Increasing global warming and energy shortage caused by traditional fossil energy combustion to carbon dioxide (CO₂) has become a significant global issue in view of humans' continuing development. The photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ produced from hydrocarbon fuels using solar light and semiconductor photocatalytic materials could not only decrease the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus reduce the greenhouse warming effect, but also provide hydrocarbon fuels to partially alleviate the energy shortage crisis. Hence, the photocatalysis technique has attracted considerable attention in industry and academic areas. In this paper, the fundamental principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis and the recent progress in the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to hydrocarbon fuels are introduced and reviewed. Based on previous reports in the field of photocatalysis research, the main types of semiconductors capable of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide can be summarized as follows: pure TiO₂ photocatalysts, ABO₃ perovskite-structured photocatalysts, spinel-structured photocatalysts, doped oxide photocatalysts, composite semiconductor photocatalysts, V-, W-, Ge-, Ga-based photocatalysts, and graphene-based photocatalysts. In addition, the characteristics of various photocatalytic materials and some factors affecting photocatalytic activities are reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges for developing new photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction are presented.

To enable the effective development of functional gels, much effort has been dedicated to elucidating the mechanism of gelation. However, most existing studies have considered only the influence of the chemical structure of the gelators and/or external environmental factors; the contribution of the solvent in the gelation procedure is not yet understood. In this review, to reveal the solvent effects, the relationship between the gelation properties (such as the gel-sol phase transition temperature (T_gel), the critical gelation concentration (CGC), and the gelation behaviors) and the solvent parameters (ε、E_T(30), χ, δ, δ_d, δ_p, δ_h) is systematically discussed, based on recent research progress. Moreover, some experimental models for predicting the solvent effects (such as the one-dimensional model, Teas plot model, and Hansen space models) are introduced and discussed; these models could provide a guide for the development of new supramolecular gel systems.

Studying the microstructure and intermolecular interactions of ionic liquid (IL) systems is of great importance. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF₆])+water+ethanol and [Bmim][PF₆]+water+isopropanol ternary systems. Radial distribution functions were calculated, and the interaction energies between ion pairs and mixed solvents of different compositions were decomposed into Coulombic interaction energies and Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials. The microstructure and intermolecular interactions of the ternary systems were studied based on the results, and the phase behaviors of the systems were discussed. The results show that water tends to interact with the anion and polar part of the cation, while alcohols prefer to interact with the anion and nonpolar part of the cation. The Coulombic interaction dominates over the anion-solvent interaction, while the LJ interaction dominates over the cation-solvent interaction. The association state of the ion pair has a small effect on the LJ interaction, but a significant effect on the Coulombic interaction.

The A-band structural dynamics of 4-nitroimidazole (4NI) were studied using resonance Raman spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations, and the vibrational spectra, UV absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and A-band resonance Raman spectra were assigned. The resonance Raman spectra of 4-nitroimidazole were obtained in methanol with excitation wavelengths in resonance with the first intense absorption band, to probe the short-time structural dynamics. The optimized geometric structures and the excitation energies of the singlet excited states S₁(n_Oπ^*) and S₂(ππ^*), and the conical intersection point S₁(n_Oπ^*)/S₂(ππ^*), were computed at the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF)/6-31G(d) theory level. The intensity patterns of the A-band resonance Raman spectra were analyzed, and the results, together with those of the CASSCF calculations, revealed that the major decay channel initiated from the S₂(ππ^*) state was S_{2, FC}→S_{2, min}(ππ^*)→S₀ radiation.

The configuration, stability, and electronic structure of W₃O₉ clusters deposited on Li- and Al-doped M (001) surfaces were investigated using first- principles molecular dynamic simulations combined with quantum mechanical calculations. The results indicated that when the doping was in the top layer of the M (001) surface, the type of dopant had a great influence on the configuration of theW₃O₉ clusters. In the presence of electron-deficient Li doping, the cyclic conformation of the gas-phase W₃O₉ clusters was not stable, and it changed to a chain-like structure. While the introduction of the Al dopant made the surface electron-rich, the W₃O₉ clusters preferred parallel and vertical arrangements, respectively; the stabilities of the two configurations were similar, except that in the former case the one terminal oxygen of the clusters became a capped oxygen via bonding with three W atoms. When the doping was present in the sublayer, the W₃O₉ clusters still showed a cyclic conformation, and favored a vertical deposition model. In comparison with the Li-doping of the M (001) surface, the Al-doping significantly enhanced the interactions between theW₃O₉ and the M (001) surface, and more electrons were transferred from the substrate to certain W atoms, which would have significant effects on the catalytic performance of the W₃O₉ clusters.

Au/H similarity is a hot topic in chemistry. Here, we report the theoretical prediction of new members of the Au/H analogy family: covalent B₂Au₄, ionic Al₂Au₄, and BAlAu₄. A comparative study of the geometric and electronic structures of electron-deficient B₂Au₄, Al₂Au₄, and BAlAu₄ was performed based on density and wave functional theories. Detailed orbital analyses, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), and electron localization function (ELF) analyses were performed. Ab initio theoretical evidence strongly suggests that the ground state of slightly distorted C₂B₂Au₄ is a covalent complex containing two B―Au―B three centers-two electrons (3c-2e) bonds. Unexpectedly, C_3vAl⁺(AlAu₄)^- and C_3v Al⁺(BAu₄)^- are predicted to have a salt-like composition with three X―Au―Al 3c-2e bonds (X=Al in Al₂Au₄, X=B in BAlAu₄). Al₂Au₄ and BAlAu₄ represent the first examples of bridging ld bonds in ionic-deficient systems. The adiabatic and vertical detachment energies of the anions were calculated to facilitate their future experimental characterization. Bridging ld addressed in this work provides an interesting bonding mode for covalent and ionic-deficient systems, and may aid in designing new materials and catalysts with highly dispersed Au atoms.

The compatibilizing effects of the addition of a block copolymer on the mechanical properties of immiscible polymer blends were studied using a combined simulation method; this method used MesoDyn to determine the morphology and a probabilistic lattice spring model (LSM) to determine the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties, including the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and fracture position, were analyzed as a function of the concentration of the additive. The simulation results showed that the polymer blends without any compatibilizer had poor mechanical properties, compared with the original components, primarily because of the lack of stress transfer across the sharp interface. The tensile strength increased dramatically with the addition of the compatibilizer. The fracture position moved from the interface further into the matrix with increases in the volume fraction of the compatibilizer, leading to the enhancement of the tensile strength. The Young's modulus varied slightly with increases in the concentration of the additive. These studies provide an efficient path for the correlation of the complex morphologies of polymer blends with their mechanical response.

The adsorption of thiophene on Pd(111), Pt(111), and Au(111) surfaces was investigated by periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the GGA/PW91 level. The results showed that the adsorption energies of thiophene on the different surfaces following the order Pd(111)>Pt(111)>Au(111). The adsorption structure on the Au(111) surface showed almost no change, and the most stable adsorption structure was tilted adsorption on the top site through the S atom of thiophene. For the Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces, the most stable adsorption structure was parallel adsorption to the hollow site through the ring plane of thiophene. After adsorption, the H atom of thiophene moved upward and the structure of thiophene was distorted and folded. The aromaticity of thiophene was disrupted and the C atoms were characteristic of sp³ hybridization. Furthermore, the electrons of the M(111) surfaces and thiophene were redistributed after adsorption. The electron transfer from thiophene to the M(111) surfaces was in the order Pd(111)>Pt(111)>Au(111). The electrons of the M(111) surfaces were also back-denoted to the empty orbitals of the thiophene molecule. These processes eventually lead to the adsorption of thiophene on the M(111) surfaces.

Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods under the action of an electric field force led to the formation of two-dimensional (2D) graphite nanosheet arrays (GNSAs) perpendicular to the surface of the graphite substrate and parallel to each other in arrangement. Subsequently, SnO₂/graphite nanosheet array (SnO₂/GNSA) composite electrodes were prepared by the cathodic reduction electrodeposition method. The morphology, composition, and microstructure of the samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical measurements showed that the composite electrodes achieved specific capacitance values as high as 4105 F·m^-2 in the potential window up to 1.4 V with a scan rate of 5 mV·s^-1 in 0.5 mol·L^-1 LiNO₃ solution. Asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with the as-prepared SnO₂/GNSAs exhibited excellent capacitive performance with energy density of 0.41 Wh·m^-2 in the potential window up to 1.8 V and retention of 81% after 5000 cycles.

Aminated graphene (GP-NH₂) was fabricated via the modification of graphite oxide ( ) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AMPTS), and the covalent grafting of the amine functional groups was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The aminated graphene (GP-NH₂)/activated carbon (AC) composite electrode (GP-NH₂/AC) was prepared, using the GP-NH₂ as an additive. An AC||GP-NH₂/AC asymmetric capacitor for capacitor deionization was then assembled using the GP-NH₂/AC electrode as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode. A salt removal of 7.63 mg·g^-1 was achieved using the AC||GP-NH₂/AC capacitor, and current efficiency was increased to 77.6%. AGP-SO₃H/AC electrode was then prepared by mixing AC with sulfonated GP. With GP-NH₂/AC as the positive electrode, and GP-SO₃H/AC as the negative electrode, a GP-SO₃H/AC||GP-NH₂/AC asymmetric capacitor was assembled for capacitive deionization. An average desalting rate of 0.99 mg·g^-1·min^-1 was achieved, almost five times higher than that achieved using an AC||AC symmetric capacitor. The chargedischarge rate showed a 30% increase. The existence of the intrinsic charge on the electrode surface greatly inhibited the migration of counter ions, so that the current efficiency was significantly enhanced (to 92.8%) in comparison with the value achieved using an AC||AC capacitor (40%). These results demonstrated that the functionalized graphene in the AC electrode not only enhanced the conductivity, but also controlled the selective adsorption of ions, thereby significantly improving the deionization performance.

Specific ion effects have been observed in a wide range of phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. Recent studies have indicated that the origin of these effects in some relatively low-electrolyte-concentration systems is the ion polarization in the strong electric field near the interface, rather than dispersion forces, classical induction forces, ionic size, or hydration effects. These effects cause the counterions near the interface to become strongly polarized (with a polarization that is nearly ten thousands times stronger than classical polarization). This strong polarization causes that the Coulomb force exerted by the polarized ions near the interface is far greater than the force generated by the ionic charge, which is reflected in the fact that the effective charge number of polarized ions is much larger than their original charge number. We therefore used the effective charge number of strongly polarized cations to quantitatively characterize the strength of specific ion effects in colloid systems. In this study, we observed the strong, specific ion effects of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cu²⁺ in the montmorillonite-humic acid composite aggregation process. Furthermore, we established a method to calculate the effective charge number of polarized cations based on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) measured using dynamic light scattering. We successfully obtained the effective charge number of polarized ions. The experimental effective charge numbers for Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cu²⁺ were Z_{Na(effective)}=1.46, Z_K(effective)=1.86, Z_{Ca(effective)}=3.92, Z_{Cu(effective)}=6.48, respectively. These results showed that the non-classical polarization greatly enhanced the effective charge number of ions, greatly enhancing the Coulomb force exerted by the ions; and that the more electronic layers the ions had and the stronger the ionic polarization, the more the effective charge of ions increased.

An Mg(Ⅱ) and Ti(Ⅳ), iso-molar, co-doped cathode material LiMn_1.9Mg_0.05Ti_0.05O₄ for lithium-ion batteries was successfully synthesized via a sol-gel method, using lithium hydroxide, manganese acetate, magnesium nitrate, and butyl titanate as raw materials, and citric acid as a chelating agent. The as-prepared materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical tests (including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements). The results demonstrated that the cathode material LiMn_1.9Mg_0.05Ti_0.05O₄, which was obtained after calcination at 780℃ for 12 h, exhibited a fine microstructure and od electrochemical performance. When cycled at 4.35-3.30 V at room temperature, LiMn_1.9Mg_0.05Ti_0.05O₄ delivered a discharge specific capacity of 126.8 mAh·g^-1 at 0.5C rate, and maintained a capacity of 118.5 mAh·g^-1 after 50 cycles; the capacity retention of this material reached 93.5%. This material showed a discharge-specific capacity of 111.9 mAh·g^-1 at 0.5C rate after 30 cycles, when it was cycled at 55℃; under these conditions the capacity retention reached 91.9%, far superior to the capacity retention of undoped LiMn₂O₄. The iso-molar co-doping of LiMn₂O₄ with Mg(Ⅱ) and Ti(Ⅳ) ions led to significant modification of the electronic and ionic conductivity, and increased the rate properties and electrochemical performance of the spinel lithium manganate at elevated temperatures.

The dynamic interfacial tension, dilational rheological properties, and interfacial relaxation processes of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactant C₁₂-(CH₂)₂-C₁₂·2Br (Gemini12-2-12) solutions and Gemini12-2-12/ ionic liquid surfactant C₁₂mimBr mixed systems at an air/water interface were investigated using an interfacial dilational rheology method at low frequencies (0.02-0.50 Hz). The effect of the C₁₂mimBr on the interfacial properties of the Gemini12-2-12/C₁₂mimBr mixed systems, and the mechanism responsible for the influence of C₁₂mimBr on the aggregation behavior of the Gemini12-2-12 at the air/water interface, are discussed here. The experimental results showed that with increasing the amount of C₁₂mimBr, the time required to achieve interfacial adsorption equilibrium for the mixed systems was reduced, the dilational moduli and phase angle in the mixed systems decreased, and the interfacial adsorption films were inclined to become elastic. Simultaneously, the relaxation processes at the interface or near the interface changed significantly, the slow relaxation process disappeared, and a fast relaxation process dominated the properties of the interfacial films. Moreover, the contribution of the fast relaxation process increased with increasing the concentration of C₁₂mimBr. The abovementioned changes in the interfacial properties were mainly attributed to the participation of the C₁₂mimBr in the formation of the interface, and the competitive adsorption of the two surfactants at the air/water interface. At lower concentrations of C₁₂mimBr, the C₁₂mimBr molecules filled the vacancies between the Gemini12-2-12 molecules when the Gemini12-2-12 molecules were loosely arranged at the interface, and mixedadsorption films formed from C₁₂mimBr and Gemini12-2-12 spread on the air/water interface. With increasing the concentration of C₁₂mimBr, the alkyl chains of the Gemini12-2-12 molecules that were wrapped around each other at the air/water interface untangled, and the Gemini12-2-12 molecules underwent desorption from the interface. At the same time, C₁₂mimBr molecules replaced Gemini12-2-12 molecules, because of their low steric hindrance and strong hydrophobic effects; ultimately, C₁₂mimBr molecules almost entirely occupied the air/water interface.

Iron and copper bimetallic catalysts with fixed total contents of copper and iron were prepared by a co-impregnation method, and then used for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen. The properties of the catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂- TPR), NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The iron and copper bimetallic catalysts exhibited od activity and high selectivity of N₂ at the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 100000 h^-1. The activity and N₂ selectivity in the low temperature range increased with increasing Cu loading, whereas in the high temperature range (above 400 ℃) the selectivity of N₂ was directly related to the content of iron. The highest NH₃ conversion was achieved at about 350℃ for Fe_0.25Cu_0.75/ZSM-5, and the N₂ selectivity was up to 97% at 300 ℃. On the other hand, the extremely high N₂ selectivity about 98% was obtained over Fe_0.75Cu_0.25/ZSM-5 at 500 ℃. In addition, N₂O as the by-product and greenhouse gas was obtained in very low amounts for all the catalysts. The characterization results showed that the activity was influenced by the acid content and the amounts of copper species. Moreover, the highly reducing capacity could improve the N₂ selectivity.

Ordered mesoporous silica materials SBA-15, MCM-41, SBA-16, KIT-6 with different pore sizes and properties were prepared. Several SBA-15 materials were synthesized with different pore diameters by changing the hydrothermal temperature. The materials produced were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The adsorption isotherms of organic aldehyde were measured, using butyraldehyde as a model molecule. The results were compared with those for the adsorption capacity of Y-zeolite; they showed that the specific surface area originating from the mesopores was proportional to the amount of butyraldehyde adsorption. The adsorption isotherms agreed with Langmuir mode for monolayer adsorption. Mesoporous silica MCM-41 with the highest mesopore specific surface area showed the highest adsorbed amount of butyraldehyde (484 mg·g^-1). The SBA-15 sample was selected for the fabrication of cigarette filters, and the results showed that SBA-15 significantly reduced the amount of Croton aldehyde released in cigarette smoke.

A two-step method combining colloid synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation was developed for the preparation of bimetallic Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts, with the aim of increasing the selectivity to styrene in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. The structural properties of the catalysts were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO-pulse chemisorption, N₂ physisorption, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES). The effects of changing the Cu/Pd molar ratio, the Pd loading, and the order in which the Pd and Cu were introduced into the catalysts on the catalytic activity and selectivity were investigated. The results showed that Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited much higher selectivity toward styrene than Pd/γ-Al₂O₃. In particular, Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ with a Pd loading of 0.3%(w) and a Cu/Pd molar ratio of 0.6 displayed excellent performance at 40℃under 0.1 MPa H₂, with a high selectivity of 95% at a conversion of 90%, and a selectivity of approximately 82%, even at conversions of higher than 99%. The increased selectivity of Pd-Cu/γ- Al₂O₃ was ascribed mainly to the geometrical effects of the Pd-Cu bimetallic alloys, rather than the electronic effects, since no electron transfer occurred between Pd and Cu.

With the aim of decreasing the dehydriding temperature and improving the hydriding/dehydriding kinetic properties of MgH₂, we prepared MgH₂+20%(w) MgTiO₃ composite via ball-milling, and investigated the hydrogen storage properties of the composite. X- ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the MgTiO₃ decomposed into Mg₂TiO₄ and TiO₂ during the ball-milling. These two resulting compounds remained stable during the hydriding/dehydriding processes, working as catalysts for the hydriding/dehydriding. Temperatureprogrammed- desorption (TPD) and hydriding/dehydriding kinetics tests showed that doping MgH₂ with MgTiO₃ lowered the onset dehydrogenation temperature of MgH₂ from 389 to 249 ℃, as well as increasing the hydrogen absorption amount from 0.977%(w) to 2.902%(w) at 150 ℃, and increasing the desorption amount from 2.319% (w) to 3.653%(w) at 350 ℃. The MgTiO₃ additive decreased the dehydriding activation energy of MgH₂ from 116 to 95.7 kJ·mol^-1. The thermodynamic and kinetic performance of the MgH₂+20%(w) MgTiO₃ composite was significantly improved compared with pristine MgH₂, which was attributed to the high catalytic activity of the (insitu formed) TiO₂ and Mg₂TiO₄ during the ball-milling and dehydriding processes.

Three types of Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles with silica shell thicknesses of around 10, 25, and 80 nm were prepared. Europium complexes with benzoate (BA) in different proportions, 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2, 2'-bipyridine (bpy), were synthesized and characterized. The results suggest that the complexes have the formulas Eu(BA)_nCl_3-n ·2H₂O (n=1, 2, 3), Eu(phen)Cl₃ ·2H₂O, and Eu(bpy)Cl₃ ·2H₂O. The luminescence spectra of the complexes showed that adding Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles increased the fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence enhancement sequence of the different silica shell thickness Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles was 25 nm> 80 nm>10 nm, which showed that the local surface plasmon resonance was strongest at the silica shell thickness of about 25 nm. Furthermore, the enhancement effect for the Eu(phen)Cl₃·2H₂O complex was the strongest and that for the benzoic complex Eu(BA)_nCl_3-n·2H₂O was the weakest in these complexes. For the three benzoic complexes, the enhancement effect of Eu(BA)₃·2H₂O was the lowest. The nitrogenous complexes (Eu(phen)Cl₃ and Eu(bpy)Cl₃) could combine withAg@SiO₂ nanoparticles very well, while the interaction of Eu(BA)₃· 2H₂O with Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles was weaker. Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles are expected to enhance luminescence of rare earth materials.

Sol-gel copolymer templated mesoporous silica (MPS) films of ~40 nm thickness were fabricated on the 50-nm-thick ld films sputtered on glass substrates. A top monolayer of ld nanoparticles (GNPs) was subsequently self-assembled on the MPS film to form an Au/MPS/GNPmultilayer structure for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy based on evanescent wave excitation. The open-pore structure of the MPS films, which was conducive to the rapid diffusion of small molecules into the film, was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Simulation using finite difference time domain (FDTD) solutions indicates that the evanescent field between the Au film and GNP layer of the Au/MPS/GNP substrate can be significantly enhanced under the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) condition. Owing to the complete spatial overlap, this enhanced field enables to superefficiently excite SERS signals from small molecules adsorbed in the MPS film. Moreover, the MPS film can effectively prevent the direct metal-molecule interaction, making the SERS signal immune to the interference by the metal. The SERS effect of the Au/MPS/GNP substrate loaded with Raman-active Nile blue (NB) molecules was investigated at 785 nm excitation wavelength with the Kretschmann configuration, and the experimental results were compared with those obtained using theAu/GNP substrate.With theAu/MPS/ GNP substrate very strong Raman signals were detected on the prism and air sides, respectively, under the SPR condition. The air-side Raman peak at 586 cm^-1 is 40 times as high as that with the Au/GNP substrate. This enhancement is attributed to the open-pore MPS film. The further measurements reveal a positive correlation between the air-side Raman peak intensity and the NB concentration of the solution sample, giving a sign that the Au/MPS/GNP substrate could be used for quasi-quantitative analysis.

The molecular vibrational signals of n-dodecanethiol (DDT) were detected in different confined states using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Samples with three different confined states were used, including a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of DDTmolecules on a ld (Au) substrate, DDT surface-functionalized Au nanoparticles on a silica substrate, and surface-functionalized Au nanoparticles dispersed in a toluene solution. The vibrational spectra of the DDT molecules were successfully captured for all three samples, and the spectral differences provided evidence of the different confined structures. On the Au substrate, the DDT molecules orderly packed together; on the silica substrate, the DDT molecules attached to the Au nanoparticle surfaces were somehow flexible; and at the air-toluene interface, the DDT molecules attached to the Au nanoparticle surfaces were highly disordered. The spectral analysis indicated that the molecular vibrational signals generated from the Au nanoparticle surfaces were enhanced because of the localized enhanced fields near the Au nanoparticle surfaces, with the enhancement factors of 10²-10³ over the SAM of DDT molecules on the Au substrate, depending on the selected polarization combination.

一年来(2013年11月21日-2014年11月20日), 有945位老师(名单按姓名拼音字母排序)非常认真细致、无偿而且及时(外审平均18天、复审平均8天)地完成了审稿, 提出了很多客观、中肯的意见和建议. 他们的辛勤劳动和无私奉献使得《物理化学学报》能够高质量、快速(网络版平均出版周期为71天, 印刷版为139天)地发表作者的优秀研究成果, 促进了学术交流. 谨向他们致以衷心的谢忱和崇高的敬意!