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2018 Volume 33 Issue 4
2018, 33(4): 1-6
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201709025
Abstract:
Chemistry laboratory education is vital in cultivating innovative students. Based on the analysis of current situation of chemistry laboratory education, we applied the U-G-S model to integrate normal universities, schools and the government to facilitate innovation in laboratory education. In addition, we shared an example with valuable experiences to inspire new ideas for the collaborative innovation in the area of science laboratory education.
Chemistry laboratory education is vital in cultivating innovative students. Based on the analysis of current situation of chemistry laboratory education, we applied the U-G-S model to integrate normal universities, schools and the government to facilitate innovation in laboratory education. In addition, we shared an example with valuable experiences to inspire new ideas for the collaborative innovation in the area of science laboratory education.
2018, 33(4): 7-10
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201711019
Abstract:
In order to ensure the quality of teaching, some targeted teaching measures should be adopted for the course. In this paper, several effective teaching methods are introduced according to the teaching experience of the teachers in the research group.
In order to ensure the quality of teaching, some targeted teaching measures should be adopted for the course. In this paper, several effective teaching methods are introduced according to the teaching experience of the teachers in the research group.
2018, 33(4): 11-16
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201710003
Abstract:
A three-dimensional teaching case was constructed using "glucose" to connect the knowledge points in life science. In this case, the metabolic balance associated with glucose was firstly introduced, and then the digestion, absorption and molecular transport of glucose were discussed. Furthermore, the cause of diabetes and the detection principles of blood glucose were explained. In addition, the noninvasive diagnostic technique and new frontier of molecular diagnosis were represented. A series of "glucose" related research topics were integrated from macro to micro, from disease to health, from life application to scientific research frontier. This "glucose" three-dimensional teaching case was built and applied in the teaching of chemistry and life related knowledge, and it might be helpful to the undergraduates' research and innovation thinking training.
A three-dimensional teaching case was constructed using "glucose" to connect the knowledge points in life science. In this case, the metabolic balance associated with glucose was firstly introduced, and then the digestion, absorption and molecular transport of glucose were discussed. Furthermore, the cause of diabetes and the detection principles of blood glucose were explained. In addition, the noninvasive diagnostic technique and new frontier of molecular diagnosis were represented. A series of "glucose" related research topics were integrated from macro to micro, from disease to health, from life application to scientific research frontier. This "glucose" three-dimensional teaching case was built and applied in the teaching of chemistry and life related knowledge, and it might be helpful to the undergraduates' research and innovation thinking training.
2018, 33(4): 17-20
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201711027
Abstract:
Three strategies are put forth in the teaching of inorganic chemistry to make the "boring" theoretical knowledge more interesting. One is to set up a situation to make the "dull" knowledge vivid; another is to use metaphor to make the "difficult" knowledge interesting; the third is to create a "poem" to make the "complex" knowledge humorous. Through practice, the three strategies are proved to be effective, and it is worth recommending widely.
Three strategies are put forth in the teaching of inorganic chemistry to make the "boring" theoretical knowledge more interesting. One is to set up a situation to make the "dull" knowledge vivid; another is to use metaphor to make the "difficult" knowledge interesting; the third is to create a "poem" to make the "complex" knowledge humorous. Through practice, the three strategies are proved to be effective, and it is worth recommending widely.
2018, 33(4): 21-26
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201711003
Abstract:
Glucose has hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in its structure. The different connection orders, locations, manners, and spatial relations of the two groups have significant impacts on its structure, physical and chemical properties. In this paper, on the basis of reviewing the related knowledge of aldehyde and alcohol, we take the teaching unit of glucose as an example to instruct students analyzing in depth the interaction and influence of these functional groups in the glucose structure. While helping them to achieve knowledgeable mastery, we tried to cultivate gradually undergraduates' ability of scientific thinking.
Glucose has hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in its structure. The different connection orders, locations, manners, and spatial relations of the two groups have significant impacts on its structure, physical and chemical properties. In this paper, on the basis of reviewing the related knowledge of aldehyde and alcohol, we take the teaching unit of glucose as an example to instruct students analyzing in depth the interaction and influence of these functional groups in the glucose structure. While helping them to achieve knowledgeable mastery, we tried to cultivate gradually undergraduates' ability of scientific thinking.
2018, 33(4): 27-30
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201712004
Abstract:
Literature on organic chemistry is the extension of organic chemistry both in depth and in scope. It is necessary to meet students' need for modern organic chemistry, but should have the systematicness. Thus, teachers need to practice continuously to reform the knowledge framework. This paper focuses on the reform of teaching materials based on the combination of teaching and modern scientific technology, as well as the reform of teaching mode to cultivate students' autonomic learning ability and scientific quality.
Literature on organic chemistry is the extension of organic chemistry both in depth and in scope. It is necessary to meet students' need for modern organic chemistry, but should have the systematicness. Thus, teachers need to practice continuously to reform the knowledge framework. This paper focuses on the reform of teaching materials based on the combination of teaching and modern scientific technology, as well as the reform of teaching mode to cultivate students' autonomic learning ability and scientific quality.
2018, 33(4): 31-35
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201707022
Abstract:
Biomimetic materials chemistry is a course that is based on the bionic principles and systemically elaborates the fabrication of materials by learning from biological characteristics. Biomimetic materials chemistry is of great significance for cultivating the students' ability of learning from nature to solve the problem of engineering practice. According to the demand of training creative and multiple talents and combining with the teaching practice, optimized teaching content, diversified teaching methods blending the heuristic, and more flexible and effective assessment methods were applied, achieving good teaching effect.
Biomimetic materials chemistry is a course that is based on the bionic principles and systemically elaborates the fabrication of materials by learning from biological characteristics. Biomimetic materials chemistry is of great significance for cultivating the students' ability of learning from nature to solve the problem of engineering practice. According to the demand of training creative and multiple talents and combining with the teaching practice, optimized teaching content, diversified teaching methods blending the heuristic, and more flexible and effective assessment methods were applied, achieving good teaching effect.
2018, 33(4): 36-40
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201712032
Abstract:
How to guide contemporary college students to return to the classroom is a common challenge for universities at home and abroad. From the perspective of educational psychology, strengthening the sense of belonging is good for students to return to class. Combined with teaching practice, this paper explores the approaches and the obtained beneficial effects of strengthening the sense of belonging of students, and lists detailed practical cases. The practical experience is of reference value for frontline teachers and teaching managers.
How to guide contemporary college students to return to the classroom is a common challenge for universities at home and abroad. From the perspective of educational psychology, strengthening the sense of belonging is good for students to return to class. Combined with teaching practice, this paper explores the approaches and the obtained beneficial effects of strengthening the sense of belonging of students, and lists detailed practical cases. The practical experience is of reference value for frontline teachers and teaching managers.
2018, 33(4): 41-45
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201710001
Abstract:
Several laws and management strategies related to chemical disposal in China were introduced. Houston University was employed as an example of American university to illustrate chemical disposal system including laws, institutions, management and responsibility in the United States. "3R" (Recycle, Reduce and Reuse) green chemistry rules were demonstrated using four student experiments published in Journal of Chemical Education, ACS in 2010 and 2011. Some management methods of Peking University were presented here to illustrate the disposition of chemical waste in domestic Chinese college laboratories.
Several laws and management strategies related to chemical disposal in China were introduced. Houston University was employed as an example of American university to illustrate chemical disposal system including laws, institutions, management and responsibility in the United States. "3R" (Recycle, Reduce and Reuse) green chemistry rules were demonstrated using four student experiments published in Journal of Chemical Education, ACS in 2010 and 2011. Some management methods of Peking University were presented here to illustrate the disposition of chemical waste in domestic Chinese college laboratories.
2018, 33(4): 46-50
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201710008
Abstract:
Integrated instrument management information system of Analytical Instrumentation Center of Peking University (web address:http://aic.pku.edu.cn/) is a web system for instrument reservations and management. It consists of the following subsystems:website management, sample reservation, instrument booking, training management, financial management, materials collection and statistics. The information system has diversified function, is user-friendly, and improves significantly the informatization, work efficiency and management level for the instrumentation center.
Integrated instrument management information system of Analytical Instrumentation Center of Peking University (web address:http://aic.pku.edu.cn/) is a web system for instrument reservations and management. It consists of the following subsystems:website management, sample reservation, instrument booking, training management, financial management, materials collection and statistics. The information system has diversified function, is user-friendly, and improves significantly the informatization, work efficiency and management level for the instrumentation center.
2018, 33(4): 51-56
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201711002
Abstract:
The Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The obtained Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were spheres and the diameter was about 10-20 nm. The catalysis activity of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was appraised by thermalanalysis (TG-DSC). It was found that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles had high catalysis activity on decomposition of AP. The results can be used as a comprehensive experimental course in the instrument analysis laboratroy. The students can learn the hydrothermal method and learn how to use XRD, thermal analysis and other means to characterize the compounds.
The Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The obtained Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were spheres and the diameter was about 10-20 nm. The catalysis activity of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was appraised by thermalanalysis (TG-DSC). It was found that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles had high catalysis activity on decomposition of AP. The results can be used as a comprehensive experimental course in the instrument analysis laboratroy. The students can learn the hydrothermal method and learn how to use XRD, thermal analysis and other means to characterize the compounds.
2018, 33(4): 57-65
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201709043
Abstract:
The proton theory of acid-base is among the most important concepts in chemistry. While it is often the case that the strength of acids and bases in solution can be searched and quantitatively compared by their dissociation constants, however, for species whose experimental data are unavailable in the literature, qualitative estimation and comparison of their strengths by using molecular structure information are equally significant. The latter approach is more useful, especially in teaching, because it can be used to guide students to better understand the relationship between the structure and property. In this work, we identify a number of structural factors, including bond polarity, bond strength, bond delocalization, hydrogen bond and bond surrounding in molecule, which influence the strength of proton acids. Careful applications of these factors in solving real problems either in classroom or in scientific research are believed to be both instructive and rewarding.
The proton theory of acid-base is among the most important concepts in chemistry. While it is often the case that the strength of acids and bases in solution can be searched and quantitatively compared by their dissociation constants, however, for species whose experimental data are unavailable in the literature, qualitative estimation and comparison of their strengths by using molecular structure information are equally significant. The latter approach is more useful, especially in teaching, because it can be used to guide students to better understand the relationship between the structure and property. In this work, we identify a number of structural factors, including bond polarity, bond strength, bond delocalization, hydrogen bond and bond surrounding in molecule, which influence the strength of proton acids. Careful applications of these factors in solving real problems either in classroom or in scientific research are believed to be both instructive and rewarding.
2018, 33(4): 66-68
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201711037
Abstract:
Determination of the main ring is the key to name a polycyclic structure. A method that features a "cutting the shortest bridge, uncovering the largest ring" was introduced. This method facilitates the main ring determination of a polycyclic structure. And this method is reliable and easy for students to master.
Determination of the main ring is the key to name a polycyclic structure. A method that features a "cutting the shortest bridge, uncovering the largest ring" was introduced. This method facilitates the main ring determination of a polycyclic structure. And this method is reliable and easy for students to master.
2018, 33(4): 69-73
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201712025
Abstract:
Coordination polymerization is a classic part of the polymer chemistry course. Based on the methods for scientific research process in the field of coordination polymerization, this paper has shown the integrated teaching of "coordination polymerization" from three aspects of polymerization mechanism, initiator performance and polymer structure. This proposed method has achieved good results in teaching practice.
Coordination polymerization is a classic part of the polymer chemistry course. Based on the methods for scientific research process in the field of coordination polymerization, this paper has shown the integrated teaching of "coordination polymerization" from three aspects of polymerization mechanism, initiator performance and polymer structure. This proposed method has achieved good results in teaching practice.
2018, 33(4): 74-78
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201712019
Abstract:
The basic principles of chemical thermodynamics, as well as the difference of Gibb's free energy, were used to handle chemical equilibria, such as calculations of equilibrium constants and how to understand that only if the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte may keep the product of its ionic concentration constant. The potential of complicated electrode was formulated with the potential of its simple electrode.
The basic principles of chemical thermodynamics, as well as the difference of Gibb's free energy, were used to handle chemical equilibria, such as calculations of equilibrium constants and how to understand that only if the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte may keep the product of its ionic concentration constant. The potential of complicated electrode was formulated with the potential of its simple electrode.
2018, 33(4): 79-90
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX2018020101
Abstract:
The questions in the theory test of the 31st Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (Final Test) are solved in detail. The manuscript not only provides systematic analyses for all questions, but also guides the readers through the solutions in an intuitive manner. For selected questions, rich introduction to the scientific backgrounds and bibliographical resources are also included.
The questions in the theory test of the 31st Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (Final Test) are solved in detail. The manuscript not only provides systematic analyses for all questions, but also guides the readers through the solutions in an intuitive manner. For selected questions, rich introduction to the scientific backgrounds and bibliographical resources are also included.
