courses from four distinct perspectives: top-level teaching design, course optimization, cultivation of practical abilities, and enhancement of teachers’ moral education capabilities. The goal is to offer a fresh perspective for engineering universities in their endeavor to nurture skilled individuals who embody the spirit of the nation in this new era.
The incorporation of ideological and political elements into the process of professional teaching is the value orientation and an inevitable trend in the ongoing reform of higher education curricula. Drawing upon the author’s extensive experience in teaching university-level chemistry courses and the demands for establishing virtual teaching and research facilities, this article explores and examines the implementation and application of ideological and political education in university chemistry courses from four distinct perspectives: top-level teaching design, course optimization, cultivation of practical abilities, and enhancement of teachers’ moral education capabilities. The goal is to offer a fresh perspective for engineering universities in their endeavor to nurture skilled individuals who embody the spirit of the nation in this new era.
2023, 38(10): 121-128
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212070
Abstract:
Here, we propose that the instrumental analysis course should be reformed by combining online teaching resources and platforms to realize the teaching concept of “learning from practice”. Briefly, before classes, the new contents of new chapters are introduced to students by taking examples of related real cases in daily life and in the real industrial or academic fields to promote interest on the new classes. The fundamental knowledge on instrument structures and principles could be introduced in class by showing the real parts of the instruments or associating the real conditions in analysis, so that the students could have a better understanding of abstract concepts. In the class activities, the establishment of real instrumental analytical methods is practiced utilizing online teaching platforms to enhance the students’ ability to understand and apply knowledge. After classes, open projects to improve the analytical instruments are assigned to students as homework to further improve their innovation ability. Finally, a case study on “chromatography” is presented to introduce the detailed methods for practicing the teaching mode.
Here, we propose that the instrumental analysis course should be reformed by combining online teaching resources and platforms to realize the teaching concept of “learning from practice”. Briefly, before classes, the new contents of new chapters are introduced to students by taking examples of related real cases in daily life and in the real industrial or academic fields to promote interest on the new classes. The fundamental knowledge on instrument structures and principles could be introduced in class by showing the real parts of the instruments or associating the real conditions in analysis, so that the students could have a better understanding of abstract concepts. In the class activities, the establishment of real instrumental analytical methods is practiced utilizing online teaching platforms to enhance the students’ ability to understand and apply knowledge. After classes, open projects to improve the analytical instruments are assigned to students as homework to further improve their innovation ability. Finally, a case study on “chromatography” is presented to introduce the detailed methods for practicing the teaching mode.
2023, 38(10): 129-136
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212038
Abstract:
“Phase equilibrium” is one of the most crucial parts in the physical chemistry curriculum. Considering the subject “single component phase diagram analysis” as an example, this paper presents the teaching content, teaching objectives, teaching ideas, teaching design, and complete teaching activities in detail with respect to the “question inquiry” teaching mode. Results show that students learned to find, analyze, and solve problems and achieved better results.
“Phase equilibrium” is one of the most crucial parts in the physical chemistry curriculum. Considering the subject “single component phase diagram analysis” as an example, this paper presents the teaching content, teaching objectives, teaching ideas, teaching design, and complete teaching activities in detail with respect to the “question inquiry” teaching mode. Results show that students learned to find, analyze, and solve problems and achieved better results.
2023, 38(10): 137-142
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301043
Abstract:
Taking the theory and laboratory instruction of complexometric titration as an example, the integration of instruction strategy of theory and practice is discussed to cultivate students’ core learning ability based on problem-based learning (PBL).
Taking the theory and laboratory instruction of complexometric titration as an example, the integration of instruction strategy of theory and practice is discussed to cultivate students’ core learning ability based on problem-based learning (PBL).
2023, 38(10): 143-149
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212075
Abstract:
In the era of increasing advanced science and technology, it is one of the important tasks for the teaching practice of Analytical Chemistry 2 to explore how to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with both professional competence and moral integrity. Currently, the classic teaching content of Analytical Chemistry 2 is considered to lack Chinese elements, have loose connections between theoretical knowledge and practice, and to operate outside the forefront of the discipline’s development. To address these issues, we have been enriching teaching contents and polishing our teaching ability by integrating ideological and political cases, social hotspot cases, and scientific cutting-edge progress into the classic teaching contents, promoting the dual education functions of natural science and ideological and political education in Analytical Chemistry 2, and exploring the way to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with both professional competence and moral integrity.
In the era of increasing advanced science and technology, it is one of the important tasks for the teaching practice of Analytical Chemistry 2 to explore how to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with both professional competence and moral integrity. Currently, the classic teaching content of Analytical Chemistry 2 is considered to lack Chinese elements, have loose connections between theoretical knowledge and practice, and to operate outside the forefront of the discipline’s development. To address these issues, we have been enriching teaching contents and polishing our teaching ability by integrating ideological and political cases, social hotspot cases, and scientific cutting-edge progress into the classic teaching contents, promoting the dual education functions of natural science and ideological and political education in Analytical Chemistry 2, and exploring the way to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with both professional competence and moral integrity.
2023, 38(10): 150-161
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212072
Abstract:
In view of the insufficient educational function in the previous teaching design for “redox reaction and electrochemical application” in inorganic chemistry, we reconstructed the teaching content, which kept the previous framework and highlighted the core content and cutting-edge development of redox reaction and electrochemical applications. Assisted by online and traditional teaching modes, a new teaching strategy was established, which can well infiltrate innovative thinking and scientific research methods to the students. In such a new system, the new teaching strategy can hopefully realize
In view of the insufficient educational function in the previous teaching design for “redox reaction and electrochemical application” in inorganic chemistry, we reconstructed the teaching content, which kept the previous framework and highlighted the core content and cutting-edge development of redox reaction and electrochemical applications. Assisted by online and traditional teaching modes, a new teaching strategy was established, which can well infiltrate innovative thinking and scientific research methods to the students. In such a new system, the new teaching strategy can hopefully realize
2023, 38(10): 162-170
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301030
Abstract:
Instrumental analysis is a comprehensive course for third-year chemistry undergraduates in our school, which is of great significance to the integration and sublimation of students’ previous knowledge. Given several major problems accumulated in the teaching of instrumental analysis course at present, our school actively integrated teaching resources and built micro-class assisted task-driven flipped classroom based on “one platform, two regions and five modules”, aiming at creating “golden class” of instrumental analysis in colleges and universities, eliminating “water class”, and improving teaching and learning quality. This teaching mode has achieved good results in the online and offline integrated teaching practice carried out by our university under the epidemic situation in recent years. It has improved the teaching ability of university teachers and cultivated students’ good learning habits and scientific research spirit. It is of great significance to the construction of university teachers’ teams and the output of instrumental analysis comprehensive talents in the new era.
Instrumental analysis is a comprehensive course for third-year chemistry undergraduates in our school, which is of great significance to the integration and sublimation of students’ previous knowledge. Given several major problems accumulated in the teaching of instrumental analysis course at present, our school actively integrated teaching resources and built micro-class assisted task-driven flipped classroom based on “one platform, two regions and five modules”, aiming at creating “golden class” of instrumental analysis in colleges and universities, eliminating “water class”, and improving teaching and learning quality. This teaching mode has achieved good results in the online and offline integrated teaching practice carried out by our university under the epidemic situation in recent years. It has improved the teaching ability of university teachers and cultivated students’ good learning habits and scientific research spirit. It is of great significance to the construction of university teachers’ teams and the output of instrumental analysis comprehensive talents in the new era.
2023, 38(10): 171-178
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302038
Abstract:
In response to the current situation that the traditional classroom teaching mode of “knowing and then doing” in chemistry of the elements is “hard for the teacher and boring for the listener”, we took the teaching design of “halogenated oxygenates and their salts” as an example. We designed situational questions to implement a student-centered “doing while knowing” teaching mode through the PBL (problem-based learning) teaching method and the flipped classroom. This teaching practice provides ideas for process reengineering, paradigm reconstruction and model innovation for the flipped classroom teaching reform of the halogen chapter.
In response to the current situation that the traditional classroom teaching mode of “knowing and then doing” in chemistry of the elements is “hard for the teacher and boring for the listener”, we took the teaching design of “halogenated oxygenates and their salts” as an example. We designed situational questions to implement a student-centered “doing while knowing” teaching mode through the PBL (problem-based learning) teaching method and the flipped classroom. This teaching practice provides ideas for process reengineering, paradigm reconstruction and model innovation for the flipped classroom teaching reform of the halogen chapter.
2023, 38(10): 179-184
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301003
Abstract:
An analytical chemistry experimental course should include theoretical, practical, and applicable properties, which mainly trains students to standardize operations and cultivates their ability to apply theoretical knowledge of analytical chemistry to address practical problems. Currently, a serious disconnect between experimental and theoretical knowledge exists as students are used to “taking prescriptions as prescribed”. This study applies a problem-based learning method to the experimental teaching of analytical chemistry. To promote effective integration between experimental and theoretical teaching, teaching reform was performed by improving teaching mode, perfecting course content, and optimizing examination methods. This can completely mobilize students’ learning autonomy and cultivate their abilities to observe, think, analyze, and solve problems. In this manner, the teaching effect of the experimental course was effectively improved.
An analytical chemistry experimental course should include theoretical, practical, and applicable properties, which mainly trains students to standardize operations and cultivates their ability to apply theoretical knowledge of analytical chemistry to address practical problems. Currently, a serious disconnect between experimental and theoretical knowledge exists as students are used to “taking prescriptions as prescribed”. This study applies a problem-based learning method to the experimental teaching of analytical chemistry. To promote effective integration between experimental and theoretical teaching, teaching reform was performed by improving teaching mode, perfecting course content, and optimizing examination methods. This can completely mobilize students’ learning autonomy and cultivate their abilities to observe, think, analyze, and solve problems. In this manner, the teaching effect of the experimental course was effectively improved.
2023, 38(10): 185-193
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212071
Abstract:
As the basic course of chemical, biology and related majors in our university, organic chemistry experiment has the characteristics of combining theory and practice, knowledge and innovation. Based on PBL, the teaching design of Benzoin condensation reaction can embody the educational concept of “problem-driven, student-oriented, teacher-guided and education as the goal”. The teaching design is fully integrated with the curriculum of ideology and politics, which could not only enhance the enthusiasm of students to participate in teaching, but also effectively improve their professional ability and comprehensive quality. The course achieves the win-win situation between teaching and educating.
As the basic course of chemical, biology and related majors in our university, organic chemistry experiment has the characteristics of combining theory and practice, knowledge and innovation. Based on PBL, the teaching design of Benzoin condensation reaction can embody the educational concept of “problem-driven, student-oriented, teacher-guided and education as the goal”. The teaching design is fully integrated with the curriculum of ideology and politics, which could not only enhance the enthusiasm of students to participate in teaching, but also effectively improve their professional ability and comprehensive quality. The course achieves the win-win situation between teaching and educating.
2023, 38(10): 194-198
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302029
Abstract:
Using the synthesis of isoamyl acetate as an example, we will introduce an innovation of the basic experimental organic chemistry teaching adopted in our university. The experimental design will encourage students to consider the “problem” as a clue and analyze the processes and steps of experiments based on questions, improving the students’ thinking and research abilities.
Using the synthesis of isoamyl acetate as an example, we will introduce an innovation of the basic experimental organic chemistry teaching adopted in our university. The experimental design will encourage students to consider the “problem” as a clue and analyze the processes and steps of experiments based on questions, improving the students’ thinking and research abilities.
2023, 38(10): 199-208
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301027
Abstract:
In the outcome-based teaching activities of investigational experiments and innovative capacity development, a three-stage teaching process is designed to enable students to experience the whole process of scientific research and develop research skills in the experimental learning process. The three stages are design, implementation, and conclusion of the program. This paper demonstrates the results of teaching activity based on an example of a student’s lab report written in the form of a published paper. To investigate the Fischer esterification reaction under ultrasonic assisted conditions, the report compares the catalytic efficiency of different catalysts for the reaction using the esterification synthesis reaction of ethyl benzoate as an example. The results indicate that acid-loaded montmorillonite K-10 catalysis is significantly better than sulfuric acid catalysis. The report also compares the powder X-ray diffraction spectra of montmorillonite before and after modification, and provides a preliminary discussion of the mechanism. The reaction conditions are mild, and have implications for the synthesis of small molecule esters.
In the outcome-based teaching activities of investigational experiments and innovative capacity development, a three-stage teaching process is designed to enable students to experience the whole process of scientific research and develop research skills in the experimental learning process. The three stages are design, implementation, and conclusion of the program. This paper demonstrates the results of teaching activity based on an example of a student’s lab report written in the form of a published paper. To investigate the Fischer esterification reaction under ultrasonic assisted conditions, the report compares the catalytic efficiency of different catalysts for the reaction using the esterification synthesis reaction of ethyl benzoate as an example. The results indicate that acid-loaded montmorillonite K-10 catalysis is significantly better than sulfuric acid catalysis. The report also compares the powder X-ray diffraction spectra of montmorillonite before and after modification, and provides a preliminary discussion of the mechanism. The reaction conditions are mild, and have implications for the synthesis of small molecule esters.
2023, 38(10): 209-217
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301031
Abstract:
According to the professional differences of undergraduates, based on the content of “α-H and aldol condensation reaction in aldehydes/ketones”, the case teaching method with professional characteristics was used in the course of organic chemistry. Focusing on the improvement of ability, quality and the integration of curriculum theory, the problem of homogeneity of organic chemistry curriculum systems in different majors is broken, and an effective way to meet the requirements of professional talent training in the new era is explored.
According to the professional differences of undergraduates, based on the content of “α-H and aldol condensation reaction in aldehydes/ketones”, the case teaching method with professional characteristics was used in the course of organic chemistry. Focusing on the improvement of ability, quality and the integration of curriculum theory, the problem of homogeneity of organic chemistry curriculum systems in different majors is broken, and an effective way to meet the requirements of professional talent training in the new era is explored.
2023, 38(10): 218-224
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301022
Abstract:
Amino acids with different optical activities and stereo-configurations have different physiological activities and effects. Therefore, it is important to achieve the chiral separation of amino acids effectively. Chromatography is a commonly used method for the chiral separation and detection of amino acids, and is characterized by high separation efficiency, high speed, sensitivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In this paper, we review the recent progress of chromatographic methods in the chiral separation and analysis of amino acids and provide an outlook on their development trends.
Amino acids with different optical activities and stereo-configurations have different physiological activities and effects. Therefore, it is important to achieve the chiral separation of amino acids effectively. Chromatography is a commonly used method for the chiral separation and detection of amino acids, and is characterized by high separation efficiency, high speed, sensitivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In this paper, we review the recent progress of chromatographic methods in the chiral separation and analysis of amino acids and provide an outlook on their development trends.
Design and Construction of a Teaching Mass Spectrometer and Its Application in Experimental Teaching
2023, 38(10): 225-234
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212050
Abstract:
The design concept and basic structure of a teaching mass spectrometer are introduced. The mass spectrometer is modular and comprises a sample input system, an ion source, a mass analyzer, a detector, a vacuum system, a control system, and a computer system. Therefore, students can independently assemble and adjust the mass spectrometer. Considering the “Construction, debugging, and application of a teaching mass spectrometer” experiment as an example, the application of the teaching mass spectrometer in experimental teaching is introduced. By independently assembling the instrument, students should become intimately familiar with mass spectrometers. In addition, students should gain a thorough understanding of mass spectrometry and instrument structure, thereby improving their practical skills and knowledge.
The design concept and basic structure of a teaching mass spectrometer are introduced. The mass spectrometer is modular and comprises a sample input system, an ion source, a mass analyzer, a detector, a vacuum system, a control system, and a computer system. Therefore, students can independently assemble and adjust the mass spectrometer. Considering the “Construction, debugging, and application of a teaching mass spectrometer” experiment as an example, the application of the teaching mass spectrometer in experimental teaching is introduced. By independently assembling the instrument, students should become intimately familiar with mass spectrometers. In addition, students should gain a thorough understanding of mass spectrometry and instrument structure, thereby improving their practical skills and knowledge.
2023, 38(10): 235-242
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301036
Abstract:
Instrument analysis experiment is an important practical course. It’s the basis for cultivating students’ innovative awareness and improving students’ comprehensive quality. “Self-designed experiment” adheres to the principal position of students, guides students to consult literature and formulate experimental plans by themselves. It effectively integrates the key points of knowledge into the experimental process under the assistance and guidance of teachers, so as to deepen the theoretical learning and the practical application. In this experiment, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the content of metal elements in different kinds of tea. The influence of soaking time and the number of soaking on the dissolution of metal elements was investigated to identify whether it met the requirements of national standards, and the existing literature data were compared to supplement and improve. It provides the theoretical basis and guidance for people to choose the way of brewing tea. “Self-designed experiment” closely links chemistry with daily life, stimulates students’ learning enthusiasm and exploration spirit, aims to strengthen students’ experimental operation ability and autonomous learning ability, and enhance students’ innovative awareness and practical spirit.
Instrument analysis experiment is an important practical course. It’s the basis for cultivating students’ innovative awareness and improving students’ comprehensive quality. “Self-designed experiment” adheres to the principal position of students, guides students to consult literature and formulate experimental plans by themselves. It effectively integrates the key points of knowledge into the experimental process under the assistance and guidance of teachers, so as to deepen the theoretical learning and the practical application. In this experiment, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the content of metal elements in different kinds of tea. The influence of soaking time and the number of soaking on the dissolution of metal elements was investigated to identify whether it met the requirements of national standards, and the existing literature data were compared to supplement and improve. It provides the theoretical basis and guidance for people to choose the way of brewing tea. “Self-designed experiment” closely links chemistry with daily life, stimulates students’ learning enthusiasm and exploration spirit, aims to strengthen students’ experimental operation ability and autonomous learning ability, and enhance students’ innovative awareness and practical spirit.
2023, 38(10): 243-249
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301023
Abstract:
This study presents a research-oriented comprehensive chemistry experiment project. Specifically, a fluorometric sensor based on a nickel nanocluster (NiNC)–europium complex (denoted as NiNCs-Eu3+) was developed for the detection of tetracyclines (TCs). This experiment includes the preparation and characterization of NiNCs-Eu3+, performance analysis of the response to TCs, construction of the paper-based sensor, and investigation of its visual identification. Overall, this “visible” integrated chemistry experiment is expected to promote the development of comprehensive experimental skills and research capabilities of students because it involves a strongly comprehensive process and simple operation and exhibits high feasibility.
This study presents a research-oriented comprehensive chemistry experiment project. Specifically, a fluorometric sensor based on a nickel nanocluster (NiNC)–europium complex (denoted as NiNCs-Eu3+) was developed for the detection of tetracyclines (TCs). This experiment includes the preparation and characterization of NiNCs-Eu3+, performance analysis of the response to TCs, construction of the paper-based sensor, and investigation of its visual identification. Overall, this “visible” integrated chemistry experiment is expected to promote the development of comprehensive experimental skills and research capabilities of students because it involves a strongly comprehensive process and simple operation and exhibits high feasibility.
2023, 38(10): 250-257
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212063
Abstract:
The comprehensive experiment of organic chemistry is conducive to training students’ experimental skills, cultivating their innovative ability, and stimulating their independent thinking ability and research consciousness. This article presents a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment in which 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-diethyl diformate and 1-benzyl-4-benzylidene-2,3-pyrrolidone were used as reactants to synthesize 2-benzyl-3,4-dicarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-vinyl-2-azanone-7,7-dicarboxylate ethyl ester by palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS characterized the structure of the product.
The comprehensive experiment of organic chemistry is conducive to training students’ experimental skills, cultivating their innovative ability, and stimulating their independent thinking ability and research consciousness. This article presents a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment in which 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-diethyl diformate and 1-benzyl-4-benzylidene-2,3-pyrrolidone were used as reactants to synthesize 2-benzyl-3,4-dicarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-vinyl-2-azanone-7,7-dicarboxylate ethyl ester by palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS characterized the structure of the product.
2023, 38(10): 258-265
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301016
Abstract:
This work describes a research-oriented computational chemistry experiment for senior undergraduates. The Baeyer-Villiger (B-V) reaction is one of the most useful reactions in organic chemistry, and is also an important teaching topic, yet the migratory aptitude of the various substituents is still debatable and these controversies are often neglected during the teaching and learning process. In this experiment, the reaction mechanism and migratory aptitude of the B-V rearrangement are studied by performing quantum chemistry calculations with the Gaussian program. The purposes of this experiment are to train students to conduct scientific research using chemical computational methods, cultivate students’ critical thinking ability, and improve students’ scientific research literacy.
This work describes a research-oriented computational chemistry experiment for senior undergraduates. The Baeyer-Villiger (B-V) reaction is one of the most useful reactions in organic chemistry, and is also an important teaching topic, yet the migratory aptitude of the various substituents is still debatable and these controversies are often neglected during the teaching and learning process. In this experiment, the reaction mechanism and migratory aptitude of the B-V rearrangement are studied by performing quantum chemistry calculations with the Gaussian program. The purposes of this experiment are to train students to conduct scientific research using chemical computational methods, cultivate students’ critical thinking ability, and improve students’ scientific research literacy.
2023, 38(10): 266-273
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301028
Abstract:
The reaction between acetone and iodine is a typical dynamic experiment. However, students are often troubled by the failure to record sufficient experimental data. Here, a fading reaction system was introduced based on the oxidation of Evans blue by potassium bromate in the presence of sodium nitrite. The reaction was a first-order reaction for both Evans blue and bromate, while nitrite exhibited a significant catalytic effect. Based on the apparent rate constants in the absence and presence of nitrite under different temperatures, the apparent activation energy was calculated. For students, the proposed experiment helps them acquire a deeper understanding of relevant chemical kinetics knowledge and develop comprehensive experimental ability. In addition, it is also an ideal substitute for the basic experiment, i.e., the reaction between acetone and iodine.
The reaction between acetone and iodine is a typical dynamic experiment. However, students are often troubled by the failure to record sufficient experimental data. Here, a fading reaction system was introduced based on the oxidation of Evans blue by potassium bromate in the presence of sodium nitrite. The reaction was a first-order reaction for both Evans blue and bromate, while nitrite exhibited a significant catalytic effect. Based on the apparent rate constants in the absence and presence of nitrite under different temperatures, the apparent activation energy was calculated. For students, the proposed experiment helps them acquire a deeper understanding of relevant chemical kinetics knowledge and develop comprehensive experimental ability. In addition, it is also an ideal substitute for the basic experiment, i.e., the reaction between acetone and iodine.
2023, 38(10): 274-279
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302036
Abstract:
“Fluorescent detection of vitamin B2 (VB2)” is a commonly used experiment in undergraduate students’ instrumental analysis course; however, it provides limited experimental content and inadequate training for students. Spinach is a green vegetable with relatively high VB2 content, but the blanching treatment, which is used to remove oxalic acid, inevitably results in the partial loss of VB2. Herein, we demonstrate that fluorescent analysis can be used to determine the amount of VB2 released from spinach during blanching treatment. Based on this, we propose a teaching reform idea of adding measurement of the time-dependent VB2loss rate during blanching to undergraduate experimental education. This would not only greatly enrich the original experimental content, but also make the experiment more interesting and relevant to human life, and improve students’ ability to apply what they have learned to practical problems.
“Fluorescent detection of vitamin B2 (VB2)” is a commonly used experiment in undergraduate students’ instrumental analysis course; however, it provides limited experimental content and inadequate training for students. Spinach is a green vegetable with relatively high VB2 content, but the blanching treatment, which is used to remove oxalic acid, inevitably results in the partial loss of VB2. Herein, we demonstrate that fluorescent analysis can be used to determine the amount of VB2 released from spinach during blanching treatment. Based on this, we propose a teaching reform idea of adding measurement of the time-dependent VB2loss rate during blanching to undergraduate experimental education. This would not only greatly enrich the original experimental content, but also make the experiment more interesting and relevant to human life, and improve students’ ability to apply what they have learned to practical problems.
2023, 38(10): 280-287
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302001
Abstract:
The College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Qingdao Agricultural University built a four-in-one laboratory safety system on “education, management, examination, and practice”. For the education aspect, we proposed a “multi-branched institution, multi-channel, diversified, multi-level, whole-process” system to promote laboratory safety education. The management defined the responsible person, positions, responsibilities, and regulations to promote laboratory safety control and emphasize on the management of key parts of the laboratory. We follow the fore aspects of “all members, full time, total factor, full coverage” to promote the normalization and institutionalization of laboratory safety inspections. In practice, the teachers and students were guided to pay attention to simulation drills and constantly improve their safety prevention abilities. Thus, we established a four-in-one laboratory safety system on “education, management, examination, practice”, which effectively ensures safe laboratory practices and can provide a useful reference for the safe management of chemical laboratories in universities.
The College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Qingdao Agricultural University built a four-in-one laboratory safety system on “education, management, examination, and practice”. For the education aspect, we proposed a “multi-branched institution, multi-channel, diversified, multi-level, whole-process” system to promote laboratory safety education. The management defined the responsible person, positions, responsibilities, and regulations to promote laboratory safety control and emphasize on the management of key parts of the laboratory. We follow the fore aspects of “all members, full time, total factor, full coverage” to promote the normalization and institutionalization of laboratory safety inspections. In practice, the teachers and students were guided to pay attention to simulation drills and constantly improve their safety prevention abilities. Thus, we established a four-in-one laboratory safety system on “education, management, examination, practice”, which effectively ensures safe laboratory practices and can provide a useful reference for the safe management of chemical laboratories in universities.
2023, 38(10): 288-292
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302012
Abstract:
“Determining the heat of combustion” represents a familiar lab experiment that primarily provides a thermochemical understanding of combustion enthalpies. The experimental modification presented here is based on the practical production of commercial phthalic anhydride. Here, the reaction enthalpy is estimated by determining the heat of combustion of naphthalene, o-xylene, phthalic acid, and phthalic acid anhydride. This design may not only improve experimental contents but also strengthen practical applications of the heat of combustion. All required experimental reagents are cheap and readily available, and their heat of combustion can be measured accurately, making calculations of the overall reaction heat reliable. Moreover, a combined schedule of online and offline flipped learning will be implemented during the experiment; thus, enthalpy calculations for different reactions are expected to require cooperation among students. This modification may therefore be helpful for cultivating self-directed learning and teamwork among students.
“Determining the heat of combustion” represents a familiar lab experiment that primarily provides a thermochemical understanding of combustion enthalpies. The experimental modification presented here is based on the practical production of commercial phthalic anhydride. Here, the reaction enthalpy is estimated by determining the heat of combustion of naphthalene, o-xylene, phthalic acid, and phthalic acid anhydride. This design may not only improve experimental contents but also strengthen practical applications of the heat of combustion. All required experimental reagents are cheap and readily available, and their heat of combustion can be measured accurately, making calculations of the overall reaction heat reliable. Moreover, a combined schedule of online and offline flipped learning will be implemented during the experiment; thus, enthalpy calculations for different reactions are expected to require cooperation among students. This modification may therefore be helpful for cultivating self-directed learning and teamwork among students.
2023, 38(10): 293-299
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202302028
Abstract:
Inorganic semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots have been widely used in the fields of biomedical detection, display devices, photocatalysis due to their unique optical properties. This paper has designed a research-type intermediate inorganic experiment on the synthesis and optical property regulation of CdSe quantum dots. Following the student-centric and teacher-led teaching mode, the students are encouraged to make reasonable improvements to reduce the requirement on strict experimental conditions used in the scientific research. The topic of the experiment can broaden students’ horizon, train their innovation and critical thinking abilities, cultivating high-level future scientists.
Inorganic semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots have been widely used in the fields of biomedical detection, display devices, photocatalysis due to their unique optical properties. This paper has designed a research-type intermediate inorganic experiment on the synthesis and optical property regulation of CdSe quantum dots. Following the student-centric and teacher-led teaching mode, the students are encouraged to make reasonable improvements to reduce the requirement on strict experimental conditions used in the scientific research. The topic of the experiment can broaden students’ horizon, train their innovation and critical thinking abilities, cultivating high-level future scientists.
2023, 38(10): 300-305
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304050
Abstract:
In recent years, the popularity of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes in chemical laboratories has been increasing. Glove boxes are widely used in organic synthesis, lithium battery manufacturing and research, OLED (organic light-emitting diode) encapsulation, and storage and packaging of reagents sensitive to water and oxygen. During the use and maintenance of glove boxes, many hazards are involved, such as strong reducing metal reagents, gas cylinders, and flammable waste. There are potential safety hazards that easily lead to accidents. This paper introduces safe operation methods of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes and new management methods of glove boxes explored by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanjing University. This college has pioneered the production of a video on the safe use of glove boxes and its application to safety training. It has also developed and implemented a method for the record of glove-box use and refreshed purification column materials. This method has achieved good operational results and can provide a reference for safety management of glove boxes in similar chemical laboratories both at home and abroad.
In recent years, the popularity of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes in chemical laboratories has been increasing. Glove boxes are widely used in organic synthesis, lithium battery manufacturing and research, OLED (organic light-emitting diode) encapsulation, and storage and packaging of reagents sensitive to water and oxygen. During the use and maintenance of glove boxes, many hazards are involved, such as strong reducing metal reagents, gas cylinders, and flammable waste. There are potential safety hazards that easily lead to accidents. This paper introduces safe operation methods of anhydrous and oxygen-free glove boxes and new management methods of glove boxes explored by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanjing University. This college has pioneered the production of a video on the safe use of glove boxes and its application to safety training. It has also developed and implemented a method for the record of glove-box use and refreshed purification column materials. This method has achieved good operational results and can provide a reference for safety management of glove boxes in similar chemical laboratories both at home and abroad.
2023, 38(10): 306-312
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301017
Abstract:
Which of the processes affords a higher yield in the chlorination of chlorobenzene under iodine catalysis, o-chlorination or p-chlorination? Based on a college entrance exam question involving this topic, the reaction mechanism of the chlorination of chlorobenzene catalyzed by iodine is discussed in this paper using computational chemistry. Further, the reaction processes of o-chlorination and p-chlorination are simulated, and the relative energy of each species in the reaction paths is obtained. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of the examination question is carried out, and the calculated results are compared with the corresponding reference experimental results. Additionally, the rationale of the examination question is discussed, and some suggestions are put forth for future related examination questions. This study serves as a support for studies on other iodine-catalyzed chlorination reactions, serves a reference for preparing related examination questions, and provides teaching resources for students to better understand the mechanism of the chlorination of benzene.
Which of the processes affords a higher yield in the chlorination of chlorobenzene under iodine catalysis, o-chlorination or p-chlorination? Based on a college entrance exam question involving this topic, the reaction mechanism of the chlorination of chlorobenzene catalyzed by iodine is discussed in this paper using computational chemistry. Further, the reaction processes of o-chlorination and p-chlorination are simulated, and the relative energy of each species in the reaction paths is obtained. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of the examination question is carried out, and the calculated results are compared with the corresponding reference experimental results. Additionally, the rationale of the examination question is discussed, and some suggestions are put forth for future related examination questions. This study serves as a support for studies on other iodine-catalyzed chlorination reactions, serves a reference for preparing related examination questions, and provides teaching resources for students to better understand the mechanism of the chlorination of benzene.
2023, 38(10): 313-323
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301033
Abstract:
Molecular editing, including peripheral and skeletal editing, is an area of interest in the field of organic synthesis. Typically, the peripheral editing of C―H bonds is conventionally used for molecular editing. By contrast, skeletal editing is a novel method, which has broader applications in total synthesis and drug development, with advantages of easy operation, high specificity, and simple synthetical routes. This review introduces two skeletal editing examples using common reactions. By comparisons with conventional methods, the applications of molecular editing in drug synthesis are revealed. Moreover, this review predicts the future applications of molecular editing by presenting some state-of-the-art developments in this field.
Molecular editing, including peripheral and skeletal editing, is an area of interest in the field of organic synthesis. Typically, the peripheral editing of C―H bonds is conventionally used for molecular editing. By contrast, skeletal editing is a novel method, which has broader applications in total synthesis and drug development, with advantages of easy operation, high specificity, and simple synthetical routes. This review introduces two skeletal editing examples using common reactions. By comparisons with conventional methods, the applications of molecular editing in drug synthesis are revealed. Moreover, this review predicts the future applications of molecular editing by presenting some state-of-the-art developments in this field.
2023, 38(10): 324-329
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212039
Abstract:
The article analyzed question 8 of organic chemistry part in the 35th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad Competition (Preliminary) in detail. The question involved the fundamental theory of organic chemistry and the properties of organic substances. The relevant theories, scientific backgrounds, or problem-solving strategies were discussed in depth. This will promote the readers’ understanding of organic chemistry and reinforce the chemical concept of structure determining properties.
The article analyzed question 8 of organic chemistry part in the 35th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad Competition (Preliminary) in detail. The question involved the fundamental theory of organic chemistry and the properties of organic substances. The relevant theories, scientific backgrounds, or problem-solving strategies were discussed in depth. This will promote the readers’ understanding of organic chemistry and reinforce the chemical concept of structure determining properties.
2023, 38(10): 330-334
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202301024
Abstract:
This paper introduces the design ideas of the practical problem and two preparatory practical problems of the 54th International Chemical Olympiad. The detailed analysis of the practical problem is provided. The formal practical problem and two preparatory practical problems can be used separately as the inorganic chemistry experiment for undergraduate and in the training for chemistry Olympiad as well. The element virtual experiment can broaden students’ view, strengthen the chemistry basis, improve students’ observation and summarization abilities, and develop their chemical logical thinking and problem solving skills.
This paper introduces the design ideas of the practical problem and two preparatory practical problems of the 54th International Chemical Olympiad. The detailed analysis of the practical problem is provided. The formal practical problem and two preparatory practical problems can be used separately as the inorganic chemistry experiment for undergraduate and in the training for chemistry Olympiad as well. The element virtual experiment can broaden students’ view, strengthen the chemistry basis, improve students’ observation and summarization abilities, and develop their chemical logical thinking and problem solving skills.
