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2018 Volume 35 Issue 3
2018, 35(3): 245-246
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.180021
Abstract:
Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials possess sheet-like structures with the thickness of nanoscale, but the lateral size is infinite. In 2004, Andre Geim and co-workers at the University of Manchester successfully exfoliated a sheet of graphene from graphite by the micromechanical cleavage technique, which marked the beginning of 2D nanomaterials. Given the ultrahigh carrier mobility, excellent mechanical property, good thermal stability, superior thermal conductivities and huge specific surface area of graphene, it causes general exploration of other graphene-like 2D nanomaterials.The 2D feature is unique to access unprecedented physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties. For example, the electron confinement in two dimensions makes them ideal candidates for the fundamental study in condensed matter physics and electronic/optoelectronic devices; the large lateral size endows them with huge surface area and high exposure of active sites. Due to their unique properties, 2D nanomaterials have promising applications in energy storage and conversion, electronic devices, catalytic reaction, sensing and biomedicine. By now, nearly 20 types of 2D nanomaterials have been studied, such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4), transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs), transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes), layered double hydroxides(LDHs), transition metal oxides(TMOs), Ⅲ to Ⅵ layered semiconductor(MX4), and perovskite-type hybrids(AMX3).In this special issue of the novel 2D nanomaterials, we selected 12 related articles in reviews, research papers and brief communications involving supercapacitor, electrochemical catalysis, sensing, battery, fluorescence, water treatment and antiflaming performance of 2D nanomaterials. We hope that readers will have a deep understanding of the current development of 2D nanomaterials, and find it beneficial to their future researches.Toward this end, I greatly appreciate the outstanding contribution of all authors, as well as the strenuous efforts from the editorial staff members.
Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials possess sheet-like structures with the thickness of nanoscale, but the lateral size is infinite. In 2004, Andre Geim and co-workers at the University of Manchester successfully exfoliated a sheet of graphene from graphite by the micromechanical cleavage technique, which marked the beginning of 2D nanomaterials. Given the ultrahigh carrier mobility, excellent mechanical property, good thermal stability, superior thermal conductivities and huge specific surface area of graphene, it causes general exploration of other graphene-like 2D nanomaterials.The 2D feature is unique to access unprecedented physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties. For example, the electron confinement in two dimensions makes them ideal candidates for the fundamental study in condensed matter physics and electronic/optoelectronic devices; the large lateral size endows them with huge surface area and high exposure of active sites. Due to their unique properties, 2D nanomaterials have promising applications in energy storage and conversion, electronic devices, catalytic reaction, sensing and biomedicine. By now, nearly 20 types of 2D nanomaterials have been studied, such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4), transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs), transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes), layered double hydroxides(LDHs), transition metal oxides(TMOs), Ⅲ to Ⅵ layered semiconductor(MX4), and perovskite-type hybrids(AMX3).In this special issue of the novel 2D nanomaterials, we selected 12 related articles in reviews, research papers and brief communications involving supercapacitor, electrochemical catalysis, sensing, battery, fluorescence, water treatment and antiflaming performance of 2D nanomaterials. We hope that readers will have a deep understanding of the current development of 2D nanomaterials, and find it beneficial to their future researches.Toward this end, I greatly appreciate the outstanding contribution of all authors, as well as the strenuous efforts from the editorial staff members.
2018, 35(3): 247-258
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170447
Abstract:
Two-dimensional nanomaterials, typically represented by graphene, have shown great application potential in various branches of electrochemistry with their unique structures and excellent electronic properties. This paper reviewed the current research development of novel two-dimensional nanomaterials in various fields of electrochemistry such as energy storage, energy conversion and electrochemical sensing. Some of the existing problems were summarized, and the development tendency of two-dimensional nanomaterials were also prospected.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials, typically represented by graphene, have shown great application potential in various branches of electrochemistry with their unique structures and excellent electronic properties. This paper reviewed the current research development of novel two-dimensional nanomaterials in various fields of electrochemistry such as energy storage, energy conversion and electrochemical sensing. Some of the existing problems were summarized, and the development tendency of two-dimensional nanomaterials were also prospected.
2018, 35(3): 259-271
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170381
Abstract:
With the development of electronics towards intelligence, portability and miniaturization, it is necessary to develop high-performance flexible energy storage devices. Due to their high power density, long cycling life, excellent safety, environmentally-friend, and easy realization of flexibility, supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention recently. Graphene-based materials, exhibiting large specific surface area, excellent electrochemical performance and superior mechanical stability, have been widely investigated as electrode materials in flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. In this review, we introduce the fabrications of graphene-based electrodes, and summarize recent progress on flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors followed by discussing perspective and current challenges of this hot field.
With the development of electronics towards intelligence, portability and miniaturization, it is necessary to develop high-performance flexible energy storage devices. Due to their high power density, long cycling life, excellent safety, environmentally-friend, and easy realization of flexibility, supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention recently. Graphene-based materials, exhibiting large specific surface area, excellent electrochemical performance and superior mechanical stability, have been widely investigated as electrode materials in flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. In this review, we introduce the fabrications of graphene-based electrodes, and summarize recent progress on flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors followed by discussing perspective and current challenges of this hot field.
2018, 35(3): 272-285
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170391
Abstract:
To solve the issues of energy shortage and environmental pollution, researchers are working to develop clean and sustainable energy sources. Among them, chemical reactions(e.g., oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction) are of importance for the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In order to improve its energy conversion efficiency, electrocatalysts(e.g., Pt/C) are commonly used to reduce the activation energy of these sluggish reactions and improve the energy conversion efficiency. In recent years, graphene, as a two-dimensional carbon material with a high specific surface area and excellent electronic conductivity, has attracted a wide range of research interests. The graphene-based catalytic materials with low price and high stability comparable to those of noble metal catalysts have been designed by means of heteroatom doping, surface defect modulation and introduction of catalytic active components(e.g., non-noble metal oxides). This review summarizes the latest research progress of graphene-based electrocatalysts with multifunctional applications by rationally controlling on the surface/interface structures and properties, with a special focus on their promising applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrochemical water splitting. Furthermore, challenges and future development of graphene-based electrocatalysts are also discussed.
To solve the issues of energy shortage and environmental pollution, researchers are working to develop clean and sustainable energy sources. Among them, chemical reactions(e.g., oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction) are of importance for the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In order to improve its energy conversion efficiency, electrocatalysts(e.g., Pt/C) are commonly used to reduce the activation energy of these sluggish reactions and improve the energy conversion efficiency. In recent years, graphene, as a two-dimensional carbon material with a high specific surface area and excellent electronic conductivity, has attracted a wide range of research interests. The graphene-based catalytic materials with low price and high stability comparable to those of noble metal catalysts have been designed by means of heteroatom doping, surface defect modulation and introduction of catalytic active components(e.g., non-noble metal oxides). This review summarizes the latest research progress of graphene-based electrocatalysts with multifunctional applications by rationally controlling on the surface/interface structures and properties, with a special focus on their promising applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrochemical water splitting. Furthermore, challenges and future development of graphene-based electrocatalysts are also discussed.
2018, 35(3): 286-298
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170399
Abstract:
Due to the high sensitivity, fast response, less sample usage, and simple operation, microelectrodes have attracted increasing attention in the fields of chemical analysis, biomedicine, food safety and environmental monitor recently. Given its high specific surface area, excellent electron mobility and good biocompatibility, graphene has shown a huge development potential in the field of electrochemical sensing. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparations and applications of graphene-based microelectrodes(including graphene modified microelectrode and graphene microelectrode) in sensing, such as the detection of heavy metal ions, dopamine, glucose, H2O2 and other molecules. Simultaneously, the major problems and opportunities of these graphene-based microelectrodes in sensing for future development are also discussed.
Due to the high sensitivity, fast response, less sample usage, and simple operation, microelectrodes have attracted increasing attention in the fields of chemical analysis, biomedicine, food safety and environmental monitor recently. Given its high specific surface area, excellent electron mobility and good biocompatibility, graphene has shown a huge development potential in the field of electrochemical sensing. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparations and applications of graphene-based microelectrodes(including graphene modified microelectrode and graphene microelectrode) in sensing, such as the detection of heavy metal ions, dopamine, glucose, H2O2 and other molecules. Simultaneously, the major problems and opportunities of these graphene-based microelectrodes in sensing for future development are also discussed.
2018, 35(3): 299-306
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170413
Abstract:
Water saving and protection are very important for the sustainable use of water resources. Graphene, a two-dimensional monolayer sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms, has been widely used in water treatment in recent years due to its extraordinary electrical, mechanical, thermal properties, large specific surface area, and relatively low manufacturing cost. This paper summarized the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of graphene membrane in water treatment, and discussed the main problems and developmental trend.
Water saving and protection are very important for the sustainable use of water resources. Graphene, a two-dimensional monolayer sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms, has been widely used in water treatment in recent years due to its extraordinary electrical, mechanical, thermal properties, large specific surface area, and relatively low manufacturing cost. This paper summarized the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of graphene membrane in water treatment, and discussed the main problems and developmental trend.
2018, 35(3): 307-316
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170469
Abstract:
In this paper, starting from the flame retardant composite materials of different polymer substrates, the application and mechanism of graphene in different kinds of polymer flame retardant materials are introduced in detail including graphene/polyethylene, graphene/polypropylene, graphene/polystyrene, graphene/epoxy resin, graphene/polyurethane, graphene/polyvinyl alcohol and graphene/other polymer composite flame retardant materials. The effect of graphene-based materials is also introduced in detail. This review provides a good theoretical support for the development of novel graphene-based/polymer composite flame retardant materials.
In this paper, starting from the flame retardant composite materials of different polymer substrates, the application and mechanism of graphene in different kinds of polymer flame retardant materials are introduced in detail including graphene/polyethylene, graphene/polypropylene, graphene/polystyrene, graphene/epoxy resin, graphene/polyurethane, graphene/polyvinyl alcohol and graphene/other polymer composite flame retardant materials. The effect of graphene-based materials is also introduced in detail. This review provides a good theoretical support for the development of novel graphene-based/polymer composite flame retardant materials.
2018, 35(3): 328-341
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170453
Abstract:
The coordination complexes based on MX4(M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, et al, X=N, S, Se, et al.) structure have attracted a lot of attentions due to their novel structure and good electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). This review shows the recent research progresses of their catalytic properties for HER. The HER activities of MX4 catalysts are affected by many factors, such as the metal center, coordination atoms, the ligand, the morphology and size of catalysts. Theoretical calculations are very helpful for understanding their influences on the activities of the catalysts and can further help us design more catalysts with higher activities.
The coordination complexes based on MX4(M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, et al, X=N, S, Se, et al.) structure have attracted a lot of attentions due to their novel structure and good electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). This review shows the recent research progresses of their catalytic properties for HER. The HER activities of MX4 catalysts are affected by many factors, such as the metal center, coordination atoms, the ligand, the morphology and size of catalysts. Theoretical calculations are very helpful for understanding their influences on the activities of the catalysts and can further help us design more catalysts with higher activities.
2018, 35(3): 342-350
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.180002
Abstract:
Halide perovskites have received great attentions due to their interesting optical properties and potential optoelectronic applications. Due to the intrinsic layered structure, halide perovskite based two-dimensional nanomaterials can be controlled by adjusting the thickness in the nanoscale dimension. In this review, we present the progress of halide perovskite based two-dimensional nanomaterials with a focus on synthesis, optical properties and electroluminescence devices. Moreover, we also discuss the potential challenges and task in the future.
Halide perovskites have received great attentions due to their interesting optical properties and potential optoelectronic applications. Due to the intrinsic layered structure, halide perovskite based two-dimensional nanomaterials can be controlled by adjusting the thickness in the nanoscale dimension. In this review, we present the progress of halide perovskite based two-dimensional nanomaterials with a focus on synthesis, optical properties and electroluminescence devices. Moreover, we also discuss the potential challenges and task in the future.
2018, 35(3): 317-327
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170379
Abstract:
This article reviews recent advances on the synthesis of novel two-dimensional(2D) transitional metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes), and their applications for electrochemical energy storage and conversions. These applications could be divided into three main categories:rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and electro-catalysis. In these applied aspects, 2D MXenes exhibit promising capabilities due to the unique 2D structure, metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces and other merits. Their electrochemical properties could be enhanced further by strategies of intercalating, compositing, doping, assembling and so on. This provides an avenue to exploit, synthesize and apply novel type of MXenes and MXene-based materials for broad fields, such as electrochemical energy storage and conversions, electronics, and catalysts.
This article reviews recent advances on the synthesis of novel two-dimensional(2D) transitional metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes), and their applications for electrochemical energy storage and conversions. These applications could be divided into three main categories:rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and electro-catalysis. In these applied aspects, 2D MXenes exhibit promising capabilities due to the unique 2D structure, metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces and other merits. Their electrochemical properties could be enhanced further by strategies of intercalating, compositing, doping, assembling and so on. This provides an avenue to exploit, synthesize and apply novel type of MXenes and MXene-based materials for broad fields, such as electrochemical energy storage and conversions, electronics, and catalysts.
2018, 35(3): 351-355
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170437
Abstract:
Using nickel particles formed in a high-temperature treatment of nickel chloride as a template, sucrose and ethanol as carbon sources, the bubble foam-like porous graphene films were prepared. Using the obtained porous graphene films as the substrate, a MoS2/graphene 2D bubble foam-like hybrid was prepared through an impregnation-anneal method. The morphology, composition and structure of the material were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Electrochemical tests indicate that the obtained bubble foam-like MoS2/graphene 2D hybrid has excellent supercapacitor performances with a specific capacitance of 203.5 F/g, an areal capacitance of 280 mF/cm2 as well as a high capacitance retention of ~80% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles.
Using nickel particles formed in a high-temperature treatment of nickel chloride as a template, sucrose and ethanol as carbon sources, the bubble foam-like porous graphene films were prepared. Using the obtained porous graphene films as the substrate, a MoS2/graphene 2D bubble foam-like hybrid was prepared through an impregnation-anneal method. The morphology, composition and structure of the material were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Electrochemical tests indicate that the obtained bubble foam-like MoS2/graphene 2D hybrid has excellent supercapacitor performances with a specific capacitance of 203.5 F/g, an areal capacitance of 280 mF/cm2 as well as a high capacitance retention of ~80% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles.
2018, 35(3): 356-365
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170443
Abstract:
Iron-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries has attracted wide attentions due to its high capacity, rich resource, environmentally friendly property, etc. However, its low-conductance(comparing to carbon-based anode materials) and high-volume change during charge/discharge cycles results in a poor rate performance and serious capacity fade after long-term cycles. In this paper, flower-like iron-based anode materials(Fe2O3) were synthesized by sintering the iron alkoxides precursor with the same nano-structure under the atmosphere of air. The as-obtained anode materials possess high reactivity from nanosheets of iron alkoxides, which can lower the sintering temperature and allow the product to keep the morphology of its precursor. The sample obtained by heating iron alkoxides precursor under 300℃ shows an initial specific discharge capacity of 1360 mA·h/g at a current density of 200 mA/g. Moreover, the specific capacity of the sample is 515.6 mA·h/g after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 200 mA/g, while the samples obtained after calcining the precursor under 450 and 800℃ present a capacity of 247.6 and 206.7 mA·h/g, respectively, after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The as-obtained Fe2O3 with micro/nano-structure not only improves high reactivity due to the high special surfaces, but also inhibits its pulverization during charge/discharge process. Therefore, the as-obtained materials with hollow micro/nano-structure show both high discharge capacity and good cycle performances, which affords us another method to solve the problem of the capacity fade of Fe2O3 as anode material for lithium ion battery.
Iron-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries has attracted wide attentions due to its high capacity, rich resource, environmentally friendly property, etc. However, its low-conductance(comparing to carbon-based anode materials) and high-volume change during charge/discharge cycles results in a poor rate performance and serious capacity fade after long-term cycles. In this paper, flower-like iron-based anode materials(Fe2O3) were synthesized by sintering the iron alkoxides precursor with the same nano-structure under the atmosphere of air. The as-obtained anode materials possess high reactivity from nanosheets of iron alkoxides, which can lower the sintering temperature and allow the product to keep the morphology of its precursor. The sample obtained by heating iron alkoxides precursor under 300℃ shows an initial specific discharge capacity of 1360 mA·h/g at a current density of 200 mA/g. Moreover, the specific capacity of the sample is 515.6 mA·h/g after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 200 mA/g, while the samples obtained after calcining the precursor under 450 and 800℃ present a capacity of 247.6 and 206.7 mA·h/g, respectively, after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The as-obtained Fe2O3 with micro/nano-structure not only improves high reactivity due to the high special surfaces, but also inhibits its pulverization during charge/discharge process. Therefore, the as-obtained materials with hollow micro/nano-structure show both high discharge capacity and good cycle performances, which affords us another method to solve the problem of the capacity fade of Fe2O3 as anode material for lithium ion battery.
2018, 35(3): 366-368
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170425
Abstract:
Two-dimensional layered Ca2N was synthesized via a pyrolysis method with Ca3N2 precursor. The component, structure and morphology of Ca2N were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. As a novel anode material of sodium ion batteries, the initial discharge capacity is up to 584 mA·h/g and the reversible capacity is about 180 mA·h/g at a current density of 50 mA/g. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA/g, a capacity of 70 mA·h/g can be retained.
Two-dimensional layered Ca2N was synthesized via a pyrolysis method with Ca3N2 precursor. The component, structure and morphology of Ca2N were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. As a novel anode material of sodium ion batteries, the initial discharge capacity is up to 584 mA·h/g and the reversible capacity is about 180 mA·h/g at a current density of 50 mA/g. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA/g, a capacity of 70 mA·h/g can be retained.
