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1990 Volume 7 Issue 5
1990, 7(5): 1-10
Abstract:
This review consists of two parts. The first part presented here emphasizes the synthesis,chain structure, doping, morphological and crystal structure of polyaniline. The second part will be issued on the next number this Journal with the emphasis on the electronic phenomena, conducting mechanism, properties and applications of polyaniline.
This review consists of two parts. The first part presented here emphasizes the synthesis,chain structure, doping, morphological and crystal structure of polyaniline. The second part will be issued on the next number this Journal with the emphasis on the electronic phenomena, conducting mechanism, properties and applications of polyaniline.
1990, 7(5): 11-26
Abstract:
The molecular structure and taste relationships of synthetic sweeteners and relatedtastants were discussed according to functional group classificaton in organic chemistry withan aim to develop more varieties of food flavors.
The molecular structure and taste relationships of synthetic sweeteners and relatedtastants were discussed according to functional group classificaton in organic chemistry withan aim to develop more varieties of food flavors.
1990, 7(5): 27-33
Abstract:
Nineteen 3-(5-(3-pyridyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-alkylsulfides from 3-(5-(3-pyridyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-thione were prepared.Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,HNMR,MS. Antibactericidal activity test of these compounds against E. Coli, A. Aerogenes, B. Subtilis, and S.Aureus showed that compounds 3a-k are the most effective species.
Nineteen 3-(5-(3-pyridyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-alkylsulfides from 3-(5-(3-pyridyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-thione were prepared.Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,HNMR,MS. Antibactericidal activity test of these compounds against E. Coli, A. Aerogenes, B. Subtilis, and S.Aureus showed that compounds 3a-k are the most effective species.
1990, 7(5): 34-38
Abstract:
The computation method and the differences between components are the dominated factors which affect the accuracy of an analytical determination with computation spectrophotometry.Computational-derivative spectrophotometry, based on taking advantage of the higher resolu-tion of derivative spectrum, was proposed for the simultaneous determination of multicompo-nents. The additivity of derivative spectra and the selection of measuring points are impor-tant factors for this method. The measuring points were selected in different order deriva-tive spectrum according to the condition number of the coefficient matrix. The concentrations of the components were calculated by solving a group of equations. The analytical application of the method to the W/Mo-SAF-CTMAB proves that the method is quite simple and accurate.
The computation method and the differences between components are the dominated factors which affect the accuracy of an analytical determination with computation spectrophotometry.Computational-derivative spectrophotometry, based on taking advantage of the higher resolu-tion of derivative spectrum, was proposed for the simultaneous determination of multicompo-nents. The additivity of derivative spectra and the selection of measuring points are impor-tant factors for this method. The measuring points were selected in different order deriva-tive spectrum according to the condition number of the coefficient matrix. The concentrations of the components were calculated by solving a group of equations. The analytical application of the method to the W/Mo-SAF-CTMAB proves that the method is quite simple and accurate.
1990, 7(5): 39-44
Abstract:
The solubility properties of polv(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), carboxylated PPO (C-PPO), bonzcylated PPO (BA-PPO), benzensulfonylated PPO (BS-PPO) and sulfonated PPO (S-PPO) in various solvents were studied. The effect of the polarity of mo-dified PPO's on the solubility parameters determined by the intrinsic viscosity method were discussed.
The solubility properties of polv(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), carboxylated PPO (C-PPO), bonzcylated PPO (BA-PPO), benzensulfonylated PPO (BS-PPO) and sulfonated PPO (S-PPO) in various solvents were studied. The effect of the polarity of mo-dified PPO's on the solubility parameters determined by the intrinsic viscosity method were discussed.
1990, 7(5): 45-48
Abstract:
The ESR spectra of the complexes of four kinds of n-amine with Cu(ClO4)2 have been investigated at 77K. The relative order of σbonding strength and ligand field splitting en-ergies have been calculated by using the hyperfine coupling constants and g values. The re-sults indicate that the σbonding strength increases with the lengthening of carbon chain in ligand molecules and starts to decrease in the ligand complex of n-valeramine. The bonding nature of amino groups is different from those of ammonia in these copper (Ⅱ)-n-aminescomplexes.
The ESR spectra of the complexes of four kinds of n-amine with Cu(ClO4)2 have been investigated at 77K. The relative order of σbonding strength and ligand field splitting en-ergies have been calculated by using the hyperfine coupling constants and g values. The re-sults indicate that the σbonding strength increases with the lengthening of carbon chain in ligand molecules and starts to decrease in the ligand complex of n-valeramine. The bonding nature of amino groups is different from those of ammonia in these copper (Ⅱ)-n-aminescomplexes.
1990, 7(5): 49-53
Abstract:
A simple and convenient procedure for the transforming the Cheng-Yan instrinsic visco-sity-molecular weight equation with three paramaters,A,B, and Kθ:[η]=Kθ[A+(1+AB)M1/2+BM] into a lincar equation of M1/2:([η]-[η]o/(M1/2-Mo1/2)=[Kθ(1+AB)+KθBMo1/2]+KθBM1/2 was proposed.The unperturbed dimension of polydimethylsiloxane obtained from the deduced equation is in agreement with the results from the empirical equations such as KF, SF and IF equations. The new equation avoids the arbitrainess of the empirical equations in estimating the unperturbed dimension.
A simple and convenient procedure for the transforming the Cheng-Yan instrinsic visco-sity-molecular weight equation with three paramaters,A,B, and Kθ:[η]=Kθ[A+(1+AB)M1/2+BM] into a lincar equation of M1/2:([η]-[η]o/(M1/2-Mo1/2)=[Kθ(1+AB)+KθBMo1/2]+KθBM1/2 was proposed.The unperturbed dimension of polydimethylsiloxane obtained from the deduced equation is in agreement with the results from the empirical equations such as KF, SF and IF equations. The new equation avoids the arbitrainess of the empirical equations in estimating the unperturbed dimension.
1990, 7(5): 54-57
Abstract:
A series of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-y superconductor have been investigated. For x≤0.15,the Y3+ is replaced by Ca2+ in 123 phase and the solid solutions are formed. That leads to the slight increase of the lattice parameters of orthorhombic phase. When the contents of Ca increase, the contents of Cu3+ increase but their Tc decrease. It is considered that the properties of neighboring Cu(2)-O plane are affected, when the Y3+ is substituted by Ca2+ then it results in the Tc dropping. It is shown that the properties of Cu(2)-O plane are very important to superconductivity.
A series of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-y superconductor have been investigated. For x≤0.15,the Y3+ is replaced by Ca2+ in 123 phase and the solid solutions are formed. That leads to the slight increase of the lattice parameters of orthorhombic phase. When the contents of Ca increase, the contents of Cu3+ increase but their Tc decrease. It is considered that the properties of neighboring Cu(2)-O plane are affected, when the Y3+ is substituted by Ca2+ then it results in the Tc dropping. It is shown that the properties of Cu(2)-O plane are very important to superconductivity.
1990, 7(5): 58-63
Abstract:
The solid complexes of Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb and Lu with dimethyl phosphate (DMP) were synthesized by reaction of trimethyl phosphate(TMP) with corresponding rare earth chlorides. The mechanism of thermodecomposition of the complexes has been studied. Their infrared spectra were measured and main infrared absorption bands were assigned. The result showed that the polymeric title complexes are extremely similar to Sm(DMP)3 single crystal in the spectral properties of RE-O bond and PO2 group. Thus these complexes may have the same molecular configuration, i.e. dimetbyl phosphate anions coordinate with lanthanide atoms through double O-P-O bridges to form a special network of rings-linking-rings, each of which consists of twenty-four atoms. The RE-O bond of RE(DMP)3 is principally ionic.
The solid complexes of Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb and Lu with dimethyl phosphate (DMP) were synthesized by reaction of trimethyl phosphate(TMP) with corresponding rare earth chlorides. The mechanism of thermodecomposition of the complexes has been studied. Their infrared spectra were measured and main infrared absorption bands were assigned. The result showed that the polymeric title complexes are extremely similar to Sm(DMP)3 single crystal in the spectral properties of RE-O bond and PO2 group. Thus these complexes may have the same molecular configuration, i.e. dimetbyl phosphate anions coordinate with lanthanide atoms through double O-P-O bridges to form a special network of rings-linking-rings, each of which consists of twenty-four atoms. The RE-O bond of RE(DMP)3 is principally ionic.
1990, 7(5): 64-67
Abstract:
The system of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDP) in lubricating base oil has been studied by using 31P-NMR. At low concentration of ZDP a phosphorated compound resonating at chemical shift of 86ppm was found. This indicates that there exists a chemical equilibri-um which is related to ZDP dissociation in the base oil and depends on the concentration of ZDP. A mechanism was proposed about the interaction between ZDP and succinimide dispersant.
The system of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDP) in lubricating base oil has been studied by using 31P-NMR. At low concentration of ZDP a phosphorated compound resonating at chemical shift of 86ppm was found. This indicates that there exists a chemical equilibri-um which is related to ZDP dissociation in the base oil and depends on the concentration of ZDP. A mechanism was proposed about the interaction between ZDP and succinimide dispersant.
1990, 7(5): 68-71
Abstract:
The pyridazine-I2 charge transfer complexes have been found to have an electrical conductivity of 1-102 S/cm and a mixture of the complex with solid I2 up to 98% showed a conductivity greater than 1 S/cm. The voltage shorted compaction technique was used for the conductivity measurement. The complex sample showed a 20% increase in conductivity from room temperature to -30℃ and the value then decreases with further lowering the temperature to -10% of σRT at -100℃. XPS and laser Raman spectral data are also reported.
The pyridazine-I2 charge transfer complexes have been found to have an electrical conductivity of 1-102 S/cm and a mixture of the complex with solid I2 up to 98% showed a conductivity greater than 1 S/cm. The voltage shorted compaction technique was used for the conductivity measurement. The complex sample showed a 20% increase in conductivity from room temperature to -30℃ and the value then decreases with further lowering the temperature to -10% of σRT at -100℃. XPS and laser Raman spectral data are also reported.
1990, 7(5): 72-76
Abstract:
In this paper, the extraction of palladium with tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) from hydrochloric acid solution and its back-extraction with thiourea have been studied, The composition of the extraction complexes determined experimentally by the methods of equi-molal series, saturation,solpe and chemical analysis. The extraction mechanism of palladium with TOPO were discussed through UV-VIS spectrometric determination. The extractionprocess can be expressed as:2PdCl4(a)2-+2TOPO(o)⇌Pd2Cl4·2TOPO(o)+4Cl(a)-
In this paper, the extraction of palladium with tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) from hydrochloric acid solution and its back-extraction with thiourea have been studied, The composition of the extraction complexes determined experimentally by the methods of equi-molal series, saturation,solpe and chemical analysis. The extraction mechanism of palladium with TOPO were discussed through UV-VIS spectrometric determination. The extractionprocess can be expressed as:2PdCl4(a)2-+2TOPO(o)⇌Pd2Cl4·2TOPO(o)+4Cl(a)-
1990, 7(5): 77-79
Abstract:
Butadiene was polymerized with the catalyst system composed of Nd(C8H11)Cl2·3THF and aluminium alkyls. The experimental results show that the activity of the catalysts de-pends on the aluminium alkyls used,the ratio of Al/Nd and the concentration of the catalysts,but not remarkably affected by solvents. The microstruture of the polymers was independent of the polymerization conditions used.Polybutadicne,with high cis-1,4 content (97-98%) was obtained.
Butadiene was polymerized with the catalyst system composed of Nd(C8H11)Cl2·3THF and aluminium alkyls. The experimental results show that the activity of the catalysts de-pends on the aluminium alkyls used,the ratio of Al/Nd and the concentration of the catalysts,but not remarkably affected by solvents. The microstruture of the polymers was independent of the polymerization conditions used.Polybutadicne,with high cis-1,4 content (97-98%) was obtained.
1990, 7(5): 80-82
Abstract:
A method is proposed to separate styrene homopolymer from polydimethylsiloxane-g-poly-styrene and to determine their contents by quantitative SEC with Porasil column and mixture of 1:5 tetrahydrofurane-cyclohexane.
A method is proposed to separate styrene homopolymer from polydimethylsiloxane-g-poly-styrene and to determine their contents by quantitative SEC with Porasil column and mixture of 1:5 tetrahydrofurane-cyclohexane.
1990, 7(5): 83-85
Abstract:
The secondary differential oscillographic chronopotentiometric titration has been carried out for Ca, Mg, boric acid and phenic acid determenition. The incision on the d2E/dt2-E curves produced by the depolarizers is more sharp than that on the dE/dt-E curver. Theindication of the end point of titration has been greatly improved.
The secondary differential oscillographic chronopotentiometric titration has been carried out for Ca, Mg, boric acid and phenic acid determenition. The incision on the d2E/dt2-E curves produced by the depolarizers is more sharp than that on the dE/dt-E curver. Theindication of the end point of titration has been greatly improved.
1990, 7(5): 86-90
Abstract:
The stability toward oxidation and chlorine attack for membranes based on the sulfonated crosslinked polyether condensates or co-condensates from furfuryl alcohol and tris(2-hydroxy-ethyl) isocyanurate was studied by means of internal reflection IR spectroscopy. The mecha-nisms of their oxidation and chlorinolysis have beon discussed.
The stability toward oxidation and chlorine attack for membranes based on the sulfonated crosslinked polyether condensates or co-condensates from furfuryl alcohol and tris(2-hydroxy-ethyl) isocyanurate was studied by means of internal reflection IR spectroscopy. The mecha-nisms of their oxidation and chlorinolysis have beon discussed.
1990, 7(5): 91-93
Abstract:
The conductivities and yields of poly-o-methylaniline obtained from the aqueous media of HBF4, HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4 are reported. The HBF4 was found to be more favourable for the polymerization of o-methylaniline(o-toluidine), the conductivity of product thereby was 0.47 to 1. 0 S·cm-1 at mole ratio of (NH4)2S2O8/C7H9N=1:2 to 1:3. position 591.9nm in the UV visible spectra of poly-o-metbylaniline obtained in HBF4 medium, The peak was affected by the anion of the medium, but 310.3 nm was independent of the anior.
The conductivities and yields of poly-o-methylaniline obtained from the aqueous media of HBF4, HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4 are reported. The HBF4 was found to be more favourable for the polymerization of o-methylaniline(o-toluidine), the conductivity of product thereby was 0.47 to 1. 0 S·cm-1 at mole ratio of (NH4)2S2O8/C7H9N=1:2 to 1:3. position 591.9nm in the UV visible spectra of poly-o-metbylaniline obtained in HBF4 medium, The peak was affected by the anion of the medium, but 310.3 nm was independent of the anior.
1990, 7(5): 94-96
Abstract:
A double-barreled sodium ion-selective microelectrode based on N, N'-bis(dibenzyl)-3,6-dioxaoctyl diamide, with tip diameter of 2.5μm, has been constructed. The microelectrode shows a linear relationship in the range of 10-3~5×10-1mol·dm-3(25℃) in NaCl solution.The selectivity coefficients with respect to K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are 0.053, 6.2×10-4, and 5.8×10-3, respectively. The response characteristics of the microelectrode for Na+ in body fluids was measured. The Na+ concentrations in some clinical microsamples were determined using this microelectrode.
A double-barreled sodium ion-selective microelectrode based on N, N'-bis(dibenzyl)-3,6-dioxaoctyl diamide, with tip diameter of 2.5μm, has been constructed. The microelectrode shows a linear relationship in the range of 10-3~5×10-1mol·dm-3(25℃) in NaCl solution.The selectivity coefficients with respect to K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are 0.053, 6.2×10-4, and 5.8×10-3, respectively. The response characteristics of the microelectrode for Na+ in body fluids was measured. The Na+ concentrations in some clinical microsamples were determined using this microelectrode.
1990, 7(5): 97-100
Abstract:
In this paper the influence of the-voltage on the resistance of polyethylene-carbon black composites has been studied, and thus the resistance-temperature behavior has been examined more accurately. The relationship between resistance and temperature could be expressed by an exponential formula:R=M. exp(N(t+80)/(110-t)), which is coincident with temperat-ure up to 10~30℃ below the M.P. of polyethylene depending on the carbon black content.The relationship between the expansion coefficient and temperature was compared with the PTC phenomenon of the materials. High expansion coefficient of the matrix is essential for the conductive composites to possess PTC effect.
In this paper the influence of the-voltage on the resistance of polyethylene-carbon black composites has been studied, and thus the resistance-temperature behavior has been examined more accurately. The relationship between resistance and temperature could be expressed by an exponential formula:R=M. exp(N(t+80)/(110-t)), which is coincident with temperat-ure up to 10~30℃ below the M.P. of polyethylene depending on the carbon black content.The relationship between the expansion coefficient and temperature was compared with the PTC phenomenon of the materials. High expansion coefficient of the matrix is essential for the conductive composites to possess PTC effect.
1990, 7(5): 101-103
Abstract:
Starting from p-hydroxyacetophenone and lauryl bromide,the title compound was synthe-sized. The structure of the compound was identified by IR,1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The film-forming property of the compounds was preliminary studied.
Starting from p-hydroxyacetophenone and lauryl bromide,the title compound was synthe-sized. The structure of the compound was identified by IR,1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The film-forming property of the compounds was preliminary studied.
