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2014 Volume 31 Issue 5
2014, 31(5): 505-512
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30247
Abstract:
Natural gas hydrate is honored as the most commercially valuable strategic resources in 21st century.It is also considered to be a highly efficient gas reservoir for its special cage crystal structure with great gas storage capacity.This provides a new way to gas storage and transportation technology.Domestic and abroad researches concerning about gas hydrate formation in surfactant were summarized.The effects of surfactant on the hydrate were analyzed.The effects of various types surfactant namely sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS),sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were analyzed.The dynamics mechanism on gas hydrate was expounded.Composite surfactants are believed to be effective on overcoming the existing inadequacy.The future research direction will include establishment of the hydrate kinetic model containing surfactant parameters.
Natural gas hydrate is honored as the most commercially valuable strategic resources in 21st century.It is also considered to be a highly efficient gas reservoir for its special cage crystal structure with great gas storage capacity.This provides a new way to gas storage and transportation technology.Domestic and abroad researches concerning about gas hydrate formation in surfactant were summarized.The effects of surfactant on the hydrate were analyzed.The effects of various types surfactant namely sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS),sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were analyzed.The dynamics mechanism on gas hydrate was expounded.Composite surfactants are believed to be effective on overcoming the existing inadequacy.The future research direction will include establishment of the hydrate kinetic model containing surfactant parameters.
2014, 31(5): 513-519
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30345
Abstract:
Hesperidin was extracted from citrus peels.Hesperetin was then prepared by acid-catalyed hydrolysis reaction of hesperidin.Eighteen hesperitin Schiff base derivatives were synthesized by the condensation reaction of hesperetin with amino compounds.These compounds were characterized by UV,IR,1H NMR,MS and elemental analysis.The scavenging effects of hesperidin,hesperitin and these Schiff base compounds on the superoxide radical(O2-·),hydroxyl radical(·OH) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH·) and their total reduction activities were also compared.The results show that all of the Schiff bases used herein have scavenging effects on these radicals,and some hydrazones derivatives have stronger effect than hesperidin and hesperitin at the concentration of 1.0 g/L.
Hesperidin was extracted from citrus peels.Hesperetin was then prepared by acid-catalyed hydrolysis reaction of hesperidin.Eighteen hesperitin Schiff base derivatives were synthesized by the condensation reaction of hesperetin with amino compounds.These compounds were characterized by UV,IR,1H NMR,MS and elemental analysis.The scavenging effects of hesperidin,hesperitin and these Schiff base compounds on the superoxide radical(O2-·),hydroxyl radical(·OH) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH·) and their total reduction activities were also compared.The results show that all of the Schiff bases used herein have scavenging effects on these radicals,and some hydrazones derivatives have stronger effect than hesperidin and hesperitin at the concentration of 1.0 g/L.
2014, 31(5): 520-523
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30351
Abstract:
The 4'-nitrobenzylidene derivative 3 prepared from progesterone was reduced by SnCl2·2H2O/HCl to obtain 4'-aminobenzylidene derivative 4.When ethyl acetate was used as the solvent and five equivalents of SnCl2 was used as the reducing agent,the yield was up to 74%,which provides a convenient route to synthesize amino-modified steroidal derivatives.
The 4'-nitrobenzylidene derivative 3 prepared from progesterone was reduced by SnCl2·2H2O/HCl to obtain 4'-aminobenzylidene derivative 4.When ethyl acetate was used as the solvent and five equivalents of SnCl2 was used as the reducing agent,the yield was up to 74%,which provides a convenient route to synthesize amino-modified steroidal derivatives.
2014, 31(5): 524-528
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30347
Abstract:
Given acidic protons on the 9 position,flourene undergoes hydroxymethylation reaction with paraformaldehyde in the presence of base.The effects of bases,reaction temperature and reaction time on the distribution of products were studied.The results indicate that the stronger the base,the more 9,9-bishydroxymethylflourene is produced.In the meanwhile,elevated reaction temperature and prolonged the reaction time result in more 9,9'-methylene diflourene.By controlling the reaction conditions intentionally it is possible to produce 9-fluorenyl methanol or 9,9-bishydroxymethylflourene selectively or both in one pot.
Given acidic protons on the 9 position,flourene undergoes hydroxymethylation reaction with paraformaldehyde in the presence of base.The effects of bases,reaction temperature and reaction time on the distribution of products were studied.The results indicate that the stronger the base,the more 9,9-bishydroxymethylflourene is produced.In the meanwhile,elevated reaction temperature and prolonged the reaction time result in more 9,9'-methylene diflourene.By controlling the reaction conditions intentionally it is possible to produce 9-fluorenyl methanol or 9,9-bishydroxymethylflourene selectively or both in one pot.
2014, 31(5): 529-535
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30371
Abstract:
Five phosphine-functionalized ionic liquids,1-propyl-3-[3-(diphenylphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([PImC3P(O)Ph2][Tf2N]),1-hexyl-3-[3-(diphenylphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([HImC3P(O)Ph2][Tf2N]),1-propyl-3-[3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([PImC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]),1-hexyl-3-[3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([HImC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]) and 3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyltriethylamonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([TENC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]),were successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis.All compounds were characterized by 31P NMR,1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS and FT-IR.These ionic liquids were studied as extraction agents for Nd(Ⅲ) ions.The results show that ionic liquids can be used as a single component agent to extract rare earth without the addition of organic diluents and the structure of ionic liquids greatly influences the extraction efficiency.[TENC3P(O) Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]ionic liquid with quaternary ammonium exhibits the best extraction efficiency.The pH value of extraction systems has a significant impact on the extraction efficiency.The highest extraction efficiency is achieved under pH=6.63,while more than 94% of Nd(Ⅲ) can be stripped from the loaded organic phase under pH=1.00.
Five phosphine-functionalized ionic liquids,1-propyl-3-[3-(diphenylphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([PImC3P(O)Ph2][Tf2N]),1-hexyl-3-[3-(diphenylphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([HImC3P(O)Ph2][Tf2N]),1-propyl-3-[3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([PImC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]),1-hexyl-3-[3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([HImC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]) and 3-(phenylethoxyphosphinyl) propyltriethylamonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide([TENC3P(O)Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]),were successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis.All compounds were characterized by 31P NMR,1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS and FT-IR.These ionic liquids were studied as extraction agents for Nd(Ⅲ) ions.The results show that ionic liquids can be used as a single component agent to extract rare earth without the addition of organic diluents and the structure of ionic liquids greatly influences the extraction efficiency.[TENC3P(O) Ph(OEt)][Tf2N]ionic liquid with quaternary ammonium exhibits the best extraction efficiency.The pH value of extraction systems has a significant impact on the extraction efficiency.The highest extraction efficiency is achieved under pH=6.63,while more than 94% of Nd(Ⅲ) can be stripped from the loaded organic phase under pH=1.00.
2014, 31(5): 536-540
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30340
Abstract:
Magnetite nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for C——O cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromide with phenol under solvent-free and ligand-free conditions were described.Under the optimized conditions:130℃,48 h and 7% molar fraction of Fe3O4,the yield of diaryl ether reaches up to 94.7%.The separated magnetite nanoparticles catalyst can be recycled for 4 runs in the C——O cross-coupling reaction without significantly loss of catalytic activity.
Magnetite nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for C——O cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromide with phenol under solvent-free and ligand-free conditions were described.Under the optimized conditions:130℃,48 h and 7% molar fraction of Fe3O4,the yield of diaryl ether reaches up to 94.7%.The separated magnetite nanoparticles catalyst can be recycled for 4 runs in the C——O cross-coupling reaction without significantly loss of catalytic activity.
2014, 31(5): 541-547
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30364
Abstract:
Co/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with different Co/Al ratios(Cox/Al-LDHs,x=2,3 and 4) and their calcined samples(Cox/Al-LDOs) were prepared and characterized by XRD,FT-IR,BET and ICP techniques.These catalysts were studied for selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde.The results indicate that under the optimized condition(0.6 mL(5.43 mmol) of toluene,100 mg of Co4/Al-LDO,21.7 mmol of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP),10 mL of acetonitrile,reaction temperature 70℃,and reaction time 9 h),the conversion of toluene is 8.2% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde is 77.6%.Repeated runs indicate that these catalysts are stable up to 7 cycles without obvious change of the catalytic activity and selectivity.
Co/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with different Co/Al ratios(Cox/Al-LDHs,x=2,3 and 4) and their calcined samples(Cox/Al-LDOs) were prepared and characterized by XRD,FT-IR,BET and ICP techniques.These catalysts were studied for selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde.The results indicate that under the optimized condition(0.6 mL(5.43 mmol) of toluene,100 mg of Co4/Al-LDO,21.7 mmol of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP),10 mL of acetonitrile,reaction temperature 70℃,and reaction time 9 h),the conversion of toluene is 8.2% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde is 77.6%.Repeated runs indicate that these catalysts are stable up to 7 cycles without obvious change of the catalytic activity and selectivity.
2014, 31(5): 548-552
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30343
Abstract:
Styrene(S) and divinyl benzene(DVB) were used as starting materials,and poly(lactic acid)(PLA) with terminated S-(thiobenzoyl) thioglycolic ester was used as the chain transfer agent.A styrenic monomer containing boron-dipyrromethene fluorophore(BODIPY)(BDP-St) was also copolymerized to form the cross-linked polymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization.Heterogeneous polymeric photocatalysts were obtained by selectively etching the PLA segments in the crosslinked polymers using the methanol/water solution of NaOH.Photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole was studied using the cross-linked polymers.The results show that the polymeric materials obtained have no pore structures.Photocatalytic experiments show that the catalytic properties of polymers obtained from the chain transfer agent containing a PLA segment are better than those from a small molecular chain transfer agent,but the content of PLA has little effect on the catalytic properties.
Styrene(S) and divinyl benzene(DVB) were used as starting materials,and poly(lactic acid)(PLA) with terminated S-(thiobenzoyl) thioglycolic ester was used as the chain transfer agent.A styrenic monomer containing boron-dipyrromethene fluorophore(BODIPY)(BDP-St) was also copolymerized to form the cross-linked polymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization.Heterogeneous polymeric photocatalysts were obtained by selectively etching the PLA segments in the crosslinked polymers using the methanol/water solution of NaOH.Photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole was studied using the cross-linked polymers.The results show that the polymeric materials obtained have no pore structures.Photocatalytic experiments show that the catalytic properties of polymers obtained from the chain transfer agent containing a PLA segment are better than those from a small molecular chain transfer agent,but the content of PLA has little effect on the catalytic properties.
2014, 31(5): 553-559
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30372
Abstract:
Basic ionic liquids(BILs),including 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide([Bmim][OH]),coordinated with iron chloride,copper chloride,and ruthenium trichloride,were used as both the ligand and catalyst in activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization(AGET ATRP) of methyl methacrylate(MMA) in bulk and solution,using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate(EBiB) as the initiator,vitamin C(VC) as the reducing agent.Catalytic amount of BILs can enhance the polymerization rate,and produce PMMA with controllable relative molecular mass and narrow relative molecular mass distribution(Mw/Mn=1.20~1.50).The influence of the addition of BILs on the polymerization rate and relative molecular mass distributions were investigated.The catalytic properties of the three catalytic systems were studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) characterization.The nature of controlled/"living" free radical polymerization in the presence of BILs was confirmed by chain-extension experiments.The ready solubility of BILs enables them to be applied as a new type of catalyst in AGET ATRP.
Basic ionic liquids(BILs),including 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide([Bmim][OH]),coordinated with iron chloride,copper chloride,and ruthenium trichloride,were used as both the ligand and catalyst in activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization(AGET ATRP) of methyl methacrylate(MMA) in bulk and solution,using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate(EBiB) as the initiator,vitamin C(VC) as the reducing agent.Catalytic amount of BILs can enhance the polymerization rate,and produce PMMA with controllable relative molecular mass and narrow relative molecular mass distribution(Mw/Mn=1.20~1.50).The influence of the addition of BILs on the polymerization rate and relative molecular mass distributions were investigated.The catalytic properties of the three catalytic systems were studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) characterization.The nature of controlled/"living" free radical polymerization in the presence of BILs was confirmed by chain-extension experiments.The ready solubility of BILs enables them to be applied as a new type of catalyst in AGET ATRP.
2014, 31(5): 560-565
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30366
Abstract:
Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene(PS-b-PB) microporous polymer honeycomb films with hexagonal pores were prepared by solvent evaporating self-organization under humid conditions(polystyrene-blockpolybutadiene,referred to as:PS-b-PB,the same below).The PS-b-PB honeycomb films were shrunk twice by using polythene shrinkable films to form ordered porous film with small pores.The pores in film changed from circular to rectangular or fusiform after shrinkage;the pore size of film was shrunk from micron into submicron.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to study the generation mechanism of two films.The results showed that PS-b-PB could transform the invisible thermal field signals into visible optical signals based on the advantages combination of polystyrene and polybutadiene which flat films structure remained after contraction.
Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene(PS-b-PB) microporous polymer honeycomb films with hexagonal pores were prepared by solvent evaporating self-organization under humid conditions(polystyrene-blockpolybutadiene,referred to as:PS-b-PB,the same below).The PS-b-PB honeycomb films were shrunk twice by using polythene shrinkable films to form ordered porous film with small pores.The pores in film changed from circular to rectangular or fusiform after shrinkage;the pore size of film was shrunk from micron into submicron.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to study the generation mechanism of two films.The results showed that PS-b-PB could transform the invisible thermal field signals into visible optical signals based on the advantages combination of polystyrene and polybutadiene which flat films structure remained after contraction.
2014, 31(5): 566-569
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30355
Abstract:
The hydroxy-terminated oligomeric polysiloxane(HO-PDM) grafted toughened phenolic resin was prepared by the copolymerization of HO-PDM with formaldehyde and phenol.The structure of modified phenolic resin was characterized by FT-IR.The mechanical properties of phenolic resin before and after modification were tested by the electron universal testing machine.The thermal stability of modified phenolic resin was analyzed with the thermal gravimetry.The elongation at break,impact strength,tensile strength of modified phenolic resin are estimated as 2.8%,2.875 kJ/m2 and 23.2 MPa,respectively.The temperature of modified resin at 20% mass loss is 431.28℃,the peak temperature is 441.8℃,and the residual mass rate at 800℃ is 51.02%.
The hydroxy-terminated oligomeric polysiloxane(HO-PDM) grafted toughened phenolic resin was prepared by the copolymerization of HO-PDM with formaldehyde and phenol.The structure of modified phenolic resin was characterized by FT-IR.The mechanical properties of phenolic resin before and after modification were tested by the electron universal testing machine.The thermal stability of modified phenolic resin was analyzed with the thermal gravimetry.The elongation at break,impact strength,tensile strength of modified phenolic resin are estimated as 2.8%,2.875 kJ/m2 and 23.2 MPa,respectively.The temperature of modified resin at 20% mass loss is 431.28℃,the peak temperature is 441.8℃,and the residual mass rate at 800℃ is 51.02%.
2014, 31(5): 570-576
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30374
Abstract:
In lignocellulosic ethanol production process,utilization of separated lignins can improve the economy of cellulosic ethanol technology.In this article using poplar power as feedstock,lignin extracted from three methods were analyzed and compared from the perspective of lignin yield and molecule modification degree.Phosphoric acid-acetone lignin is characterized by its high yield of 15%~25%.Alkaline cooking and organic solvent method can only reach 9.58% and 13.47%.By FT-IR characterization,it is confirmed that phosphoric acid-acetone lignin has the biggest absorption signal at 1608 cm-1,1507 cm-1 and 1463 cm-1,and its conjugated carbonyl absorption peak also exists at 1650 cm-1.This result indicate that it has the lowest modification.1H NMR analysis also supports this conclusion.Phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment can raise the economy of cellulosic ethanol process under lower temperature and normal pressure.
In lignocellulosic ethanol production process,utilization of separated lignins can improve the economy of cellulosic ethanol technology.In this article using poplar power as feedstock,lignin extracted from three methods were analyzed and compared from the perspective of lignin yield and molecule modification degree.Phosphoric acid-acetone lignin is characterized by its high yield of 15%~25%.Alkaline cooking and organic solvent method can only reach 9.58% and 13.47%.By FT-IR characterization,it is confirmed that phosphoric acid-acetone lignin has the biggest absorption signal at 1608 cm-1,1507 cm-1 and 1463 cm-1,and its conjugated carbonyl absorption peak also exists at 1650 cm-1.This result indicate that it has the lowest modification.1H NMR analysis also supports this conclusion.Phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment can raise the economy of cellulosic ethanol process under lower temperature and normal pressure.
2014, 31(5): 577-580
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30376
Abstract:
In this work,a series of post-processing experiments was conducted on cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG:Ce3+) yellow phosphor in order to improve their luminescent properties.Several kinds of alkali,e.g.,ammonia,N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC),triethanolamine and polyacrylamide,were selected as post-processing reagents.Effect of the type,the concentration of the post-processing reagent,and the soaking on the PL intensity of YAG:Ce3+ were investigated in details.The optimum condition is to soak the phosphor in a 30% ammonia solution for 50 min at 50℃.The PL intensity of the phosphor increased about 9.5%,and the agglomeration among particles decreased after post-process.
In this work,a series of post-processing experiments was conducted on cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG:Ce3+) yellow phosphor in order to improve their luminescent properties.Several kinds of alkali,e.g.,ammonia,N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC),triethanolamine and polyacrylamide,were selected as post-processing reagents.Effect of the type,the concentration of the post-processing reagent,and the soaking on the PL intensity of YAG:Ce3+ were investigated in details.The optimum condition is to soak the phosphor in a 30% ammonia solution for 50 min at 50℃.The PL intensity of the phosphor increased about 9.5%,and the agglomeration among particles decreased after post-process.
2014, 31(5): 581-588
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30389
Abstract:
The electrostatic interaction,and adsorption of cationic latex on the surface of cotton fibers have been extensively studied because of their practical and theoretical importance.In this paper,conductometric titration was used to determine the chloride ion content at the surface of cationic latex and to analyze the conductivity of cationic latex.Moreover,the adsorption isotherm of cationic latex on cotton fabrics was explored deeply.Within the range of 0.05~0.3×10-8 mol/L,a good linear relationship between the concentration(cp) of latex and the conductivity(Λ) was obtained(Λ=8.0913cp+1.8093,R2=0.9986).The limiting molar conductivity of cationic colloidal nucleus,calculated according to the electrolyte theory,was not a constant at 25℃.The limiting molar conductivity decreased with the increase of the latex's concentration.Finally,the adsorption isotherm of cationic latex on cotton fabrics was fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
The electrostatic interaction,and adsorption of cationic latex on the surface of cotton fibers have been extensively studied because of their practical and theoretical importance.In this paper,conductometric titration was used to determine the chloride ion content at the surface of cationic latex and to analyze the conductivity of cationic latex.Moreover,the adsorption isotherm of cationic latex on cotton fabrics was explored deeply.Within the range of 0.05~0.3×10-8 mol/L,a good linear relationship between the concentration(cp) of latex and the conductivity(Λ) was obtained(Λ=8.0913cp+1.8093,R2=0.9986).The limiting molar conductivity of cationic colloidal nucleus,calculated according to the electrolyte theory,was not a constant at 25℃.The limiting molar conductivity decreased with the increase of the latex's concentration.Finally,the adsorption isotherm of cationic latex on cotton fabrics was fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
2014, 31(5): 589-593
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30325
Abstract:
The electroless plating of copper on the palladium(Ⅱ) chloride-dopped carboxylic styrene butadiene latex film was investigated.Cu2+ was reduced to Cu for directional deposition of copper particles on the film surface.The copper coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy-disperse spectroscopy(EDS).The rate of mass gain and deposition were also measured.These results indicate that the copper coating is uniform and compact on the film,and allows broad applications of this method.
The electroless plating of copper on the palladium(Ⅱ) chloride-dopped carboxylic styrene butadiene latex film was investigated.Cu2+ was reduced to Cu for directional deposition of copper particles on the film surface.The copper coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy-disperse spectroscopy(EDS).The rate of mass gain and deposition were also measured.These results indicate that the copper coating is uniform and compact on the film,and allows broad applications of this method.
2014, 31(5): 594-599
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30466
Abstract:
Five acrylamide compounds containing capsaicin moieties were synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by IR spectroscopy,1H NMR spectroscopy,HRMS and elemental analysis.The results of bacteriuminhibition experiments concluded that the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of five tag compounds respectively to Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli both were 0.125 g/L.The antifouling properties of coatings were examined by immersing test panels in the sea for more than 120 days.The result shows that the test panels are covered with a few macroscopic fouling organisms balanus.
Five acrylamide compounds containing capsaicin moieties were synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by IR spectroscopy,1H NMR spectroscopy,HRMS and elemental analysis.The results of bacteriuminhibition experiments concluded that the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of five tag compounds respectively to Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli both were 0.125 g/L.The antifouling properties of coatings were examined by immersing test panels in the sea for more than 120 days.The result shows that the test panels are covered with a few macroscopic fouling organisms balanus.
2014, 31(5): 600-606
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30379
Abstract:
The BixTiOy-TiO2 composite film electrode was prepared using solvent thermal and adhesion method with polyvinyl alcohol.The as-prepared BixTiOy-TiO2 and film electrode were characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,photoluminescence(PL),SEM,and EDS.The bacteria in simulated ballast water was removed by photoelectrocatalysis.The effects of impressed voltage,light source and number of use of electrode on the disinfection efficiency of photoelectrocatalysis were investigated.UV-Vis experiments show that absorption of BixTiOy-TiO2 composite materials in visible light region is greater than that of pure TiO2.PL experiments prove that light quantum efficiency of composite materials is higher than that of pure TiO2.The photoelectric catalysis experiments of simulated ballast water containing 106 CFU/mL bacteria show that the sterilization efficiency reaches 100% under 20 W germicidal lamp irradiation for 2 min.The impressed voltage is 9 V and the electrode contact area with solution is 140 cm2.Sterilization efficiency remains the same when the same electrode is used repeatedly 20 times.
The BixTiOy-TiO2 composite film electrode was prepared using solvent thermal and adhesion method with polyvinyl alcohol.The as-prepared BixTiOy-TiO2 and film electrode were characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,photoluminescence(PL),SEM,and EDS.The bacteria in simulated ballast water was removed by photoelectrocatalysis.The effects of impressed voltage,light source and number of use of electrode on the disinfection efficiency of photoelectrocatalysis were investigated.UV-Vis experiments show that absorption of BixTiOy-TiO2 composite materials in visible light region is greater than that of pure TiO2.PL experiments prove that light quantum efficiency of composite materials is higher than that of pure TiO2.The photoelectric catalysis experiments of simulated ballast water containing 106 CFU/mL bacteria show that the sterilization efficiency reaches 100% under 20 W germicidal lamp irradiation for 2 min.The impressed voltage is 9 V and the electrode contact area with solution is 140 cm2.Sterilization efficiency remains the same when the same electrode is used repeatedly 20 times.
2014, 31(5): 607-612
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30358
Abstract:
Citric acid grafted β-cyclodextrin(CA-β-CD) modified water-based Fe3O4 magnetic fluid was synthesized via chemical coprecipation method.The structure,morphology,composition and magnetic property of the magnetic fluid were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The results show that the magnetic particles of magnetic fluid disperse well and the diameters are in the range of (7±2) nm.The magnetic fluid is super-paramagnetic and magnetic saturation values are 62 A·m2/Kg and 43 A·m2/Kg before and after modification by CA-β-CD.The magnetic fluid was used as an adsorbent for neutral red(NR).The adsorption time,the initial concentration of NR and pH of the solution were studied.The results show that the magnetic fluid has the highest adsorption effect for NR,maximum adsorption capacity is 244 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency is up to 99.8% under the neutral condition.
Citric acid grafted β-cyclodextrin(CA-β-CD) modified water-based Fe3O4 magnetic fluid was synthesized via chemical coprecipation method.The structure,morphology,composition and magnetic property of the magnetic fluid were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The results show that the magnetic particles of magnetic fluid disperse well and the diameters are in the range of (7±2) nm.The magnetic fluid is super-paramagnetic and magnetic saturation values are 62 A·m2/Kg and 43 A·m2/Kg before and after modification by CA-β-CD.The magnetic fluid was used as an adsorbent for neutral red(NR).The adsorption time,the initial concentration of NR and pH of the solution were studied.The results show that the magnetic fluid has the highest adsorption effect for NR,maximum adsorption capacity is 244 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency is up to 99.8% under the neutral condition.
2014, 31(5): 613-616
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30402
Abstract:
A rapid determination method of free toluene diisocyanante(TDI) content in coating solidifying agent was developed by near infrared spectroscopy(NIR),with GC analysis values as the reference.NIR transmission spectrum of the solidifying agent was first collected.Among the 120 samples analyzed,109 representative samples were selected to establish TDI content of predictive models with the NIR wave numbers between 7320~7250 cm-1 and 8485~8370 cm-1,by the partial least squares(PLS) and fully-interactive authentication methods.The results showed that the free TDI contents in the solidifying agent of and the nearinfrared spectra correlate very well.The calibration set RMSEC was 0.0815 and validation set RMSEP was 0.0715.This proofed the performance of the working model,and indicated that NIR spectroscopy can be used for fast and accurate determination of TDI content in solidifying agent samples.
A rapid determination method of free toluene diisocyanante(TDI) content in coating solidifying agent was developed by near infrared spectroscopy(NIR),with GC analysis values as the reference.NIR transmission spectrum of the solidifying agent was first collected.Among the 120 samples analyzed,109 representative samples were selected to establish TDI content of predictive models with the NIR wave numbers between 7320~7250 cm-1 and 8485~8370 cm-1,by the partial least squares(PLS) and fully-interactive authentication methods.The results showed that the free TDI contents in the solidifying agent of and the nearinfrared spectra correlate very well.The calibration set RMSEC was 0.0815 and validation set RMSEP was 0.0715.This proofed the performance of the working model,and indicated that NIR spectroscopy can be used for fast and accurate determination of TDI content in solidifying agent samples.
2014, 31(5): 617-623
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30342
Abstract:
The interaction between taxifolin and bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated using UV,fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry.The binding constants of 1.3×106 L/mol and 1.6×106 L/mol can be calculated from the data obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry,respectively.And the number of the binding sites is nearly 1.3.The interaction of bovine serum albumin with taxifolin is a single static quenching procedure.The fluorescence intensity changes of BSA correlate linearly with the concentrations of taxifolin,and the linear range is 6.00×10-7~2.00×10-5 mol/L with a limit of detection at 2.0×10-7 mol/L.The redox peak current of taxifolin is proportional to the concentration of BSA.The linear range is 7.00×10-7~1.00×10-4 mol/L with a limit of detection at 3.0×10-7 mol/L.This method has been applied to the determination of BSA and taxifolin with satisfactory results.
The interaction between taxifolin and bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated using UV,fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry.The binding constants of 1.3×106 L/mol and 1.6×106 L/mol can be calculated from the data obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry,respectively.And the number of the binding sites is nearly 1.3.The interaction of bovine serum albumin with taxifolin is a single static quenching procedure.The fluorescence intensity changes of BSA correlate linearly with the concentrations of taxifolin,and the linear range is 6.00×10-7~2.00×10-5 mol/L with a limit of detection at 2.0×10-7 mol/L.The redox peak current of taxifolin is proportional to the concentration of BSA.The linear range is 7.00×10-7~1.00×10-4 mol/L with a limit of detection at 3.0×10-7 mol/L.This method has been applied to the determination of BSA and taxifolin with satisfactory results.
2014, 31(5): 624-626
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30337
Abstract:
Mercury-free catalyst SnCl2-ZnCl2/C for acetylene hydrochlorination was prepared by ultrasound method.Rare earth compounds were added to stabilize the performance of the catalyst.The optimal mass ratio of the active component SnCl2 and ZnCl2 is 2:1,which was determined by golden section and parabolic method.At 140℃,acetylene space velocity 300 h-1,V(HCl)/V(C2H2)=1.10,in the presence of a catalyst composed by 0.67 g SnCl2,0.33 g ZnCl2,0.05 g Tb4O7,and 4 g calcined activated carbon(AC) supporter,the highest 67.70% acetylene average conversion rate was achieved.The preparation method of the supporter was found to be the most important effect factor of the catalyst performance.
Mercury-free catalyst SnCl2-ZnCl2/C for acetylene hydrochlorination was prepared by ultrasound method.Rare earth compounds were added to stabilize the performance of the catalyst.The optimal mass ratio of the active component SnCl2 and ZnCl2 is 2:1,which was determined by golden section and parabolic method.At 140℃,acetylene space velocity 300 h-1,V(HCl)/V(C2H2)=1.10,in the presence of a catalyst composed by 0.67 g SnCl2,0.33 g ZnCl2,0.05 g Tb4O7,and 4 g calcined activated carbon(AC) supporter,the highest 67.70% acetylene average conversion rate was achieved.The preparation method of the supporter was found to be the most important effect factor of the catalyst performance.
