The affect of subphase pH on the monolayers at air/water interphase for vitamin E and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was investigated by determining the surface pressure-area isothermis. Decrease in subphase pH didn't change the collapse pressure of monolayer for DPPC,but led to obvious increase in that for VE, it also didn't change the area per molecule of monolayer for VE, but caused DPPC monolayer to be condensed. At lower surface pressure, the action of VE to the expansion of DPPC monolayer was small on pure water, but large on the subphase of pH=1. It suggests that interactions between the polar head groups may play an important role in the behavior of the VE/DPPC monolayers on the subphase of lower pH.

A complex solute Maran ni instability phenomena is observed by analysing the motion of a nitroethane droplet located at the surface of an aqueous solution of 2-butanol. It is shown that the motion in the first five minutes is composed of three successive phases with different dynamic properties-oscillatory, stationary and spiral.
A self-induced complex mechanism is used to explain this phenomena. It is proposed that the basic origin of this instability is the transfer of the surface-active 2-butanol, but this transfer diminishes the subsurface concentration of 2-butanol in the aqueous phase and induces the restoration of the equilibrium of mutual solubility of the two solvents-nitroethane and water, which has a complex effect on this interfacial phenomena.

Micelle diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy of SDS/BA/H2O system are determined by electrochemical methods without any probe. The results show that L1 area is not a single O/W microemulsion, it consists of two small regions-O/W microemulsion and oil-water bicontinuous microemulsion,. The microemulsion exists in liquid drop in O/W microemulsion and in net-structure in oil-water bicontinuous microemulsion. The diffusion property is better and diffusion activation energy smaller in the former than in the latter.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-ZrO2(SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3) hybrid glasses have been synthesized through Sol-Gel process by using allyl acetylacetone as coupling agent. Alkoxide precursor modified with allyl acetylacetone was hydrolyzed to produce an inorganic network, and then poly(methacrylate) (PMMA) chains formed in situ through a radical polymerization were chemically bound to the forming inorganic network to synthesize a hybrid glass. Several transparent hybrid glasses have been obtained. The synthesis process was investigated by FTIR and UV spectroscopies, and the results demonstrated that acetylacetonate groups were bound to titanium(aluminium, zirconium) in the process of preparation and the final hybrid glasses, but they didn't to silicon. The results of TGA showed that the thermal stabilities of these hybrid materials were considerably improved compared with pure PMMA. Among them, the hybrid glass containing zirconia had the best thermal stability.

 Multiple films of copper phthalocyanine derivative embedded SnO2 ultrafine particles were studied. The results indicated that there is interaction between CuPc and SnO2, and structure of CuPc is destroyed to some extent. Gas-sensitivity measurements show that conductance of LB films after embedding increases about one order of magnitude, stability of gas-sensing also increases.

 The stability of copper (Ⅱ)-13-(2'-Hydroxy-3',5'-substituted benzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-12, 14-dione(RTADO-14) binary complex compounds and of copper (Ⅱ)-5-substituted-1,10-phenanthrolines(R'TADO)-RTADO-14 ternary complex compounds was studied by means of pH titration method at 25.0±0.1 ℃ and I=0.1mol?dm-3KNO3. The formation constants of binary and ternary complexes were obtained. The structures of the binary and ternary complxes and the effects fo substituents on macrocyclic ligands and on R'Phen were also discussed.

The mathematical models for thermokinetics of first-order reactions in titration period and in the stopped-titration reaction period have been suggested, respectively, by titration calorimetry. By analyzing the titration calorimetric curve of one experiment of a reaction, these two models can be used to calculate the first-order rate constant (k1) and the molar enthalpy(△rHm) of the reaction. Thermokinetics of the saponification of ethyl acetate in doubly distilled water was studied by titration calorimetry. The reliability of this titration calorimetric method for studying thermokinetics of first-order reactions has been verified by the experimental results obtained.

In the process of making electrodes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFC), the conventionally used PTFE is replaced by Nafion solution as the binder, whose content in the catalyst layer is optimised. The effects of gas pressure and electrolyte membrane on the performance of oxygen electrode are also studied. It is found that: (1) the performance is improved using Nafion as the binder and the electrode with 2mg?cm-2 Nafion in the catalyst shows the best performance; (2) higher gas pressure improves the preformance of the cell: (3) the performance of the cell with Nafion 115 membrane is better than that with Nafion 117 membrane.

Microstructure of water in water/AOT/n-heptane microemulsion system has been studied using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Intensity and peak position of O-H stretching band of water in the system were found to change with water content Wo, i.e. the molar ratio of water to surfactant (H2O/AOT). Intensity of O-H stretching vibration in the range of 3050 and 3750 cm-1 increased with water content and the frequency was also found to vary from 3493 to 3417 cm-1 in the system with increasing Wo values (from 1 to 60). Four types of circumstance of water exist in the microemulsion system located around 3590±20 cm-1, 3520±10cm-1, 3465±10 cm-1 and 3270±20 cm-1 were estimated after O-H stretching bands were resolved by curve fitting. The stretching band of carboxide splitted into two peaks located at 1739±2cm-1and 1722±2 cm-1 and the intensity ratio Ir(I1739/I1722) decreased with water content. These variations are due to both the hydration of head-group and the different conformation in AOT molecule.

Uniform nanosized NiO particles were prepared by a chemical coprecipitation using NiCl2?6H2O as the starting material. The relationship between various annealing temperatures and grain size of NiO crystallite was investigated. Optical reflectivity spectra of Nanometer-sized NiO powders at room temperature were studied. The results show that seven optical absorption bands (P1、 P2、P3、P4、P5、P6 and P7) with the peak energies of 3.30, 2.99, 2.78, 2.25,1.92, 1.72 and 1.07eV, respectively, are located on a continuous refiectivity background. P1、 P2、P3 and P4 exhibit "blue shift", but P5、P6 and P7 present "red shift" in comparison with that of single crystal NiO. The continuous reflectivity background increases rapidly with increasing the annealing temperature from 500℃ to 600℃ to 700℃. The origins of P1 to P7 and the reasons of "blue shift", "red shift" and the increase of the reflectivity background with increasing the annealing temperature have been analyzed in detail.

The Crystals of acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus (i.e. Agkistrodon halys pallas) covalently modified with p-bromo-phenacylbromide were obtained by the method of hanging drop vapor diffusion. Crystallization droplet was composed of 0.06mol?L-1 Na(CH3)2AsO2 (pH=6.5), 24.8% (v/v) 1,4-butanediol, and 4.5mg?mL-1 protein. The crystal data are of a=b=82.82?., c=32.85?, space group P61. 8945 unique reflections with 1.93 ? resolution were measured on a Siemens area detector X-ray diffractometor, of which 8069 reflections having F0 >2σ(F). The experimental results show that the crystals are suitable to a structure analysis of high resolution.

The formation mechanism of mesoporous molecular sieve materials MCM-41 in different synthetic systems has been studied systemically. In the Na2O-(CTMA)2O-SiO2-H2O system, it is found that liquid-crystal templating mechanism should be that silica first forms silicated micelle with surfactant cation, then silica/CTMA+ micelle polymerizes with each other forming the hexa nal mesophase. The experimental results in the TMAOH-SiO2-CTMABr-H2O system supports the mechanism proposed for a surfactant-silica system from the lamellar to the hexa nal mesophase. Therefore, it is found that the formation mechanisms of MCM-41 molecular sieves are not the same under different synthetic conditions and in different synthetic systems.

Single phase of ammonium tetramolybdate in the micro power form was prepared from polyphase ammonium paramolybdate. Its heat capacity from 14.25℃ to 120.12 ℃ was measured by drop method and the result is
Cp=0.3936+7.4047×10-4T+6.3543×10-3T-2(J•K-1•g-1)

The inclusion complex of benzyl acetate (BA) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared and was confirmed by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composition of the complex was identified by thermogravimetry (TG) and elemental analysis as β-CD•C9H10O2•6H2O•TG and DSC studies showed that the thermal dissociation of β-CD•C9H10O2•6H2O took place in three stages: the dehydration occurred at 80-120 ℃; the dissociation of β-CD•C9H10O2 occurred at 245-270℃; and the decomposition of β-CD began at 285℃. The kinetics of dissociation of β-CD•C9H10O2 was studied by means of TG. The results showed that the dissociation ofβ-CD•C9H10O2 was controlled by a two-dimensional random nucleation and subsequent growth process (A3), the activation energy E is 172.85kJ•mol-1, and the pre-exponential factor A is1.1392×1016.min- 1.

The Stability and chemical oscillation of the hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations for glycolysis model are studied and compared with that of the corresponding parabolic equations. The results show that the parabolic equation is the limiting case of the hyperbolic system when the reaction-diffusion number Nrd →∞, and that the divergence of the wave speed, which exists in the parabolic system, does not appear in the hyperbolic one. The stabilities of these two systems are significantly different. The hyperbolic system may exist in chaos state under certain conditions. It is shown that the hyperbolic system is more suitatle to be used as the model for studying chemical oscillations.

The thermodynamic parameters of main phase transition of 1,2-di-n-heptadecanoylphosphatidylcholine have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry. According to the data obtained and the reliable data in literature, the homolo us linear rules of the thermodynamic parameters of main phase transitions have been obtained by linear regression analysis. The linear regression equations of the thermodynamic parameters obtained can fit the experimental data better than the equations from Small(1986) and Marsh(1991).

The metabolic heat output of resting cells (Saccharobacter fermentatus WVB8512) has been determined by means of microcalorimetric method. The metabolic thermokinetic equation is
dp/dt=k0,k0=0
The thermochemical equations are
lntm=10.1812-6.5492×10-9C
dC/dP0=KCn n=2
The order of metabolism (n) is 2. The experimental results indicate that the heat output produced by each cell and the metabolic time depend on cell concentration and are inhibited by cell density. The metabolism presents a special kind of special inhibition effect.