The diffuse reflectance spectra of nanocrystalline Er2O3 were measured in theUV-vis region. It was found that the f →f transition bands become stronger with the decrease of the size of particles. The tail-band in the range of 300 ~ 550nm was assigned to the O2p→Er4f transition. Both behavior of light-induced charge transfer and photovoltaic properties of nanocrystalline Er2O3 were investigated with surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). The SPS shows that two peaks appear at 340nm (p1) and 385nm (p2).The observed spectral features can be explained in terms of charge transfer and interband transition.

Conventional and low-frequency Raman spectra of series of anatase TiO2 gels,which were prepared by sol-gel method in different conditions, were measured. Xerogel and aerogel TiO2 were prepared by natural dry and supercritical dry respectively. Conventional Raman Spectra show that the width of peaks of TiO2 was almost broaden linearly with its particle size decreased down to several nm and a few new peaks were observed. The phenomena can be explained as the effect of particle size and occurrence of new surface structure. It can be used as a method of determination of small particle size. Low-frequency Raman scattering shows that from the intensity of spectra, the fractal dimension of nanocrystal xerogals and aerogels can be obtained by comparing with the base intensity. Low frequency Raman peaks give the information of particle size, acoustic velocity and polydispersibility about gel samples. More detailed works were under ing in our laboratory.

Catalysts, CeO2/SiO2, were prepared by the impregnated method. The activity of the catalysts at calcination temperature of the catalysts in the range 300-500 ℃ was constant and decreased at 600℃. The catalystic activity in the range of ratio of CeO2 to SiO2, 1/5-1/32, increased linearly. The reaction order with respect to t-2-butene or c-2-butene was first proximate1y at low partial pressures of t-2-butene or c-2-butene.At higher partial pressures of t-2-butene or c-2-butene the kinetics of isomerization of 1-butene. The kinetic parameters were estimated by methods of ortho nal design. The estimated values of adsorption of 1-butene, t-2-butene and c-2-butene are coincided with the experimental values by the pulse method.

The adsorptions of perfluorooctanoic acid, sodium pemuorooctanoate and sodium dodecylsulfate by hydrophobic silica gel have been investigated. The effects of temperature and ionic strength have also been investigated. Adsorption isotherms of S-type or LS-type have been obtained for all of the systems involved. The limiting adsorption of the two FC-surfactants are more than that for the HC-surfactant investigated. Among the FC-surfactants the acid shows stronger adsorbability than the sodium salt. The additions of electrolytes not only made the adsorptions larger, but sometimes even changed in type of the adsorption isotherm. Besides, the adsorptions always down as temperature es up. All of these experimental results can be explained well by the application of the two steps adsorption model and the general isotherm equation for adsorption of surfactant at solid-liquid interface.

Effects of adding super fine powder ZrO2 on the structure of the support, surface oxygen property and oxidizative activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated by XRD, DTA, TPD-MS and flowing reaction method. It was shown that ZrO2 would prevent the phase transformation (α-Al2O3) of Al2O3 effectively, and promote the ability of storing oxygen and activity of surface adsorption oxygen of the catalyst. Thus, it increased thermal stability, oxidative ability and adaptive ability of catalyst under a lean O2 condition.

The absorption spectra of U(Ⅴ ) species in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with a mercury lamp irradiation have been examined in the region of 500-800nm. In addition to the absorption of U(Ⅴ ) at 755nm a new absorption band at 635nm has been observed. When the solution was acidified with nitric acid both bands of U(Ⅳ)-DMF at 550 and 657nm appeared. These results indicate that the new band at 635nm as well as the 755nm band also belongs to U(Ⅴ ) species. When the irradiated solution was kept in the darkness both bands vanished and no absorption other that of U(Ⅳ) was observed, witch implies that a reversible process between U(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅴ) occurred. The relative intensities of the two bands depend on the acidity of the solution. While the acidity is lower than 9.0×10-3mol.dm-3, the absorption at 635nm increases with increasing the acidity, while that of the 755nm band decreases. When acidity reaches 9.0×10-3mol.dm-3 the absorption at 755nm band almost disappears, but that of the 635nm band still exists and U(Ⅳ) is formed. These results indicate that the absorption of U(Ⅴ) at 755nm and 635nm belong to two different U(Ⅴ) species, UO2+－DMF and UOOH2＋－DMF, respectively.

 Dissociative excitation of SO2,SOCl2 through single collision with Ar(3P0,2)have been studied by observing SO(A - X) emission in the beam apparatus. The nascent vibrational distribution of SO(A, υ＇) was determined. A Surprisal analysis of the nascent vibrational distribution of SO(A) indicated that the precursor molecules dissociation could occur predominately from superexcited states (Rydberg-states). The formation rate constants of SO(A) have been determined for Ar(3P0,2)/SO2 and Ar(3P0,2)/SOCl2 reactions, They are: 4．55×10－12cm3•molecule－1•s－1 and 2．87×10－12cm3•molecule－1•s－1, respectively. A comparison between the observed formation rate constants and known total quenching rate constants indicated that dissociative excitation processes are monitor exit channels.

The kinetics of CO desorption on Pd(111) has been studied by using isotope switch method under the gas-phase pressures of single isotope and mixed ones. The experiments show that the desorption kinetics is non-linear and is first order plus second order on the saturated surface. Based on the delocalized chemisorptions model and gas-surface exchange mechanism, the analytic expressions for the desorption kinetics are derived and a dynamic reasoning of the non-linear kinetics has been described in detail.

Supercritical fluid drying (SCFD) method has been used for rapidly synthesizing ZrO2 aerogel ultrafine powders with high surface area and pore volume. The method has od stability and reliability. An analytical method to determine the water content in the liquid phase of ZrO2 alcogel has been established in order to guarantee the quality control of ultrafine powders and the confirmation of a supercritical state. The analysis of the solvent after the SCFD process has showed that SCFD is a physical process. In this paper the drying process of water extraction has also been discussed.

The surface molecular process of dissociative adsorption of formic acid on Pt electrode has been investigated by using potential step technique and in situ time resolved FTIR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the rate of dissociative adsorption of HCOOH on Pt electrode depends on electrode potentials, yielding a volcanic relationship with the maximum located near -0.06V vs SCE. From the variation of the quantity of products of the dissociative adsorption, detected by electrochemical transient technique, with different adsorption time the initial rate (vi) of this surface reaction has been evaluated, the maximum of vi was evaluated at 9.33×10－11mol•cm－2•s－1 for a solution containing 10-3mol•L-1HCOOH and at －0．06V. The in situ time resolved FTIR spectroscopic results confirmed both the volcanic variation of vi with Ead and the kinetic properties of the dissociative adsorption of HCOOH on Pt electrode.

The behavior of zeolite-based electrorheological fluids is influenced by the type and the number of cations, the pore-opening size and other structure properties of zeolites. It has been confirmed that the crystal polarization resulted from the migration of cations under high electric field is the foundation of the electrorheological effects of zeolites Y, M and A. For these types of zeolites, higher cation content and larger pore opening size are more favorable for obtaining od electrorheological properties. Different from all the other zeolites, NaZSM－5-based electrorheological fluid displays extraordinary strong static yield stress and very small leak current at high electric field. A new mechanism for the pentasil-type zeolite crystal polarization under high electric field, i.e., the framework deformation mechanism, has been suggested.

Recent structural investigations of triple helices by NMR, vibration spectroscopy and molecular modelling suggest that their conformation in solution contain sugars with more than one type of pucker. In this paper, the conformation of triple helices dA10•2dT10 and duplex dA10•dT10 have been investigated by near infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy at excited wavelength 1064nm. In the case of triplex DNA, FT-Raman spectra obtained clearly reveal the existence of both C3’-endo/anti (A-type) and C2’-endo/ anti (B-type), moreover, a relatively intensive band at 823cm－1 suggests the existence of an intermediate conformation between C2’-endo/ anti and C3’-endo/anti sugar puckers. The analysis of the characteristic bands at around 1218cm-1 and 638cm-1 of thymine residues that are sensitive to sugar puckers gives evidences for the existence of a significant displacement from the C2’-endo conformer. In the case of duplex DNA dA10•dT10, FT-Raman spectra obtained show the existence of both A-like and B-like conformations in the solution.

Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior for copper electrode in borax buffer solutions in the absence or in the presence of chloride ions were studied by potentiodynamic scan and photocurrent action spectrum. The photoresponse for Cu electrode in the absence of chloride ions shows p-type and the photoresponse transition from p-type to n-type in the presence of chloride ions is attributed to Cu2O film doped by Cl-ions, not to the formation of CuCl.

Busing potential function has been used for the computer simulation of ZnCl2 melts. The agreement between the calculated values of inter-ionic distances and total internal energy with the experimental data are rather od.

Thermodynamic property of the title complex compounds was studide by pH method. The stability constants of binary and ternary complexes of cobalt(Ⅱ )-bipyridyl-α-amionoacids were determined at 25.0±0.1 ℃ in the presence of 0.1mol•dm-3 KNO3. The relationships between stability of complexes and strength of d-p back-donation bonding formed for cobalt(Ⅱ )-bipyridyl were discussed. The kinetic property of ternary system was studied by temperature-jump technique. The formation rate constants of ternary complexes were determined. The results show that thermodynamic stability and reaction rate related to the strength of acid and base of legends. It was found again that linear free energy relationships exist.

Bacterial growth thermograms of fungistatic action using a thermal activity monitor have been determined. The growth rate constants at different concentration drugs and the critical growth concentrations of the drug have also been calculated.

The model theory on kinetics mechanism of crosslinking copolymerization of stryene (St) with divinylbenzene (DVB) was verified by static and dynamic laser light scattering techniques. The exponential propagation rule of Rg, i.e. Rh=5.195 exp(0.872t)was observed, which agrees well with the model thory of the reaction controlled mechanism before gel point. Furthermore, from the point of view of the fractal with Df=1.597,and discussions, the reaction controlled mechanism was also confirmed. A new way based on modern technique and novel theory for studying reaction mechanism has also been suggested.

The collision-free multiphoton ionization and dissociation of jet cooling methyl nitrite (CH3ONO) were studied by using intense dye laser around 440nm. NO+ ion peak in the TOF mass spectrum was obtained under different accelerating electric field and different angle (χ) between laser polarization plane and the axis of the flight tube. NO+ peak is broadened when NO comes from the dissociation of CH3ONO and this broadening becomes more apparent under lower accelerating electric field. NO+ peak shape is also influenced by the property of laser polarization. If the accelerating electric field is low enough, there are three peaks when χ=0℃ and only one peak when χ=90℃. These phennomena can be explained by CH3ONO’s two-photon transition from S0 to S2 repulsive state. NO thus produced has a large velocity parallel to the laser polarization plane.

The enthalpies of ionization of benzoic, o-chloro-, m-chloro-, and p-chloro- benzoic acids in water-DMF mixtures were measured at 298.15K with an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor. The corresponding entropies of ionization of the above acids were calculated. The effects caused by solvent and substitutent were explained by interaction between solute and solvent.