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2016 Volume 31 Issue 4
2016, 31(4): 1-11
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160401
Abstract:
Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a class of Lewis acids and bases possessing unique reactivities. Since their discovery, FLPs have obtained extensive attention and have grown rapidly on a broad range of studies. This paper highlights the application of FLPs in the fields of asymmetric hydrogenation, polymerization and catalytic reduction of CO2. Transition-metal FLPs and complexes containing FLPs ligands are also reviewed. Finally the trend in the development of FLPs is also discussed.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a class of Lewis acids and bases possessing unique reactivities. Since their discovery, FLPs have obtained extensive attention and have grown rapidly on a broad range of studies. This paper highlights the application of FLPs in the fields of asymmetric hydrogenation, polymerization and catalytic reduction of CO2. Transition-metal FLPs and complexes containing FLPs ligands are also reviewed. Finally the trend in the development of FLPs is also discussed.
2016, 31(4): 12-16
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160412
Abstract:
The chemical analysis laboratory course is a crucial component of analytical chemistry teaching and also plays an important role in teaching students that quantity is the core of analytical chemistry. In this paper, the English-based teaching method for the chemical analysis laboratory course was summarized and discussed in the background of international cooperation in running schools. Experience, deficiency and prospect for the English course of chemical analysis laboratory were summarized and reviewed in detail.
The chemical analysis laboratory course is a crucial component of analytical chemistry teaching and also plays an important role in teaching students that quantity is the core of analytical chemistry. In this paper, the English-based teaching method for the chemical analysis laboratory course was summarized and discussed in the background of international cooperation in running schools. Experience, deficiency and prospect for the English course of chemical analysis laboratory were summarized and reviewed in detail.
2016, 31(4): 17-21
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160417
Abstract:
In this paper, the implementation of the flipped classroom teaching model in experimental chemistry courses was discussed.
In this paper, the implementation of the flipped classroom teaching model in experimental chemistry courses was discussed.
2016, 31(4): 22-27
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160422
Abstract:
Considering the age and knowledge structure of the juvenile university students, we explore and practice the multiple teaching methods in the chemical principles course, which is mainly focused on the heuristic teaching, comparative teaching, case teaching and discussion-based teaching. The purpose is to explore a suitable method for cultivating students' learning skills, self-study ability, knowledge application skills and to strengthen their scientific thinking and innovative thinking ability. Finally, this paper introduces the practical application results.
Considering the age and knowledge structure of the juvenile university students, we explore and practice the multiple teaching methods in the chemical principles course, which is mainly focused on the heuristic teaching, comparative teaching, case teaching and discussion-based teaching. The purpose is to explore a suitable method for cultivating students' learning skills, self-study ability, knowledge application skills and to strengthen their scientific thinking and innovative thinking ability. Finally, this paper introduces the practical application results.
2016, 31(4): 28-32
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160428
Abstract:
The training goal for innovative experimental class is to cultivate innovative talents with good moral character, solid scientific background, profound professional skills, and broad knowledge. To combine this goal with the characteristics of college chemistry course, we explore the basic idea of innovative teaching of college chemistry course. Some helpful researches, such as inspiring students' learning desire, focusing on personality development, providing innovative environment, and cultivating humanistic quality are carried out during the teaching practice. The reform enhances the students' innovative quality, and is beneficial to cultivation of innovative talents.
The training goal for innovative experimental class is to cultivate innovative talents with good moral character, solid scientific background, profound professional skills, and broad knowledge. To combine this goal with the characteristics of college chemistry course, we explore the basic idea of innovative teaching of college chemistry course. Some helpful researches, such as inspiring students' learning desire, focusing on personality development, providing innovative environment, and cultivating humanistic quality are carried out during the teaching practice. The reform enhances the students' innovative quality, and is beneficial to cultivation of innovative talents.
2016, 31(4): 33-38
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160433
Abstract:
The combination mode of the physical chemistry course teaching and research achievements is adopted to foster students' innovative interest, the diversified thinking and the scientific research ability. These practices can help the students improve the comprehensive ability and independence in working, which will lay the theoretical foundation for the students to carry out the scientific research in the future.
The combination mode of the physical chemistry course teaching and research achievements is adopted to foster students' innovative interest, the diversified thinking and the scientific research ability. These practices can help the students improve the comprehensive ability and independence in working, which will lay the theoretical foundation for the students to carry out the scientific research in the future.
2016, 31(4): 39-48
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160439
Abstract:
Cofactors are vital parts of proteins and enzymes, which play remarkably significant roles in the functional realization of enzyme catalyzing processes. However, in current study system of cofactors, the definition and classification are not clear enough. In this article, we suggest to divide the various cofactors into three major groups: catalysis-type cofactors, carrier-type cofactors, and substrate-type cofactors according to their chemical essences and catalytic mechanisms, followed by the discussion of several typical cofactor examples to demonstrate the specificity and regeneration of cofactors.
Cofactors are vital parts of proteins and enzymes, which play remarkably significant roles in the functional realization of enzyme catalyzing processes. However, in current study system of cofactors, the definition and classification are not clear enough. In this article, we suggest to divide the various cofactors into three major groups: catalysis-type cofactors, carrier-type cofactors, and substrate-type cofactors according to their chemical essences and catalytic mechanisms, followed by the discussion of several typical cofactor examples to demonstrate the specificity and regeneration of cofactors.
2016, 31(4): 49-54
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160449
Abstract:
EI-MS is a frequently adopted technique which can provide rich information in compound structures. The following properties can be retrieved directly from the mass spectrum of an unknown compound, including the molecular or fragment ion peak, odd or even charge and mass, elemental numbers (C, N, Si, Cl, Br, etc.). It is a basic skill to be able to acquire the aforementioned information from the mass spectrum.
EI-MS is a frequently adopted technique which can provide rich information in compound structures. The following properties can be retrieved directly from the mass spectrum of an unknown compound, including the molecular or fragment ion peak, odd or even charge and mass, elemental numbers (C, N, Si, Cl, Br, etc.). It is a basic skill to be able to acquire the aforementioned information from the mass spectrum.
2016, 31(4): 55-59
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160455
Abstract:
This paper introduced the design method and device of a novel LED photochemical reactor, and applied the reactor to Cr(VI) photo-reduction and photooxidation of organic arsenic in environmental chemistry laboratory teaching. The results showed that the efficiency of Cr(VI) photo-reduction was 95% in LED photochemical reactor with 394 nm irradiation, and the efficiency of photooxidation of organic arsenic was more than 80% in reactor with 664 nm irradiation. The application experiments showed that the reactor had good stability, safety and reliability, and could meet the requirements of environmental photochemistry laboratory teaching.
This paper introduced the design method and device of a novel LED photochemical reactor, and applied the reactor to Cr(VI) photo-reduction and photooxidation of organic arsenic in environmental chemistry laboratory teaching. The results showed that the efficiency of Cr(VI) photo-reduction was 95% in LED photochemical reactor with 394 nm irradiation, and the efficiency of photooxidation of organic arsenic was more than 80% in reactor with 664 nm irradiation. The application experiments showed that the reactor had good stability, safety and reliability, and could meet the requirements of environmental photochemistry laboratory teaching.
2016, 31(4): 60-66
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160460
Abstract:
A new comprehensive drug synthesis experiment was introduced in this article. From commercially available D-mannose, methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-mannopyrannoside was synthesized via Fischer-Helferich glycosylation followed by benzoylation. The intermediate and the target compound were purified by filtration, washing, concentration, extraction, drying, and silicon column separation. The structure was characterized by the infrared spectrum (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, measurements of melt point and optical rotation of the compound.
A new comprehensive drug synthesis experiment was introduced in this article. From commercially available D-mannose, methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-mannopyrannoside was synthesized via Fischer-Helferich glycosylation followed by benzoylation. The intermediate and the target compound were purified by filtration, washing, concentration, extraction, drying, and silicon column separation. The structure was characterized by the infrared spectrum (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, measurements of melt point and optical rotation of the compound.
2016, 31(4): 67-69
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160467
Abstract:
The aqueous nanocluster model was discussed in addition to the thermodynamic analysis to enhance the understanding of the chemical property of aqueous solution at the atomic and molecular level and increase the advancement of teaching.
The aqueous nanocluster model was discussed in addition to the thermodynamic analysis to enhance the understanding of the chemical property of aqueous solution at the atomic and molecular level and increase the advancement of teaching.
2016, 31(4): 70-73
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160470
Abstract:
For systems with state formed from the combination of hydrogen-like orbitals, the conditions for having definite values of physical observables such as energy and angular momentum have been analyzed. Several problems are also discussed in finding average values of position, energy and angular momentum for non-eigenstates.
For systems with state formed from the combination of hydrogen-like orbitals, the conditions for having definite values of physical observables such as energy and angular momentum have been analyzed. Several problems are also discussed in finding average values of position, energy and angular momentum for non-eigenstates.
2016, 31(4): 74-79
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160474
Abstract:
In the field of inorganic chemistry, hydrolysis reactions are rarely discussed systematically. In this paper, the inorganic chemistry hydrolysis reactions are divided into three categories: the hydrolysis reactions in aqua solution and on heating, as well as the hydrolysis condensation reactions. The hydrolysis mechanism in aqua solution and application of the hydrolysis reactions and products in industry production and daily life are introduced briefly.
In the field of inorganic chemistry, hydrolysis reactions are rarely discussed systematically. In this paper, the inorganic chemistry hydrolysis reactions are divided into three categories: the hydrolysis reactions in aqua solution and on heating, as well as the hydrolysis condensation reactions. The hydrolysis mechanism in aqua solution and application of the hydrolysis reactions and products in industry production and daily life are introduced briefly.
2016, 31(4): 80-82
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160480
Abstract:
In this article, the reason that the iron powder reacts with chlorine to produce iron(III) trichloride under appropriate conditions is explained according to fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics. And the calculation result from Gibbs-Helmholtz equation reveals that the iron powder can react with chlorine to produce iron(II) dichloride at the temperature higher than 626 K. The calculation can not only reflect the guidance of chemical thermodynamics on inorganic synthesis, but also enhance students' ability to comprehend and apply chemical thermodynamics basic knowledge.
In this article, the reason that the iron powder reacts with chlorine to produce iron(III) trichloride under appropriate conditions is explained according to fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics. And the calculation result from Gibbs-Helmholtz equation reveals that the iron powder can react with chlorine to produce iron(II) dichloride at the temperature higher than 626 K. The calculation can not only reflect the guidance of chemical thermodynamics on inorganic synthesis, but also enhance students' ability to comprehend and apply chemical thermodynamics basic knowledge.
2016, 31(4): 83-88
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160483
Abstract:
The synthesis of organic dye Indigo followed by the application on the coloration of different fiber structures is introduced, as an undergraduate organic experiment widely employed overseas. Three confusing but important questions related to the synthesis procedure are also discussed, which are normally not mentioned in foreign textbooks: the synthetic mechanism for Indigo, the principle of Indigo coloration, and the process design of Indigo dyeing. The exquisitely designed procedure and practical achievement of this experiment are both worth applying to the domestic undergraduate experiments.
The synthesis of organic dye Indigo followed by the application on the coloration of different fiber structures is introduced, as an undergraduate organic experiment widely employed overseas. Three confusing but important questions related to the synthesis procedure are also discussed, which are normally not mentioned in foreign textbooks: the synthetic mechanism for Indigo, the principle of Indigo coloration, and the process design of Indigo dyeing. The exquisitely designed procedure and practical achievement of this experiment are both worth applying to the domestic undergraduate experiments.
