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2017 Volume 34 Issue 4
2017, 34(4): 367-378
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160351
Abstract:
Membrane scaling is regarded as one of the key-problems for nanofiltration (NF) membrane separating performance during salt solution softening process. Most of the studies on NF membrane inorganic fouling were performed to comprehensively investigate the running conditions (such as NF permeate recovery and recycling ratio) on the scaling potential prediction and apply different techniques to characterize the NF membrane scaling morphology. However, only a few information was reported systematically about the mechanisms and processes of NF membrane surface dynamic scaling. The fundamental mechanisms and processes referred to sparing soluble precipitations and scaling are not cleared clarified. This paper focuses on the research progress for the mainly NF membrane scaling mechanisms (including crystallization and particulate fouling, bulk crystallization and surface crystallization), which play critical roles during scale formation on NF membrane surface. Besides, it is introduced in detail for the resistance (including membrane resistance, concentration polarization resistance, cake resistance and pore-block resistance) models used to quantify NF membrane inorganic fouling. In addition, the scaling processes including concentration polarization stage, nucleation stage, crystallization and deposition stage, respectively, on the NF membrane surface are introduced briefly. Finally, the further development as well as challenges on dynamic scaling mechanism on NF membrane surface for saline water softening are suggested.
Membrane scaling is regarded as one of the key-problems for nanofiltration (NF) membrane separating performance during salt solution softening process. Most of the studies on NF membrane inorganic fouling were performed to comprehensively investigate the running conditions (such as NF permeate recovery and recycling ratio) on the scaling potential prediction and apply different techniques to characterize the NF membrane scaling morphology. However, only a few information was reported systematically about the mechanisms and processes of NF membrane surface dynamic scaling. The fundamental mechanisms and processes referred to sparing soluble precipitations and scaling are not cleared clarified. This paper focuses on the research progress for the mainly NF membrane scaling mechanisms (including crystallization and particulate fouling, bulk crystallization and surface crystallization), which play critical roles during scale formation on NF membrane surface. Besides, it is introduced in detail for the resistance (including membrane resistance, concentration polarization resistance, cake resistance and pore-block resistance) models used to quantify NF membrane inorganic fouling. In addition, the scaling processes including concentration polarization stage, nucleation stage, crystallization and deposition stage, respectively, on the NF membrane surface are introduced briefly. Finally, the further development as well as challenges on dynamic scaling mechanism on NF membrane surface for saline water softening are suggested.
2017, 34(4): 379-384
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160302
Abstract:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) due to its good biocompatibility, monodisperse, multivalent, low cost and other advantages, has been used as the basic building blocks used in optoelectronic devices, tissue engineering, vaccine vector, inorganic material preparation fields. However, compared to the rod like TMV, spherical TMV nanoparticles with no nucleic acid molecules are more resistant to environmental impact and have a larger specific surface area. The genetic and chemical modification of TMV, such as cysteine mutants of TMV (TMV TMV-Cys), lysine mutant of TMV (TMV-EPMK) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified TMV (TMV-β-CD) were conducted by thermal denaturation, and we studied their formation process and functionality. The results shows that the modified TMV can transit into the uniform spherical nanoparticles, and the functional groups exposed to the surface of the nanoparticles still keep their reactive ability.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) due to its good biocompatibility, monodisperse, multivalent, low cost and other advantages, has been used as the basic building blocks used in optoelectronic devices, tissue engineering, vaccine vector, inorganic material preparation fields. However, compared to the rod like TMV, spherical TMV nanoparticles with no nucleic acid molecules are more resistant to environmental impact and have a larger specific surface area. The genetic and chemical modification of TMV, such as cysteine mutants of TMV (TMV TMV-Cys), lysine mutant of TMV (TMV-EPMK) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified TMV (TMV-β-CD) were conducted by thermal denaturation, and we studied their formation process and functionality. The results shows that the modified TMV can transit into the uniform spherical nanoparticles, and the functional groups exposed to the surface of the nanoparticles still keep their reactive ability.
2017, 34(4): 385-393
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160246
Abstract:
Eighteen novel molecules (4a~4i and 5a~5i) containing 1, 2, 4-triazole[3, 4-b]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol and 1, 3, 5-triazine connected by benzoamino bridge were synthesized. The structures of target molecules were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nucleic magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Compounds 1A(2, 6-dimorpholino-4-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazin) and 1B(2, 6-dipyrrolidin-4-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazin) were synthesized by the reaction of cyanuric chloride with morpholine or tetrahydropyrrole respectively. The important intermediates 2A and 2B were then afforded by the reaction 1A and 1B with p-aminobenzoic acid respectively. Compounds 3a~3h were obtained by the condensation reaction of eight kinds of aliphatic acids with thiocarbohydrazide using melting method. The target molecules were finally afforded by the reaction of 2A and 2B with 3a~3h respectively under the catalysis of phosphorus oxychloride and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide. In order to compare the effect of 3-aliphatic and 3-benzyl on the bioactivity, 4i and 5i were synthesized according to the same method. The inhibitory activities against cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) of the target molecules were evaluated. The results show that all of the target molecules have good inhibition against Cdc25B, the values of half inhibition concentration (IC50) are 2.40~0.31 mg/L, the values of IC50 of the target molecules 4a~4f and 5a~5i are lower than contrast reference trisodium vanadate ((1.25±0.14) mg/L), they are expected to be the potential inhibitors against Cdc25B; In the test of PTP1B, fourteen target molecules have good inhibitory activity, the values of IC50 are 0.98~0.37 mg/L, which are lower than that of contrast reference oleanolic acid ((1.19±0.27) mg/L), and they are expected to be the potential inhibitors against PTP1B.
Eighteen novel molecules (4a~4i and 5a~5i) containing 1, 2, 4-triazole[3, 4-b]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol and 1, 3, 5-triazine connected by benzoamino bridge were synthesized. The structures of target molecules were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nucleic magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Compounds 1A(2, 6-dimorpholino-4-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazin) and 1B(2, 6-dipyrrolidin-4-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazin) were synthesized by the reaction of cyanuric chloride with morpholine or tetrahydropyrrole respectively. The important intermediates 2A and 2B were then afforded by the reaction 1A and 1B with p-aminobenzoic acid respectively. Compounds 3a~3h were obtained by the condensation reaction of eight kinds of aliphatic acids with thiocarbohydrazide using melting method. The target molecules were finally afforded by the reaction of 2A and 2B with 3a~3h respectively under the catalysis of phosphorus oxychloride and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide. In order to compare the effect of 3-aliphatic and 3-benzyl on the bioactivity, 4i and 5i were synthesized according to the same method. The inhibitory activities against cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) of the target molecules were evaluated. The results show that all of the target molecules have good inhibition against Cdc25B, the values of half inhibition concentration (IC50) are 2.40~0.31 mg/L, the values of IC50 of the target molecules 4a~4f and 5a~5i are lower than contrast reference trisodium vanadate ((1.25±0.14) mg/L), they are expected to be the potential inhibitors against Cdc25B; In the test of PTP1B, fourteen target molecules have good inhibitory activity, the values of IC50 are 0.98~0.37 mg/L, which are lower than that of contrast reference oleanolic acid ((1.19±0.27) mg/L), and they are expected to be the potential inhibitors against PTP1B.
2017, 34(4): 394-401
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160261
Abstract:
Acidic polymeric ionic liquid was synthesized with polyethylene glycol as the main chain and imidazole-based ionic liquid as crosslinking agent through the free radical polymerization to reduce the loss rate of catalyst. The thermoregulated biphasic system comprised of ionic liquid and toluene was used for the condensation reaction of aniline and benzaldehyde. The catalytic results show that the catalyst has advantages of high catalytic activity, small loss and easy recycling. The yield of N-benzalaniline is 93.4%, and the average loss rate of ionic liquid is about 2.5%. Further tests show that the system has good universality for the various substrates, and the yield of the products is 57.2%~82.9%.
Acidic polymeric ionic liquid was synthesized with polyethylene glycol as the main chain and imidazole-based ionic liquid as crosslinking agent through the free radical polymerization to reduce the loss rate of catalyst. The thermoregulated biphasic system comprised of ionic liquid and toluene was used for the condensation reaction of aniline and benzaldehyde. The catalytic results show that the catalyst has advantages of high catalytic activity, small loss and easy recycling. The yield of N-benzalaniline is 93.4%, and the average loss rate of ionic liquid is about 2.5%. Further tests show that the system has good universality for the various substrates, and the yield of the products is 57.2%~82.9%.
2017, 34(4): 402-407
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160291
Abstract:
Organic photochromic materials have bottleneck problems including low photon yield, poor fatigue resistance and destruction of recorded information after read-out in practical application. In this paper the pyridyl dithienylethene axially coordinated to Mn (Ⅱ)-porphyrin was synthesized by 1-(5-chloro-2-methylthien-3-yl)-2-[5-pyridyl-2-methylthien-3-yl]cyclopentene via halogenation, Friedel-Crafts acylation, McMurry coupling, Suzuki coupling by using 2-methyl-thiophene as the starting material coordinating with Mn (Ⅱ)-porphyrin. Photochromic properties and fatigue resistance of the target compound were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum, and the function of nondestructive readout was also researched by fluorescence spectrum. The experimental results indicate that the target compound possesses good photochromic properties and fatigue resistance, and the "write-read-erase" process can be achieved by using the light of 254 nm, 490 nm, and 550 nm, respectively, without concomitant loss of data which is expected to be used in binary storage devices.
Organic photochromic materials have bottleneck problems including low photon yield, poor fatigue resistance and destruction of recorded information after read-out in practical application. In this paper the pyridyl dithienylethene axially coordinated to Mn (Ⅱ)-porphyrin was synthesized by 1-(5-chloro-2-methylthien-3-yl)-2-[5-pyridyl-2-methylthien-3-yl]cyclopentene via halogenation, Friedel-Crafts acylation, McMurry coupling, Suzuki coupling by using 2-methyl-thiophene as the starting material coordinating with Mn (Ⅱ)-porphyrin. Photochromic properties and fatigue resistance of the target compound were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum, and the function of nondestructive readout was also researched by fluorescence spectrum. The experimental results indicate that the target compound possesses good photochromic properties and fatigue resistance, and the "write-read-erase" process can be achieved by using the light of 254 nm, 490 nm, and 550 nm, respectively, without concomitant loss of data which is expected to be used in binary storage devices.
2017, 34(4): 408-413
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160287
Abstract:
Ion exchange resin, as a new green catalyst, can replace traditional catalysts used in series of organic reaction. In this paper, methyl ethyl ketone peroxides (MEKP) were synthesized by oxidation of methyl ethyl ketone using 30% hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, dibutyl phthalate as diluent and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst. Under the conditions that the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to methyl ethyl ketone is of 1.0, mass ratio of Amberlyst-15 to methyl ethyl ketone is of 0.06, the reaction temperature at 27℃ and reaction time for 55 min, the yield of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide can reach 86%, and activated oxygen content is 12.9%. Amberlyst-15 still keep good stability after recycling for 8 times. This study shows that Amberlyst-15 has the advantages of high catalytic activity, good repeated utilization, cleaning and low corrosivity. The method developed can be a new way for the production of MEKP.
Ion exchange resin, as a new green catalyst, can replace traditional catalysts used in series of organic reaction. In this paper, methyl ethyl ketone peroxides (MEKP) were synthesized by oxidation of methyl ethyl ketone using 30% hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, dibutyl phthalate as diluent and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst. Under the conditions that the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to methyl ethyl ketone is of 1.0, mass ratio of Amberlyst-15 to methyl ethyl ketone is of 0.06, the reaction temperature at 27℃ and reaction time for 55 min, the yield of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide can reach 86%, and activated oxygen content is 12.9%. Amberlyst-15 still keep good stability after recycling for 8 times. This study shows that Amberlyst-15 has the advantages of high catalytic activity, good repeated utilization, cleaning and low corrosivity. The method developed can be a new way for the production of MEKP.
2017, 34(4): 414-422
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160295
Abstract:
ZrOCl2, NiCl2 and NaH2PO4 were used as raw materials to prepare nickel zirconium phosphate (NiZr (PO4)2·4H2O, NiZrPs) by a microwave-assisted method at lower temperature and atmospheric pressure. The influence of three different kinds of surfactants on the phase, particle size and morphology of NiZrPs was studied. The results show that the addition of surfactant can reduce the particle size. Compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30(PVP-K30) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) can restrain the growth of particles more efficiently, resulting in a smaller average particle size. Moreover, the visible-light photocatalytic property of NiZrPs was studied based on methylene blue (MB) as a simulated wastewater. As a result, the visible-light apparent dye decolorization efficiency of NiZrP prepared with PVP-K30 is 49.0% which is much higher than that of the other two products. This work developed a new method for the preparation and application of new type zirconium phosphate complex salt.
ZrOCl2, NiCl2 and NaH2PO4 were used as raw materials to prepare nickel zirconium phosphate (NiZr (PO4)2·4H2O, NiZrPs) by a microwave-assisted method at lower temperature and atmospheric pressure. The influence of three different kinds of surfactants on the phase, particle size and morphology of NiZrPs was studied. The results show that the addition of surfactant can reduce the particle size. Compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30(PVP-K30) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) can restrain the growth of particles more efficiently, resulting in a smaller average particle size. Moreover, the visible-light photocatalytic property of NiZrPs was studied based on methylene blue (MB) as a simulated wastewater. As a result, the visible-light apparent dye decolorization efficiency of NiZrP prepared with PVP-K30 is 49.0% which is much higher than that of the other two products. This work developed a new method for the preparation and application of new type zirconium phosphate complex salt.
2017, 34(4): 423-429
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160259
Abstract:
N-acryloyl-1, 2-diaminoethane hydrochloridthe (ADE) was firstly synthesized, and then cationic hyperbranched poly (N-acryloyl-1, 2-diaminoethane hydrochloride)(HADE) was prepared by Michael addition reaction of ADE and the structures were characterized in detail. The HADE was utilized as demulsifier for simulating oil/water (O/W) emulsion containing 5% mass fraction kerosene and the result indicates that the oil removal rate can be up to 95.6% at 50℃ when HADE demulsifier content ratio is 200 mg/L, impolying a good prospective of HADE demulsifier in demulsification and oil-removal.
N-acryloyl-1, 2-diaminoethane hydrochloridthe (ADE) was firstly synthesized, and then cationic hyperbranched poly (N-acryloyl-1, 2-diaminoethane hydrochloride)(HADE) was prepared by Michael addition reaction of ADE and the structures were characterized in detail. The HADE was utilized as demulsifier for simulating oil/water (O/W) emulsion containing 5% mass fraction kerosene and the result indicates that the oil removal rate can be up to 95.6% at 50℃ when HADE demulsifier content ratio is 200 mg/L, impolying a good prospective of HADE demulsifier in demulsification and oil-removal.
2017, 34(4): 430-435
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160260
Abstract:
Polyurethane (PU)/Al-Sm2O3 composite coatings were modified by silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550). The variation of natural aging property before and after modification was systematically investigated from the perspectives of functional properties and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the stability of infrared emissivity of PU/Al-Sm2O3 composite coatings for natural aging is significantly enhanced after KH550 modification. The infrared emission of modified coatings is significantly lower than that of unmodified coatings under the same conditions. The dispersion of Sm2O3 particles on the coatings' surface is more uniform after modified by KH550. The near-infrared light absorption intensity has increased, and this leads to a 1.06 μm near-infrared reflectivity of modified coatings, which is significantly lower than that of unmodified coatings. The coatings' hardness has good stability for natural aging before and after modification. The hardness can maintain for 3 H. The adhesion strength and impact strength of the unmodified coatings are significantly affected by natural aging, but it can be significantly strengthened after KH550 modification to maintained at 1 grade and 50 kg·cm after natural aging for 4 months, respectively.
Polyurethane (PU)/Al-Sm2O3 composite coatings were modified by silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550). The variation of natural aging property before and after modification was systematically investigated from the perspectives of functional properties and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the stability of infrared emissivity of PU/Al-Sm2O3 composite coatings for natural aging is significantly enhanced after KH550 modification. The infrared emission of modified coatings is significantly lower than that of unmodified coatings under the same conditions. The dispersion of Sm2O3 particles on the coatings' surface is more uniform after modified by KH550. The near-infrared light absorption intensity has increased, and this leads to a 1.06 μm near-infrared reflectivity of modified coatings, which is significantly lower than that of unmodified coatings. The coatings' hardness has good stability for natural aging before and after modification. The hardness can maintain for 3 H. The adhesion strength and impact strength of the unmodified coatings are significantly affected by natural aging, but it can be significantly strengthened after KH550 modification to maintained at 1 grade and 50 kg·cm after natural aging for 4 months, respectively.
2017, 34(4): 436-442
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160312
Abstract:
Poly (trimethylene terephthalate), as a new polyester material, has excellent properties, but its flammability limits its application range. In order to improve the flame retardant properties of ethylene terephthalate. In this paper, the flame retardant modification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) resin (PTT) was carried out by using non-halogen expansion EPFR-300A as flame retardant modifier, and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) as toughening agent. The effects of flame retardant and toughening agents on the mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties of PTT resin were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical properties. The results show that the mechanical properties of PTT resin are improved by the addition of POE and POE-g-MAH. When mass fraction is the same, toughening effect of POE-g-MAH on PTT resin is better than that of POE, and mechanical properties are the best when mass fraction of POE-g-MAH is 7%. When the same content of toughening agent is added, mass fraction of EPFR-300A reaches 20%, flame retardant property is the best, limit oxygen index reaches 28.0%, and vertical combustion flame retardant grade reaches UL94 V-0. The compatibility between EPFR-300A flame retardant and PTT resin is good, and it can effectively promote PTT resin into carbon and improve flame retardant properties of the material.
Poly (trimethylene terephthalate), as a new polyester material, has excellent properties, but its flammability limits its application range. In order to improve the flame retardant properties of ethylene terephthalate. In this paper, the flame retardant modification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) resin (PTT) was carried out by using non-halogen expansion EPFR-300A as flame retardant modifier, and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) as toughening agent. The effects of flame retardant and toughening agents on the mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties of PTT resin were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical properties. The results show that the mechanical properties of PTT resin are improved by the addition of POE and POE-g-MAH. When mass fraction is the same, toughening effect of POE-g-MAH on PTT resin is better than that of POE, and mechanical properties are the best when mass fraction of POE-g-MAH is 7%. When the same content of toughening agent is added, mass fraction of EPFR-300A reaches 20%, flame retardant property is the best, limit oxygen index reaches 28.0%, and vertical combustion flame retardant grade reaches UL94 V-0. The compatibility between EPFR-300A flame retardant and PTT resin is good, and it can effectively promote PTT resin into carbon and improve flame retardant properties of the material.
2017, 34(4): 443-448
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160297
Abstract:
Poly (diphenylacetylene)(PDPA) is insoluble in organic solvents which makes it a new type promising membrane material for solvent resistant nanofiltration. PDPA membranes were obtained by desilylation of poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl) phenyl]acetylene](PTMSDPA) dense membranes, which were prepared by solution-casting method. The permeation of pure ethanol and the retention of dye/ethanol solutions were investigated. The ethanol permeability of the PDPA membrane increases linearly with increased applying pressure. The transport mechanism for solvents in PDPA membrane can fall in the transition range between a pore flow and a solution diffusion mechanism. Moreover, the dye retention of the PDPA membrane is controlled by the molecular size of the dyes, the charge character and interaction between the dyes and the membrane.
Poly (diphenylacetylene)(PDPA) is insoluble in organic solvents which makes it a new type promising membrane material for solvent resistant nanofiltration. PDPA membranes were obtained by desilylation of poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl) phenyl]acetylene](PTMSDPA) dense membranes, which were prepared by solution-casting method. The permeation of pure ethanol and the retention of dye/ethanol solutions were investigated. The ethanol permeability of the PDPA membrane increases linearly with increased applying pressure. The transport mechanism for solvents in PDPA membrane can fall in the transition range between a pore flow and a solution diffusion mechanism. Moreover, the dye retention of the PDPA membrane is controlled by the molecular size of the dyes, the charge character and interaction between the dyes and the membrane.
2017, 34(4): 449-455
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160301
Abstract:
A biphenyl-derived ratiometric fluorescent probe (WN) for the detection of H2S was synthesized using 4, 4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid as the raw material and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS. For the purpose of detection of H2S in aqueous solution, its fluorescent properties had been systematically researched. The results show that probe WN exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity for detection of H2S, response time is 12 min. WN has strong anti-interference ability to biological mercaptan (Cys, Gsh), active oxides (H2O2, ClO-), various anions and cations (H2PO4-, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+), and a good fluorescence response in a wide pH range, the fluorescence in tensity has good linear relation ships with H2S in the range of 1.1~350 μmol/L (R2=0.9943), the detection limit of H2S is estimated to be 1.07×10-6 mol/L. The test for three different water samples shows that the probe WN has a certain application significance in the detection of H2S in water.
A biphenyl-derived ratiometric fluorescent probe (WN) for the detection of H2S was synthesized using 4, 4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid as the raw material and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS. For the purpose of detection of H2S in aqueous solution, its fluorescent properties had been systematically researched. The results show that probe WN exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity for detection of H2S, response time is 12 min. WN has strong anti-interference ability to biological mercaptan (Cys, Gsh), active oxides (H2O2, ClO-), various anions and cations (H2PO4-, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+), and a good fluorescence response in a wide pH range, the fluorescence in tensity has good linear relation ships with H2S in the range of 1.1~350 μmol/L (R2=0.9943), the detection limit of H2S is estimated to be 1.07×10-6 mol/L. The test for three different water samples shows that the probe WN has a certain application significance in the detection of H2S in water.
2017, 34(4): 456-463
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160268
Abstract:
Novel magnetic multi-ion imprinted polymers (MⅡPs) were synthesized using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the supporting materials, Co2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ as the multi-template and dopamine as the functional monomer. The MⅡPs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer in details. Adsorption performance of the MⅡPs was investigated by magnetic solid phase extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results reveal that the MⅡPs have outstanding magnetic property, high adsorption capacity, high selectivity and fast binding kinetics toward Cu2+, Co2+and Cd2+ with the maximum adsorption capacity of 46.08 mg/g, 36.35 mg/g and 30.65 mg/g, respectively. Combined with atomic absorption spectroscopy, MⅡPs were successfully used to separate and enrich Cu2+, Co2+and Cd2+ in real sludge samples with the enrichment factor of 18.6, 13.4 and 10.9, respectively.
Novel magnetic multi-ion imprinted polymers (MⅡPs) were synthesized using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the supporting materials, Co2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ as the multi-template and dopamine as the functional monomer. The MⅡPs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer in details. Adsorption performance of the MⅡPs was investigated by magnetic solid phase extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results reveal that the MⅡPs have outstanding magnetic property, high adsorption capacity, high selectivity and fast binding kinetics toward Cu2+, Co2+and Cd2+ with the maximum adsorption capacity of 46.08 mg/g, 36.35 mg/g and 30.65 mg/g, respectively. Combined with atomic absorption spectroscopy, MⅡPs were successfully used to separate and enrich Cu2+, Co2+and Cd2+ in real sludge samples with the enrichment factor of 18.6, 13.4 and 10.9, respectively.
2017, 34(4): 464-471
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160263
Abstract:
An adsorbent named chitosan/pumice has been prepared for adsorptive removal of profenofos from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, ion strength and temperature on the adsorption of profenofos were investigated by batch experiments. The immobilization of chitosan was characterized by SEM, TGA, elemental analysis, FT-IR, XRD and XRF. The resultsshow that the chitosan loaded on pumice accounts for 8.69% of the amount of adsorbent; the adsorbent can be employed at pH 3.0~7.0 for quantitative adsorption rate (>90%); the adsorption for profenofos is hardly influenced by ion strength, and slightly decreases with temperature increase. Under the condition of 25℃, pH=7.0, 40 mg/L for the concentration of profenofos and 0.7 g/L for dose of chitosan/pumice, the adsorption equilibrium time is 90 min and the maximum adsorption rate of profenofos is 93.3%(53.4 mg/g for adsorbing capacity). The adsorbent can be reused at least three consecutive times with about 12% decrease on profenofos adsorption efficiency. This method for the adsorptive removal of profenofos from aqueous solution is simple, low cost, rapid and effective.
An adsorbent named chitosan/pumice has been prepared for adsorptive removal of profenofos from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, ion strength and temperature on the adsorption of profenofos were investigated by batch experiments. The immobilization of chitosan was characterized by SEM, TGA, elemental analysis, FT-IR, XRD and XRF. The resultsshow that the chitosan loaded on pumice accounts for 8.69% of the amount of adsorbent; the adsorbent can be employed at pH 3.0~7.0 for quantitative adsorption rate (>90%); the adsorption for profenofos is hardly influenced by ion strength, and slightly decreases with temperature increase. Under the condition of 25℃, pH=7.0, 40 mg/L for the concentration of profenofos and 0.7 g/L for dose of chitosan/pumice, the adsorption equilibrium time is 90 min and the maximum adsorption rate of profenofos is 93.3%(53.4 mg/g for adsorbing capacity). The adsorbent can be reused at least three consecutive times with about 12% decrease on profenofos adsorption efficiency. This method for the adsorptive removal of profenofos from aqueous solution is simple, low cost, rapid and effective.
2017, 34(4): 481-485
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160248
Abstract:
Naringenin is a kind of flavonoid compound. It is practically insoluble in water. The solubility of natural compounds could be effectively improved by principles of crystal engineering. In this paper, an organic salt monohydrate of naringenin with trimethylamine, [C15H11O5]-·[C6H16N]+·H2O, was prepared and its crystal structure was successfully determined. The results show that the organic salt hydrate crystallized in monoclinic crystal system and P21/n space group. The proton in 7-substituted hydroxyl of naringenin is transferred to the N atom of trimethylamine forming N+-H…O- hydrogen bond. The resulting hydroxyl anion is involved in O-H…O- hydrogen bonding with 4'-substituted hydroxyl, which gives rise to a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain-like structure. Water molecule further connects the 1D chain into a 2D hydrogen-bonded network through two kinds of hydrogen-bonding interactions. After forming triethylamine salt hydrate, the solubility of naringenin in water is increased by 20 times.
Naringenin is a kind of flavonoid compound. It is practically insoluble in water. The solubility of natural compounds could be effectively improved by principles of crystal engineering. In this paper, an organic salt monohydrate of naringenin with trimethylamine, [C15H11O5]-·[C6H16N]+·H2O, was prepared and its crystal structure was successfully determined. The results show that the organic salt hydrate crystallized in monoclinic crystal system and P21/n space group. The proton in 7-substituted hydroxyl of naringenin is transferred to the N atom of trimethylamine forming N+-H…O- hydrogen bond. The resulting hydroxyl anion is involved in O-H…O- hydrogen bonding with 4'-substituted hydroxyl, which gives rise to a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain-like structure. Water molecule further connects the 1D chain into a 2D hydrogen-bonded network through two kinds of hydrogen-bonding interactions. After forming triethylamine salt hydrate, the solubility of naringenin in water is increased by 20 times.
2017, 34(4): 472-480
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160249
Abstract:
An organic-inorganic composite film with superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity was constructed on copper mesh by facile dip-coating. The water contact angle on the film is 152° while the oil contact angle is less than 10°. It is confirmed that the cooperative effect of the hierarchical structures composed by linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and SiO2 nanoballs, and the nature of the LLPDE contribute to the wettability. The film with unique wettability exhibits self-cleaning and good anti-corrosion properties, and can be employed to effectively separate oil from water. Compared with traditional techniques for constructing superhydrophobic-superoleophilic film, the method adopted here is simple, low cost, fluorine-free, and may be applied in practice.
An organic-inorganic composite film with superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity was constructed on copper mesh by facile dip-coating. The water contact angle on the film is 152° while the oil contact angle is less than 10°. It is confirmed that the cooperative effect of the hierarchical structures composed by linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and SiO2 nanoballs, and the nature of the LLPDE contribute to the wettability. The film with unique wettability exhibits self-cleaning and good anti-corrosion properties, and can be employed to effectively separate oil from water. Compared with traditional techniques for constructing superhydrophobic-superoleophilic film, the method adopted here is simple, low cost, fluorine-free, and may be applied in practice.
2017, 34(4): 486-488
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.04.160366
Abstract:
Five novel Ln (Ⅲ) coordination polymers, {[Ln2(1, 3-bdc)3(H2O)4](DMF (H2O}n(Ln=Pr (1), Nd (2), Gd (3)) and {[Ln4(1, 3-bdc)6(H2O)4(DMF)](DMF (2H2O}n(Ln=Er (4), Ho (5))(1, 3-bdc=isophthalic acid, DMF=N, N-dimethyl formamide), have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that coordination polymers 1 to 3 are isomorphous and crystallized in the monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n, and coordination polymers 4 and 5 are isomorphous and belong to the triclinic system with space group P-1. Polymers present multidimensional structures due to versatile coordination modes of 1, 3-bdc2- in crystals. Except for coordination polymer 4, others exhibit NIR luminescent properties that are associated with UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra.
Five novel Ln (Ⅲ) coordination polymers, {[Ln2(1, 3-bdc)3(H2O)4](DMF (H2O}n(Ln=Pr (1), Nd (2), Gd (3)) and {[Ln4(1, 3-bdc)6(H2O)4(DMF)](DMF (2H2O}n(Ln=Er (4), Ho (5))(1, 3-bdc=isophthalic acid, DMF=N, N-dimethyl formamide), have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that coordination polymers 1 to 3 are isomorphous and crystallized in the monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n, and coordination polymers 4 and 5 are isomorphous and belong to the triclinic system with space group P-1. Polymers present multidimensional structures due to versatile coordination modes of 1, 3-bdc2- in crystals. Except for coordination polymer 4, others exhibit NIR luminescent properties that are associated with UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra.
