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2017 Volume 32 Issue 8
2017, 32(8): 1-3
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201706009
Abstract:
2017, 32(8): 4-10
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201703023
Abstract:
Herein the knowledge integration in undergraduate teaching is discussed. The exploratory practice of knowledge system construction in undergraduate teaching of analytical chemistry at Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University and an integrated knowledge system framework based on targetrecognition signal inducing and signal sensing are introduced. Teaching cases designed to provide experience of multiple creative thinking are presented and the teaching significance is also discussed.
Herein the knowledge integration in undergraduate teaching is discussed. The exploratory practice of knowledge system construction in undergraduate teaching of analytical chemistry at Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University and an integrated knowledge system framework based on targetrecognition signal inducing and signal sensing are introduced. Teaching cases designed to provide experience of multiple creative thinking are presented and the teaching significance is also discussed.
2017, 32(8): 11-19
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201612019
Abstract:
In this paper, the SPOC course named "application of education technology in middle school chemistry teaching" for normal colleges and universities is constructed. The content and method of the curriculum construction are studied. The teaching design strategy based on flipped classroom mode is analyzed. The learning effect between the traditional teaching mode and the SPOC teaching mode is compared.
In this paper, the SPOC course named "application of education technology in middle school chemistry teaching" for normal colleges and universities is constructed. The content and method of the curriculum construction are studied. The teaching design strategy based on flipped classroom mode is analyzed. The learning effect between the traditional teaching mode and the SPOC teaching mode is compared.
2017, 32(8): 20-24
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201703011
Abstract:
The teaching method includes question-leaded and project-leaded teaching. Question-leaded teaching can be used for teaching basic knowledge, while project-leaded teaching method is mainly used for students who have mastered the basic knowledge. In the project-leaded teaching, the teacher puts forward some small projects for students to find solutions. The teaching effect will be improved and the students' interests will be increased by combining these two methods. By using the two teaching methods, students' interests in learning organic chemistry can be stimulated and students can also link the theory of organic chemistry with practice closely, so that the teaching effects can be improved and the students' innovation ability can also be inspired.
The teaching method includes question-leaded and project-leaded teaching. Question-leaded teaching can be used for teaching basic knowledge, while project-leaded teaching method is mainly used for students who have mastered the basic knowledge. In the project-leaded teaching, the teacher puts forward some small projects for students to find solutions. The teaching effect will be improved and the students' interests will be increased by combining these two methods. By using the two teaching methods, students' interests in learning organic chemistry can be stimulated and students can also link the theory of organic chemistry with practice closely, so that the teaching effects can be improved and the students' innovation ability can also be inspired.
2017, 32(8): 25-31
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201703010
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the problems existing in training graduates qualified to teaching of chemistry specialty in normal universities. According to the causes of these problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve course settings and teaching skills as well as cultivate innovation consciousness.
This paper analyzes the problems existing in training graduates qualified to teaching of chemistry specialty in normal universities. According to the causes of these problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve course settings and teaching skills as well as cultivate innovation consciousness.
2017, 32(8): 32-36
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201612034
Abstract:
Under the background of the combination of chemistry and economy, students majoring in economics and management must learn enough chemical knowledges to face the challenges in the future, and chemical thinking mode is of great significance to them. Based on the analysis of the differences between the students of economics and management, the authors put forward the method of constructing the chemistry and social course from the course objectives, teaching contents and teaching methods. The authors further suggest that the traditional chemistry and society course and MOOC are combined to make learning more interesting and flexible.
Under the background of the combination of chemistry and economy, students majoring in economics and management must learn enough chemical knowledges to face the challenges in the future, and chemical thinking mode is of great significance to them. Based on the analysis of the differences between the students of economics and management, the authors put forward the method of constructing the chemistry and social course from the course objectives, teaching contents and teaching methods. The authors further suggest that the traditional chemistry and society course and MOOC are combined to make learning more interesting and flexible.
2017, 32(8): 37-41
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201703019
Abstract:
Education of international students has been an important part of higher education of China, and teaching in English is the best choice for international students who almost could not speak Chinese. Analytical chemistry laboratory is one of the basic courses for undergraduate students majored in pharmaceuticals. This paper describes the experience on teaching analytical chemistry laboratory in English as following aspects:course content, choice of textbook, teaching staff, teaching methods and grade evaluation. What's more, this paper gives some advices that will be helpful for teaching students in English in the future.
Education of international students has been an important part of higher education of China, and teaching in English is the best choice for international students who almost could not speak Chinese. Analytical chemistry laboratory is one of the basic courses for undergraduate students majored in pharmaceuticals. This paper describes the experience on teaching analytical chemistry laboratory in English as following aspects:course content, choice of textbook, teaching staff, teaching methods and grade evaluation. What's more, this paper gives some advices that will be helpful for teaching students in English in the future.
2017, 32(8): 42-48
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201701021
Abstract:
In this paper, one comprehensive experiment was proposed for teaching the chemical biology laboratory. By utilizing 6-FAM labelled primer and DNA genetic analyzer, we studied the effects of DNA polymerases structure on the replication of damaged DNA. The application of this experiment to laboratory teaching can cultivate students' comprehensive analysis and hands-on abilities.
In this paper, one comprehensive experiment was proposed for teaching the chemical biology laboratory. By utilizing 6-FAM labelled primer and DNA genetic analyzer, we studied the effects of DNA polymerases structure on the replication of damaged DNA. The application of this experiment to laboratory teaching can cultivate students' comprehensive analysis and hands-on abilities.
2017, 32(8): 49-52
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201612011
Abstract:
A novel experimental teaching system of tubular furnace catalytic reaction based on "ethanol catalytic dehydration reaction" has been developed. The selection of the reaction system and catalysts, the determination of gas chromatography analytical conditions and the reform of pipeline were studied. It is showed that the ethanol catalytic dehydration reaction in tubular furnace is a highly efficient, stable, cost-effective and low energy consumption green process. This experimental teaching system conforms to the trend toward the green chemical process, thus is suitable for laboratory teaching of chemical engineering majors.
A novel experimental teaching system of tubular furnace catalytic reaction based on "ethanol catalytic dehydration reaction" has been developed. The selection of the reaction system and catalysts, the determination of gas chromatography analytical conditions and the reform of pipeline were studied. It is showed that the ethanol catalytic dehydration reaction in tubular furnace is a highly efficient, stable, cost-effective and low energy consumption green process. This experimental teaching system conforms to the trend toward the green chemical process, thus is suitable for laboratory teaching of chemical engineering majors.
2017, 32(8): 53-59
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201703030
Abstract:
The normative process for peak separation in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was discussed in detail. The adjustment of binding energy shift, data smoothing, baseline correction, peak determination, and multi-Gaussian function fitting were carried out in mathematics. Besides, the principles in peak separation for p, d, and f atomic orbitals were also reviewed. Peaks with enough width at half maximum and intensities can be considered as peaks. The quantitative limit for the peak intensity should be 10 times of the statistical fluctuation of the background signal, and proper statistic tests such as chi-square test and paired t test should be used.
The normative process for peak separation in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was discussed in detail. The adjustment of binding energy shift, data smoothing, baseline correction, peak determination, and multi-Gaussian function fitting were carried out in mathematics. Besides, the principles in peak separation for p, d, and f atomic orbitals were also reviewed. Peaks with enough width at half maximum and intensities can be considered as peaks. The quantitative limit for the peak intensity should be 10 times of the statistical fluctuation of the background signal, and proper statistic tests such as chi-square test and paired t test should be used.
2017, 32(8): 60-65
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201701017
Abstract:
The molecular orbitals of transition states of 1,2-shift and 1,4-shift of carbanion were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. It was found that the migration atom carried positive charge and the rest of the carbanion became a double carbanion. In the transition state of 1,2-shift, the phase of HOMO of the double carbanion doesn't match that of LUMO of the migration atom. However, in the transition state of 1,4-shift, the phase of HOMO of the double carbanion matches that of LUMO of the migration atom. So the 1,2-shift of carbanion is an orbital symmetry prohibited reaction and the 1,4-shift of carbanion is an orbital symmetry permitted reaction. The calculation in this paper can afford a valuable reference for the teaching of advanced organic chemistry.
The molecular orbitals of transition states of 1,2-shift and 1,4-shift of carbanion were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. It was found that the migration atom carried positive charge and the rest of the carbanion became a double carbanion. In the transition state of 1,2-shift, the phase of HOMO of the double carbanion doesn't match that of LUMO of the migration atom. However, in the transition state of 1,4-shift, the phase of HOMO of the double carbanion matches that of LUMO of the migration atom. So the 1,2-shift of carbanion is an orbital symmetry prohibited reaction and the 1,4-shift of carbanion is an orbital symmetry permitted reaction. The calculation in this paper can afford a valuable reference for the teaching of advanced organic chemistry.
2017, 32(8): 66-70
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201701025
Abstract:
A differential equation for the fugacity coefficient of the single-component non-ideal gas is derived. As for the multi-component non-ideal gas, differential forms for each component are also derived. A total fugacity coefficient is defined for this mixed non-ideal gas and its relationship with the fugacity coefficient of each component is obtained. In the similar way, the activity coefficients of each component of the non-ideal solution are derived, a total activity coefficient of the non-ideal solution is defined and its relationship with the activity coefficient of each component is also obtained. Comparisons between the expressions of the fugacity coefficient and activity coefficient are made finally and discussed in details.
A differential equation for the fugacity coefficient of the single-component non-ideal gas is derived. As for the multi-component non-ideal gas, differential forms for each component are also derived. A total fugacity coefficient is defined for this mixed non-ideal gas and its relationship with the fugacity coefficient of each component is obtained. In the similar way, the activity coefficients of each component of the non-ideal solution are derived, a total activity coefficient of the non-ideal solution is defined and its relationship with the activity coefficient of each component is also obtained. Comparisons between the expressions of the fugacity coefficient and activity coefficient are made finally and discussed in details.
2017, 32(8): 71-77
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201611009
Abstract:
This paper describes the basic functions and features of acid-base equilibrium calculations software CurTiPot. Based on the Brönsted-Lowry acid-base theory and the extended education content in chemistry course in university, applications of the three types of calculations, including the pH calculation, the titration simulation and the chemical species distribution, are illustrated. It shows that CurTiPot software is helpful in understanding the effect of each parameter of solution on the pH value of buffer, the titration process and the chemical species distribution, which is beneficial for improving the teaching quality. This software can be used to replace the manual calculation in scientific research, which could improve work efficiency.
This paper describes the basic functions and features of acid-base equilibrium calculations software CurTiPot. Based on the Brönsted-Lowry acid-base theory and the extended education content in chemistry course in university, applications of the three types of calculations, including the pH calculation, the titration simulation and the chemical species distribution, are illustrated. It shows that CurTiPot software is helpful in understanding the effect of each parameter of solution on the pH value of buffer, the titration process and the chemical species distribution, which is beneficial for improving the teaching quality. This software can be used to replace the manual calculation in scientific research, which could improve work efficiency.
2017, 32(8): 78-84
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201612005
Abstract:
Ideal model method, standard state method, reversible process & extremum method and infinitesimal method are basic theoretical research methods, which have been formed with the formation and development of physical chemistry theory systems and played important roles through the whole discipline. In this paper, from the methodological point of view, research purposes, solutions, rules and corresponding conclusions were discussed and summarized. The applications in physical chemistry were also presented. At the same time, it was also addressed that knowing and profound understanding these research methods were beneficial to learners. This will help them to build the physical chemistry knowledge system, to develop clear logical thinking and to solve practical problems. These are important abilities.
Ideal model method, standard state method, reversible process & extremum method and infinitesimal method are basic theoretical research methods, which have been formed with the formation and development of physical chemistry theory systems and played important roles through the whole discipline. In this paper, from the methodological point of view, research purposes, solutions, rules and corresponding conclusions were discussed and summarized. The applications in physical chemistry were also presented. At the same time, it was also addressed that knowing and profound understanding these research methods were beneficial to learners. This will help them to build the physical chemistry knowledge system, to develop clear logical thinking and to solve practical problems. These are important abilities.
