Huggins equation has been found not suitable for the ionomer solution because of the aggregation of polymer chains. In this paper a viscosity equation for describing the viscometric behavior of ionomer solution is proposed as follows:
ηsp/c = A•exp(κcγ)
where A, κ and γ are adjustable parameters. Two kinds of zinc sulfonated butyl rubber (Zn-SIIR) ionomers with different molecular weight ([η]=0.65 and 1.47dL•g-1, xylene, 25 ℃) have been synthesized. Viscosity measurements for the ionomers in xylene containing various amount of hexanol (0~0.2mol•L-1) as cosolvent have been done. It has been found that ln(ηsp/c) increases linerly whit cγ for all plots and the liner correlative （R）are all higher than 0.999, indicating that viscosity concentration relationship for these ionomer solutions is in accordance with the viscosity equation mentioned above. The value of γ increases as hexanol content decreases. Science lower hexanol content leads to higher degree of aggregation of polymer chains, it is suggested that γ was related to the aggregation of polymer chains.

Enthalpy changes of the reactions involved in our previous papers have been re-examined at the G2(MP2) and G2 levels. The G2(MP2) and G2 energies of Ar, Ar+,ArAr+, ArCl+, ArF+, ArH+, ArHe+, ArNe+, ArO+, ArS+, H2+, He, HeCl+, HeF+, HeO+,HeS+, Ne, NeCl+, NeF+, NeO+ and NeS+ have been calculated. The G2(MP2) and G2 results for all of the interested reactions have also been compared with those of the previous MP2/6-31G** and MP4/6-311G (2df, 2pd) calculations. All of the G2(MP2) and G2 reaction enthalpies are improved from the MP2 and MP4 level of calculations when compared with the experimental data for the four cate ries of reactions as (1) iso-electronic, iso-gyric; (2) valence isoelectronic, isogyric; (3) and (4)non-isogyric reactions with the average absolute deviations of 5.10, 4.60, 7.70 and 9.20 for G2(MP2) and 4.18, 5.19, 6.78 and 6.49kJ•mol-1 for G2, respectively. The individual deviation for almost all of the reactions involved in this work is not more than ±13 kJ•mol-1 for G2(MP2) and ±8.4 kJ•mol-1 for G2. In this paper, an additional number of reactions examined at the G2(MP2) and G2 levels as well as at the MP2/6-31G** and MP4/6-311G(2df, 2pd) levels of calculations have also been reported. The MP2, MP4, G2(MP2) and G2 total energies for the interested chemical species have been calculated if these energies have not been reported in literatures. All of the reaction energies at different levels have been compared with the experimental data in a number of reactions devided into the above four cate ries. The average absolute deviations are 25.9, 36.0, 29.2 and 40.1 for MP2; 8.41, 18.3, 17.2 and 18.3 for MP4; 9.41, 5.98, 4.85 and 6.90 for G2(MP2) and 6.69, 4.06, 3.85 and 4.60 kJ•mol-1 for G2, respectively. It is clear that the MP2 calculation did quite poor for all of the four cate ries of reactions and the MP4 did well only for the isoelectronic and isogyric reactions. The G2(MP2) and G2 reproduce the experimental reaction enthalpy changes very well for all reactions in the four cate ries. The individual deviation for almost all of the reactions involved in this work is not more than ±13 kJ•mol-1 for G2(MP2) and ±8.4 kJ•mol-1 for G2 while it may be more than ±84 kJ•mol-1 for MP2/6-31G**.

The AM1 method has been used to study the thermolysis of chroman. The results obtained by the UHF calculations show that this thermolysis proceeds to products through two routes involving two steps, and the activation energies of the rate-determining steps of the route (Ⅰ) as well as route (Ⅱ) are 165.402 and 198.355 kJ•mol-1, respectively.

V-ZSM-5 zeolites with various Si/V ratios have been synthesized, and the state of vanadium in zeolites was studied by XPS, ESR, TPR and DRS techniques. The results indicate that each of them has two forms-the nonframework vanadium highly dispersed in the zeolite (consisting of vanadiums on outer surface and in pore) and the framework vanadium in zeolite.

BrC2F4Br+C2F4 reaction induced by different light source (KrF laser, Xe-lamp, low pressure Hg-lamp) has been investigated. Experiments show that the reaction product distribution depends not only on reaction composition, but on light intensity and light source as well. A reaction mechanism has been suggested and the rate constant of the addition reaction has been calculated by kinetic analysis, for BrC2F4+C2F4→BrC4F8 kadd=(2±1)×107cm3•mol-1•s-1 (room temp.); Br(C2F4)n≧2+C2F4 addition reaction, kadd=(1.2±0．4）×107Cm3•mol-1•s-1．

The catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO, reduction and desorptionrenewal properties of oxygen species on Pt/Al2O3 catalyst system doped with ZrO2 were studied by TPR, TPD-MS and flowing reaction methods. It was shown that ZrO2 could promote the desorption-renewal of oxygen species on catalysts and thus increase the oxidation activity of CO and H2-O2 reaction on such catalysts. These results were interpreted by the model of catalyst group structure correspondence.

In this paper, the stability of liquid surfactant membrane have been studied by using single-drop method, the discussion have been focused on the affections of carrier on the stability. The interactions among the carrier, surfactant and medium have also been discussed. According to the results of the membrane strength, condition of the stability of the liquid membrane has beed found.

Photoinduced electron transfer of metal-phthalocyanine MPc (M=Zn, Mg, Fe, Co, Cu) dispersions in the presence of electron acceptors such as paraquat (4,4’-[-1,4-phenylene-]-Bis-[-N-alkyl(oraryl)-2,6-(diphenyl-]-pyridinium perchlorates, i.e. PQ2+) has been studied by means of ESR spectroscopy. The results show that, when irradiated with visible light, electron in valence band (VB) of photoconductor can be excited to conduction band (CB) to form an electron-hole pair and the electron may transfer from CB to PQ2+ to produce a radical cation PQ, then a weak ESR signal was observed. As in the presence of cationic surfactant Chloro-Tetradecyl-Pridium, as well as of hole-quencher TEA or EDTA, the strength of ESR signal can be enhanced by 5~6 times as much or more. While in the presence of oxygen in the system, the signal of PQ+ radical disappeared and superoxide radical anion O2- was detected. It is obvious that the existence of oxygen might seriously hinder the process of photoinduced electron transfer.

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a single-chain protein containing 247 amino acid residues, it belongs to the plant ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). The isoelectric point is about 9.4 and the mole mass is about 2.7×104 g•mol-1. It is an effective plant protein of a popular chinese herb medicine and a kind of cytotoxin. Recently, it has been reported that it can be used to inhibit trophoblastic tumors and may also be useful in the treatment of AIDS disease, and therefore has attracted moe attention to the RIP and its applications. However, the problem encoutered is its low stability in blood and tissue fluids. It has become essential to understand the behaviour of TCS in solution.

 In the present study phenol has been used to show the pre-adsorption effects of NH3 or CO2 on the acid-base property of ZrO2 by TPD and IR measurements. It is shown that the pre-adsorption of either NH3 or CO2 results in a large increasement of phenol adsorption, almost twice that of phenol single adsorption, on the surface. However, the pre-adsorptions hardly change the adsorption state and the adsorption behavior of phenol. On the other hand the main part of the more strongly adsorbed NH3 or CO2 is easily replaced by the post-adsorption of phenol. These observations suggest a high polarizability of the ZrO2 surface, and can be discussed in terms of the surface induced through-bond acid-base interaction. It is proposed that there exists some “latent acid and base sites” which are activable with the adsorption of NH3 and CO2. These sites when being activated can participate in the formation of phenol-adsorbing acid-base pair sites.

Six substituented phenylhydrazines and their complexes with crown ethers (DB-18-crown-6, DB-24-crown-8) were synthesized. Their photolytic process have been studied in the existence of nitrosodurene (ND) by ESR. All of the experimental results indicate that the C-N bond energy decreased when the different substituted phenylhydrazine was complexed by crown ether.

The reaction barriers of (He+C60(He＠60)) have been calculated by the quantum-chemical method EHMO/ASED in the following four paths: (1) penetrate through the penta n on the C60 cage; (2) penetrate through the hexa n on the C60 cage,(3) penetrate through the short bond; (4) penetrate through the long bond. Corresponding to each path, there are two choices: (a) while He penetrate C60 cage, the distances of the C’s which are the most adjacent to He are changed with a planar extension and a concerned window is formed; (b) while He penetrate C60 cage, the distances of the C’s which are the most adjacent to He are changed with a spherical extension and a concerned window is formed. The results are given in Figs. 1-2 and Tables 1-2. It is shown that the reaction through path(4) with choice (a) has the least reaction barrier, being optimum. At that case, a window of 9-membered ring is formed. Because the window extension of C6H6 is more free than that of C60, the barrier of He penetrating through C6H6 will be lower than that of He penetrating through C60.

The electrodeposition mechanism of Ni-Mo alloys from ammoniacal citrate solution was investigated by means of steady-state polarization curves, impedance measurement and XPS analysis. XPS analysis showed the existence of tetravalent molybdenum corresponding to MoO2 on the surface of some deposits. Probably, as an intermediate product, MoO2 was reduced by atomic hydrogen adsorpted on nickel. Electrochemical investigation indicated that [Nicit(NH3)2]-ion is the electro-active species of nickel, though nickel ion exist mainly as [Nicit(NH3)2]- in ammoniacal citrate solution.

Second-order polarizabilities of BMC and MMONS were determined by solvatochromic method. The second-order polarizabilities of BMC and MMONS were also calculated by quantum chemical semiempirical CNDO/S-CI method and perturbation theory and second-order nonlinear optical data respectively. Calculated values are in od agreement with experimental results. The effect of molecular and crystal structure on second-order polarizabilities has also been discussed.

The molecular and crystal structure of dichloro (5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphinato) phosphorus (Ⅴ) chloride dichloromethane solvate has been determined by X-ray difraction analysis. The crystallographic data are listed as follows. Monoclinic system, Space group P21/n, α=10.701(2)Å, b=24.843(3) Å, c=14.785(1) Å ,β=94.251(9)°, V=3919.5(8) Å3 Z=4, Dcalc=1.415g•cm-3.

The ZnO-Ag core-shell nanoparticle in ethanol was prepared by photoreduction and colloidal methods. The experimental results obtained from the absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and electron microscopy revealed that the structure of the hybrid particle is ZnO core covered with Ag. The thickness of silver layer formed on ZnO core can be controlled by the concentration of Ag+ and the time of UV irradiation. In addition, the electrical properties of the charge double layer of the ZnO particle greatly affect the formation of ZnO-Ag hybrid particle.

Solubilities (S) of KBPh4 in water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, 318.15, 328.15K have been determined by the spectrophotometry. These data can be expressed by 1gS=-(1.4184-0.8725lgn)/(1-132.45T-1), where n are the atomic number of carbon for the straight chains monohydric alcohols; T is the temperature. The standard transfer free energies (△tG) of KBPh4 from water to straight chains monohydric alcohols in the temperature ranges of 288.15-328.15K have been calculated. The results can be expressed as △tG=-18.029+5.766×10-5T2+(6.817×10-2-5.302×10-10T3)-1lgn.

Electron transfer (ET) is an important elementary step of chemical reaction. Phosphorus is the center of energy expression in biological system. As a result, the research on the ET of phosphoryl and nonphosphoryl peptides is very important for us to understand the role of phosphorus in life and reveal the secrets of life. In this paper, the ET in some phosphoryl and nonphosphoryl peptides  are studied by ESR. It is observed that the electron transfers along the backbone of the peptide and that phosphoryl group takes part in the elementary process in the phosphoryl peptide first.

The crystallization of L-sodium glutamine from its aqueous solution is studied experimentally. It is found that under certain conditions, the crystallization may exhibit periodical patterns. The effects of the temperature of crystallization, the concentration of solution (the amount of solute) and the opening of the container on the crystallization patterns are studied in some detail.