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2019 Volume 34 Issue 5
2019, 34(5): 1-8
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201809010
Abstract:
Production-teaching-research-application is one of the important approaches in higher education. In order to improve the teaching effect of the "instrumental analysis" course, and to strengthen the training of the students' professional ability, scientific research ability as well as the enterprise problems resolving ability, this paper, based on the analysis of the existing problems of the instrumental analysis course, makes a teaching research of the "instrumental analysis". The teaching mechanism, teaching methods, the construction of resource-sharing platform, the construction of teaching team and the teaching assessment of "production-teaching-research-application" are explored, and the integration of "production-teaching-research-application" was carried out. The purpose of this research is to further enhance the quality of talents training, and provide a solution for adapting the cultivating talents to the practical need of talents.
Production-teaching-research-application is one of the important approaches in higher education. In order to improve the teaching effect of the "instrumental analysis" course, and to strengthen the training of the students' professional ability, scientific research ability as well as the enterprise problems resolving ability, this paper, based on the analysis of the existing problems of the instrumental analysis course, makes a teaching research of the "instrumental analysis". The teaching mechanism, teaching methods, the construction of resource-sharing platform, the construction of teaching team and the teaching assessment of "production-teaching-research-application" are explored, and the integration of "production-teaching-research-application" was carried out. The purpose of this research is to further enhance the quality of talents training, and provide a solution for adapting the cultivating talents to the practical need of talents.
2019, 34(5): 9-14
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201809013
Abstract:
Analytical chemistry lab plays an important role in chemistry education for undergraduate. The independent experiment has been widely applied to the practice of laboratory teaching. It is also of great significance to carry out independent experiments for majors such as pharmaceutical sciences. It is a challenging practice to carry out the independent experiment in the limited time of the basic laboratory course. The article discusses the research on the selection of the experimental content, the course analysis, and the training of the teaching assistants, and introduces the tentative plan for further teaching practice.
Analytical chemistry lab plays an important role in chemistry education for undergraduate. The independent experiment has been widely applied to the practice of laboratory teaching. It is also of great significance to carry out independent experiments for majors such as pharmaceutical sciences. It is a challenging practice to carry out the independent experiment in the limited time of the basic laboratory course. The article discusses the research on the selection of the experimental content, the course analysis, and the training of the teaching assistants, and introduces the tentative plan for further teaching practice.
2019, 34(5): 15-18
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201809029
Abstract:
Taking "the structure and properties of N2 molecule" as an example, this paper illustrates the concrete methods in the classroom teaching of elementary chemistry, including closely correlating the molecular structure of nitrogen gas to its chemical properties, introducing the chemical principles involved in photochemical pollution, industrial synthetic ammonia and other practical problems raised in industrial production and normal life, and guiding students to present the reviews in the topics on nitrogen fixation and nitrogen activation.
Taking "the structure and properties of N2 molecule" as an example, this paper illustrates the concrete methods in the classroom teaching of elementary chemistry, including closely correlating the molecular structure of nitrogen gas to its chemical properties, introducing the chemical principles involved in photochemical pollution, industrial synthetic ammonia and other practical problems raised in industrial production and normal life, and guiding students to present the reviews in the topics on nitrogen fixation and nitrogen activation.
2019, 34(5): 19-26
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810004
Abstract:
With the rapid development of modern information technology, many kinds of media, such as sound, image and video, are widely used in the course teaching. It is common for students to use information terminals at anytime and anywhere to complete online self-study. The information of course teaching comes with the whole media era, and the whole media brings new deeds to laboratory teaching. On the basis of summarizing the experience of the whole media teaching practice of "instrumental analysis laboratory" in recent years, this paper carries out the research on the practice teaching construction, resource bank construction, new teaching mode construction, classroom teaching evaluation and teaching team construction of instrumental analysis laboratory. The goal is to improve students' comprehensive learning ability and high level thinking ability, enhance the teaching effect of instrumental analysis laboratory, and to provide a useful reference for deepening the teaching reform of the whole media.
With the rapid development of modern information technology, many kinds of media, such as sound, image and video, are widely used in the course teaching. It is common for students to use information terminals at anytime and anywhere to complete online self-study. The information of course teaching comes with the whole media era, and the whole media brings new deeds to laboratory teaching. On the basis of summarizing the experience of the whole media teaching practice of "instrumental analysis laboratory" in recent years, this paper carries out the research on the practice teaching construction, resource bank construction, new teaching mode construction, classroom teaching evaluation and teaching team construction of instrumental analysis laboratory. The goal is to improve students' comprehensive learning ability and high level thinking ability, enhance the teaching effect of instrumental analysis laboratory, and to provide a useful reference for deepening the teaching reform of the whole media.
2019, 34(5): 27-32
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201809015
Abstract:
At present, the teaching of experimental pedagogic course in normal universities is basically a three-step teaching mode of "student demonstration-collective evaluation-whole class experiment". We have carried out teaching observation and investigation on the present teaching situation of the laboratory course of chemistry pedagogy. Reform from the choice of teaching content, teaching organization form, teaching management form, course evaluation and other aspects were conducted, and good teaching results were achieved. This provides the guidance in promoting the reform of chemical laboratory teaching in normal universities and cultivate secondary school teachers with innovative laboratory teaching ability.
At present, the teaching of experimental pedagogic course in normal universities is basically a three-step teaching mode of "student demonstration-collective evaluation-whole class experiment". We have carried out teaching observation and investigation on the present teaching situation of the laboratory course of chemistry pedagogy. Reform from the choice of teaching content, teaching organization form, teaching management form, course evaluation and other aspects were conducted, and good teaching results were achieved. This provides the guidance in promoting the reform of chemical laboratory teaching in normal universities and cultivate secondary school teachers with innovative laboratory teaching ability.
2019, 34(5): 33-41
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810015
Abstract:
In this critical review, we summarized recent novel electrocatalysts on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). ORR acted as a reaction on cathode in fuel cell. How ORR proceed would directly influence the efficiency of the fuel cell, so that developments of catalysts toward ORR with an advanced activity become highly desirable. Among all the catalysts, the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C cannot meet the practical application, due to various limitations. Non-metallic material and non-precious metallic materials were studied in recent years. These materials were considered to be a potential choice to provide a good conductivity with a cost-effective and abundant resource in nature. Additionally, a good stability as well as an excellent tolerance toward to the small molecules makes them a perfect candidate for ORR. The development of novel composites to achieve an outstanding performance toward ORR will be a promising program, but still of a challenge.
In this critical review, we summarized recent novel electrocatalysts on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). ORR acted as a reaction on cathode in fuel cell. How ORR proceed would directly influence the efficiency of the fuel cell, so that developments of catalysts toward ORR with an advanced activity become highly desirable. Among all the catalysts, the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C cannot meet the practical application, due to various limitations. Non-metallic material and non-precious metallic materials were studied in recent years. These materials were considered to be a potential choice to provide a good conductivity with a cost-effective and abundant resource in nature. Additionally, a good stability as well as an excellent tolerance toward to the small molecules makes them a perfect candidate for ORR. The development of novel composites to achieve an outstanding performance toward ORR will be a promising program, but still of a challenge.
2019, 34(5): 42-45
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810005
Abstract:
In the laboratory teaching, it is an important part of the talent training goal for chemistry specialty to increase the comprehensive experimental content and set up the research-oriented, explorative and innovative experiments. Taking the experiment of "preparation and composition determination of ferric oxalate" as an example, by improving the experimental method, the students are guided to use comprehensively the theoretical knowledge to design the experimental scheme. Through the comprehensive experiment training, the students' understanding of the experiment and scientific research methods is enhanced, and their experimental skills and ability of cooperation and communication are improved.
In the laboratory teaching, it is an important part of the talent training goal for chemistry specialty to increase the comprehensive experimental content and set up the research-oriented, explorative and innovative experiments. Taking the experiment of "preparation and composition determination of ferric oxalate" as an example, by improving the experimental method, the students are guided to use comprehensively the theoretical knowledge to design the experimental scheme. Through the comprehensive experiment training, the students' understanding of the experiment and scientific research methods is enhanced, and their experimental skills and ability of cooperation and communication are improved.
2019, 34(5): 46-50
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810011
Abstract:
An extended instrumental analysis experiment "preparation and performance evaluation of C18 stationary phase for reversed-phase chromatography" is recommended for undergraduates. The experiment includes the synthesis, characterization, preparation and properties of the stationary phase. The knowledge of organic synthesis, physical chemistry and instrumental analysis is covered in the experiment. With the practice of the experiment, the typical instrumental analysis experiment is extended. It is helpful for students to cultivate the ability of applying knowledge comprehensively and exercise the ability of scientific research.
An extended instrumental analysis experiment "preparation and performance evaluation of C18 stationary phase for reversed-phase chromatography" is recommended for undergraduates. The experiment includes the synthesis, characterization, preparation and properties of the stationary phase. The knowledge of organic synthesis, physical chemistry and instrumental analysis is covered in the experiment. With the practice of the experiment, the typical instrumental analysis experiment is extended. It is helpful for students to cultivate the ability of applying knowledge comprehensively and exercise the ability of scientific research.
2019, 34(5): 51-56
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810009
Abstract:
Micro-reaction is an emerging technology that has been developing rapidly in recent years in all research fields of chemistry. In this experiment, benzaldehyde and acetone were used as the starting materials, thus (E)benzalacetone was continuously synthesized by condensation reaction in the presence of sodium hydroxide. By investigating effects of mole ratio, residence time and reaction temperature, the optimized reaction conditions were determined. The product was characterized by NMR and MS. Compared with traditional batch synthetic methods, the presented method has the advantages of high yield, simple operation, and reproducible experimental results. This work gives advanced technology and ideas in laboratory teaching, which not only enhances students' experimental skills, but also helps students to understand the frontiers of science, research situation, tendency of development and application prospects, as well as inspire students' interest greatly.
Micro-reaction is an emerging technology that has been developing rapidly in recent years in all research fields of chemistry. In this experiment, benzaldehyde and acetone were used as the starting materials, thus (E)benzalacetone was continuously synthesized by condensation reaction in the presence of sodium hydroxide. By investigating effects of mole ratio, residence time and reaction temperature, the optimized reaction conditions were determined. The product was characterized by NMR and MS. Compared with traditional batch synthetic methods, the presented method has the advantages of high yield, simple operation, and reproducible experimental results. This work gives advanced technology and ideas in laboratory teaching, which not only enhances students' experimental skills, but also helps students to understand the frontiers of science, research situation, tendency of development and application prospects, as well as inspire students' interest greatly.
2019, 34(5): 57-64
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810001
Abstract:
This article mainly introduces some specific aspects about the detailed management of reagents and instruments, including sorting storage, purchase plan, optimized use of reagents, as well as "five-way protection" and "teacher-student-technician management" for instrumental maintenance, in Basic Chemistry Teaching Laboratory (I) of National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University). Through a series of standardized, organized and scientific management of reagents and instruments, reagent consumption and waste discharge are reduced, clean and tidy experimental environment is provided; good experimental habits of students are formed, the regular operation of the instrument and accurate experimental data are guaranteed, and the service life of the instrument is improved. It provides a strong guarantee for the smooth development of laboratory teaching. In summary, this paper would provide valuable experiences for the management of chemistry teaching laboratories in colleges and universities.
This article mainly introduces some specific aspects about the detailed management of reagents and instruments, including sorting storage, purchase plan, optimized use of reagents, as well as "five-way protection" and "teacher-student-technician management" for instrumental maintenance, in Basic Chemistry Teaching Laboratory (I) of National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University). Through a series of standardized, organized and scientific management of reagents and instruments, reagent consumption and waste discharge are reduced, clean and tidy experimental environment is provided; good experimental habits of students are formed, the regular operation of the instrument and accurate experimental data are guaranteed, and the service life of the instrument is improved. It provides a strong guarantee for the smooth development of laboratory teaching. In summary, this paper would provide valuable experiences for the management of chemistry teaching laboratories in colleges and universities.
2019, 34(5): 65-72
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810014
Abstract:
For the perspective of laboratory teaching technicians, the laboratory teaching auxiliary work was comprehensively summarized into a big and small trilogy by considering different experimental links. The work system stems from the comprehensive experiment of chemical biology and provides guidance for many other experimental courses. It facilitates the improved laboratory teaching quality and favorable conditions for environmental education.
For the perspective of laboratory teaching technicians, the laboratory teaching auxiliary work was comprehensively summarized into a big and small trilogy by considering different experimental links. The work system stems from the comprehensive experiment of chemical biology and provides guidance for many other experimental courses. It facilitates the improved laboratory teaching quality and favorable conditions for environmental education.
2019, 34(5): 73-79
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201809001
Abstract:
The incorporation of X-ray structural analysis into the undergraduate chemistry laboratory course is both necessary and practical. Regarding the characteristics of X-ray lab course, some practices on introducing basic theories for the lab course, setting up the syllabus of the course, and teaching arrangements are presented based on our teaching practice in the past several years.
The incorporation of X-ray structural analysis into the undergraduate chemistry laboratory course is both necessary and practical. Regarding the characteristics of X-ray lab course, some practices on introducing basic theories for the lab course, setting up the syllabus of the course, and teaching arrangements are presented based on our teaching practice in the past several years.
2019, 34(5): 80-87
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201808004
Abstract:
A deep insight into the diverse metabolic pathways gives us the possibility to find the similarities among those processes. This manuscript provides a new paradigm for chemical education using leucine metabolism as the example. Referring concepts from other disciplines, we generalized and summarized the chemical principles involved in the biological metabolisms. Further, patterns and causation behind the predominance of specific metabolic processes were explored through the comparison among homologous enzymes in different pathways to ascertain their evolutionary similarity. This comparison and contrast are intended to help students in summarizing general principles between distinct metabolic pathways, deepening their understanding towards involved metabolic pathways, and preventing the misconception over so-called "chaotic" biochemical metabolic processes. As an attempt of reform in basic biochemistry and bioengineering curricula upon the topic of metabolism, we hope the manuscript can promote students' sense of intrigue, wonder, and curiosity.
A deep insight into the diverse metabolic pathways gives us the possibility to find the similarities among those processes. This manuscript provides a new paradigm for chemical education using leucine metabolism as the example. Referring concepts from other disciplines, we generalized and summarized the chemical principles involved in the biological metabolisms. Further, patterns and causation behind the predominance of specific metabolic processes were explored through the comparison among homologous enzymes in different pathways to ascertain their evolutionary similarity. This comparison and contrast are intended to help students in summarizing general principles between distinct metabolic pathways, deepening their understanding towards involved metabolic pathways, and preventing the misconception over so-called "chaotic" biochemical metabolic processes. As an attempt of reform in basic biochemistry and bioengineering curricula upon the topic of metabolism, we hope the manuscript can promote students' sense of intrigue, wonder, and curiosity.
2019, 34(5): 88-93
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201810022
Abstract:
The experimental test, research background and design ideals of physical chemistry experiment for the 11th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The problems found in current laboratory teaching which are reflected in the tournament were also analyzed.
The experimental test, research background and design ideals of physical chemistry experiment for the 11th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The problems found in current laboratory teaching which are reflected in the tournament were also analyzed.
2019, 34(5): 94-100
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX2019010042
Abstract:
