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2016 Volume 31 Issue 12
2016, 31(12): 1-3
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201611024
Abstract:
2016, 31(12): 4-8
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201611023
Abstract:
2016, 31(12): 9-12
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604023
Abstract:
This paper introduces the attempts of inquiry learning in inorganic chemistry teaching and proposes the significances of inquiry learning. The inquiry learning has been applied in experimental teaching, case teaching, experience teaching, etc. The implementation effects of inquiry learning are showed through teaching data. The practices indicate that the inquiry learning stimulates the students' learning initiatives, strengthens the interactions between teachers and students, cultivates the students' innovation abilities and exploration spirits, and improves the teaching effects.
This paper introduces the attempts of inquiry learning in inorganic chemistry teaching and proposes the significances of inquiry learning. The inquiry learning has been applied in experimental teaching, case teaching, experience teaching, etc. The implementation effects of inquiry learning are showed through teaching data. The practices indicate that the inquiry learning stimulates the students' learning initiatives, strengthens the interactions between teachers and students, cultivates the students' innovation abilities and exploration spirits, and improves the teaching effects.
2016, 31(12): 13-16
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201609017
Abstract:
It is a difficult field to learn element chemistry for students in inorganic chemistry course. In this paper, the authors present the application of PBL methodology in inorganic element chemistry teaching, based on the characteristics of element chemistry. The problem setting, the effects in implementation process, the evaluation and the multimedia application are discussed. The results show that this teaching methodology can improve the learning ability for the students, enhance their initiative and enthusiasm, and therefore increase the teaching quality.
It is a difficult field to learn element chemistry for students in inorganic chemistry course. In this paper, the authors present the application of PBL methodology in inorganic element chemistry teaching, based on the characteristics of element chemistry. The problem setting, the effects in implementation process, the evaluation and the multimedia application are discussed. The results show that this teaching methodology can improve the learning ability for the students, enhance their initiative and enthusiasm, and therefore increase the teaching quality.
2016, 31(12): 17-20
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201605007
Abstract:
In order to improve the teaching quality of inorganic chemistry laboratory, we carried out the reform and practice on textbooks construction, teaching means and teaching methods. The reform and practice mentioned above have achieved preliminary results.
In order to improve the teaching quality of inorganic chemistry laboratory, we carried out the reform and practice on textbooks construction, teaching means and teaching methods. The reform and practice mentioned above have achieved preliminary results.
2016, 31(12): 21-25
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604030
Abstract:
Materials chemistry is a new interdisciplinary originated from the combination of materials and chemistry. Its course content has not been confirmed, and always overlaps the content of other major course of materials chemistry. In this paper, based on the investigation of major requirements, core knowledge areas, and subject concept of materials chemistry, the course content and major curriculum of materials chemistry are explored and analyzed.
Materials chemistry is a new interdisciplinary originated from the combination of materials and chemistry. Its course content has not been confirmed, and always overlaps the content of other major course of materials chemistry. In this paper, based on the investigation of major requirements, core knowledge areas, and subject concept of materials chemistry, the course content and major curriculum of materials chemistry are explored and analyzed.
2016, 31(12): 26-30
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604013
Abstract:
The flipped classroom was applied in the teaching process of instrument analysis laboratory. Some knowledges envolved in materials preparing, pre-class guidance, class-teaching and implementing results were presented in order to provide guidance for teachers on teaching reformation.
The flipped classroom was applied in the teaching process of instrument analysis laboratory. Some knowledges envolved in materials preparing, pre-class guidance, class-teaching and implementing results were presented in order to provide guidance for teachers on teaching reformation.
2016, 31(12): 31-35
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604036
Abstract:
According to the actual situation of related specialties in our university, based on our teaching practice and experience for years, in order to improve the teaching efficiency of environmental chemistry, as well as enhance the vocational competency of environmental science and related majors, we optimized and integrated the curriculum contents of environmental chemistry, explored various teaching methods, and put into great play of the teacher's leading role and the students' main role.
According to the actual situation of related specialties in our university, based on our teaching practice and experience for years, in order to improve the teaching efficiency of environmental chemistry, as well as enhance the vocational competency of environmental science and related majors, we optimized and integrated the curriculum contents of environmental chemistry, explored various teaching methods, and put into great play of the teacher's leading role and the students' main role.
2016, 31(12): 36-40
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604029
Abstract:
In this paper, by introducing the culture and history of physical chemistry, exploring physical chemistry in daily life, demonstrating the latest progress in research and grasping the knowledge systematically, we developed the methods to increase students' interest in the study of physical chemistry.
In this paper, by introducing the culture and history of physical chemistry, exploring physical chemistry in daily life, demonstrating the latest progress in research and grasping the knowledge systematically, we developed the methods to increase students' interest in the study of physical chemistry.
2016, 31(12): 41-48
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201605020
Abstract:
Based on the self-construction practice of general chemistry, the paper analyses problems about building excellent resource sharing course, such as increasing the comparison of relative knowledges and the design of video emotion, going on optimum choice or composition for the methods of course videotape, and building interactive platform by use of modern information technology. Finally, the paper makes a deep discussion on how to scientifically construct the evaluating system of network courses.
Based on the self-construction practice of general chemistry, the paper analyses problems about building excellent resource sharing course, such as increasing the comparison of relative knowledges and the design of video emotion, going on optimum choice or composition for the methods of course videotape, and building interactive platform by use of modern information technology. Finally, the paper makes a deep discussion on how to scientifically construct the evaluating system of network courses.
2016, 31(12): 49-52
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201607008
Abstract:
In this paper, the reform and practice of the course of "chemistry and applying chemistry to society" at University of Science and Technology Beijing are introduced. Several new teaching methods were used in the past years in our course, and the results were studied by comparing it with that of the traditional method. We propose that teachers should try different teaching methods under the direction of syllabus, in order to make the course more interesting and promising.
In this paper, the reform and practice of the course of "chemistry and applying chemistry to society" at University of Science and Technology Beijing are introduced. Several new teaching methods were used in the past years in our course, and the results were studied by comparing it with that of the traditional method. We propose that teachers should try different teaching methods under the direction of syllabus, in order to make the course more interesting and promising.
2016, 31(12): 53-58
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201603035
Abstract:
On the basis of teaching practice, we introduce a computational chemistry experiment for highgrade undergraduate students. This experiment uses Gaussian 09, GaussView and UltraEdit softwares to calculate the changes of thermodynamic parameters for generation of vaporous water from hydrogen and oxygen, including the internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. Through this experiment, students will learn how to perform the geometry optimization, frequency calculation and energy calculation with the high-level quantum chemistry calculation methods.
On the basis of teaching practice, we introduce a computational chemistry experiment for highgrade undergraduate students. This experiment uses Gaussian 09, GaussView and UltraEdit softwares to calculate the changes of thermodynamic parameters for generation of vaporous water from hydrogen and oxygen, including the internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. Through this experiment, students will learn how to perform the geometry optimization, frequency calculation and energy calculation with the high-level quantum chemistry calculation methods.
2016, 31(12): 59-63
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604024
Abstract:
The ion electric migration phenomenon in CuSO4 electrolyte is investigated with Pt and Cu sheets as the electrodes, respectively. The electric migration process is qualitatively analyzed from the color change of the anodic and cathodic solutions before and after the electrolysis. The effect of the electrolyte concentration on the ion transference number is analyzed through the change of the mass of Cu electrodes and the change of the concentration of CuSO4 solution. By using different electrodes, the electrochemical reactions on the anodes and cathodes are also discussed. This improvement on the ion transference number measurement by Hittorf method aims to deepen the students' understanding of ion electric migration phenomenon by making comparisons of the electrode reactions in different electrolytes with different electrodes.
The ion electric migration phenomenon in CuSO4 electrolyte is investigated with Pt and Cu sheets as the electrodes, respectively. The electric migration process is qualitatively analyzed from the color change of the anodic and cathodic solutions before and after the electrolysis. The effect of the electrolyte concentration on the ion transference number is analyzed through the change of the mass of Cu electrodes and the change of the concentration of CuSO4 solution. By using different electrodes, the electrochemical reactions on the anodes and cathodes are also discussed. This improvement on the ion transference number measurement by Hittorf method aims to deepen the students' understanding of ion electric migration phenomenon by making comparisons of the electrode reactions in different electrolytes with different electrodes.
2016, 31(12): 64-68
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201603032
Abstract:
A comprehensive inorganic chemistry experiment is recommended in order to introduce the frontier research field of metal organic framework to the undergraduates. The experiment contains the preparation of linker, MOFs material and corresponding characterization, while the experimental skills include the basics and the introduction and operation of large equipments for characterization.
A comprehensive inorganic chemistry experiment is recommended in order to introduce the frontier research field of metal organic framework to the undergraduates. The experiment contains the preparation of linker, MOFs material and corresponding characterization, while the experimental skills include the basics and the introduction and operation of large equipments for characterization.
2016, 31(12): 69-72
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201606027
Abstract:
Conditions for formation of the delocalized π-bond in ABn molecules were discussed in detail. Three steps were introduced to help judging the formation of delocalized π-bond in ABn molecules. The delocalized π-bond in some non-planar molecules was also discussed.
Conditions for formation of the delocalized π-bond in ABn molecules were discussed in detail. Three steps were introduced to help judging the formation of delocalized π-bond in ABn molecules. The delocalized π-bond in some non-planar molecules was also discussed.
2016, 31(12): 73-78
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201603027
Abstract:
Thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential for phase equilibrium between gas and liquid in curved interface has been introduced in many textbooks and papers. In this paper, the process of the derivation of the criterion is proved to be wrong with analysis. In order to solve the problem, a proof procedure for the thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential is provided based on the definition of chemical potential. At the same time, a new thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium in curved interface is established using Gibbs interface thermodynamics and a new method for derivation of Kelvin equation is put forward based on the thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium. The new criterion which is derived directly from the second law of thermodynamics has a specific thermodynamic significance and clear physical model.
Thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential for phase equilibrium between gas and liquid in curved interface has been introduced in many textbooks and papers. In this paper, the process of the derivation of the criterion is proved to be wrong with analysis. In order to solve the problem, a proof procedure for the thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential is provided based on the definition of chemical potential. At the same time, a new thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium in curved interface is established using Gibbs interface thermodynamics and a new method for derivation of Kelvin equation is put forward based on the thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium. The new criterion which is derived directly from the second law of thermodynamics has a specific thermodynamic significance and clear physical model.
2016, 31(12): 79-82
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604034
Abstract:
It is well known that the acidity of boron halides increases in the order of BF3< BCl3< BBr3 when interacting with strong Lewis bases. This is contradictory to what is expected from electronegativity, which suggests that boron trifluoride (BF3) should be the strongest Lewis acid in the series. It is usually argued that the charge donation from fluorine 2p lone pairs into the empty boron 2p atomic orbital is more efficient and leads to the strongest π46 bond. But some theoretical results have shown that the overlap between the boron 2p orbital and the chlorine 3p orbital is larger than that between the boron 2p orbital and the fluorine 2p orbital. So many concepts, such as charge capacity, valence deficiency, frontier orbital theory, pyramidalization energy, maximum hardness principle, minimum electrophilicity principle etc., have been put forward to explain the acidity of boron halides. This article reviews these explanations.
It is well known that the acidity of boron halides increases in the order of BF3< BCl3< BBr3 when interacting with strong Lewis bases. This is contradictory to what is expected from electronegativity, which suggests that boron trifluoride (BF3) should be the strongest Lewis acid in the series. It is usually argued that the charge donation from fluorine 2p lone pairs into the empty boron 2p atomic orbital is more efficient and leads to the strongest π46 bond. But some theoretical results have shown that the overlap between the boron 2p orbital and the chlorine 3p orbital is larger than that between the boron 2p orbital and the fluorine 2p orbital. So many concepts, such as charge capacity, valence deficiency, frontier orbital theory, pyramidalization energy, maximum hardness principle, minimum electrophilicity principle etc., have been put forward to explain the acidity of boron halides. This article reviews these explanations.
2016, 31(12): 83-85
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201606011
Abstract:
The equation for depression of the freezing point for dilute solution is derived on the basis of △G=△H-T△S. The change of entropy in the solution before and after phase transition reveals that the depression of the freezing point is originated from the larger entropy change in the process of dissolution than that in fusion. The further application of this equation is discussed in a more general manner.
The equation for depression of the freezing point for dilute solution is derived on the basis of △G=△H-T△S. The change of entropy in the solution before and after phase transition reveals that the depression of the freezing point is originated from the larger entropy change in the process of dissolution than that in fusion. The further application of this equation is discussed in a more general manner.
2016, 31(12): 86-89
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604018
Abstract:
Several characteristics of the basic chemistry teaching at UW-Madison are demonstrated, revealing how this school cultivates the students' autonomous learning ability and innovation ability through thorough teaching management and carefully-designed teaching methods. This introduction will give some inspirations for our basic chemistry course reform.
Several characteristics of the basic chemistry teaching at UW-Madison are demonstrated, revealing how this school cultivates the students' autonomous learning ability and innovation ability through thorough teaching management and carefully-designed teaching methods. This introduction will give some inspirations for our basic chemistry course reform.
2016, 31(12): 90-91
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX2016100121
Abstract:
The questions in the 30th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary Test) are solved in detail. The manuscript not only provides systematic analyses for all questions, but also guides the readers through the solutions in an intuitive manner. For selected questions, rich introduction to the scientific backgrounds and bibliographical resources are also included.
The questions in the 30th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary Test) are solved in detail. The manuscript not only provides systematic analyses for all questions, but also guides the readers through the solutions in an intuitive manner. For selected questions, rich introduction to the scientific backgrounds and bibliographical resources are also included.
